Babylonian King who destroyed the first temple (586) and deported much of Jerusalem's population (597)

rebelled against Assyria, Sennacherib. Siege of Jerusalem in 701 BCE: city is spared, countryside destroyed (part of the reason the city had grown in population up to this point); "Good" king according to Deuteronomists, removed altars to Baal and Asherah; Reign: 716(?) to 698 BCE

second to last King of Judah, deported to Babylon after siege of Jerusalem in 597, replaced with uncle Zedekiah (who would also revolt, leading to Temple's destruction).

last "good" king of Jerusalem, according to Deuteronomists; Found the book of the law (different than Torah (the law) and the Arc of the covenant) in the Temple → destroyed all foreign deities (sacred stones, Asherah poles, idols, etc); Torah is the first five books of the Bible; Failed to save Jerusalem from destruction, but was spared from seeing it (reign: 640 to 609 BCE, dies during battle with Pharaoh Neco).

vessel which contains God's presence, housed first in tabernacle (tent), later in Solomon's Temple, lost after destruction/exile; Enormous power, Biblically, causes death if placed in wrong areas.

second king of Judah (after Saul), ruled over United Monarchy; Conquers City of David/Jebus in 1000 BCE, places capitol of United Monarchy there; Establishes Davidic Covenant with God, dynasty is protected as long as they remain faithful, Davidic King will sit on the throne of Israel/Judah

Babylonian King who destroyed the first temple (586) and deported much of Jerusalem's population (597)

second to last King of Judah, deported to Babylon after siege of Jerusalem in 597, replaced with uncle Zedekiah (who would also revolt, leading to Temple's destruction).

second to last King of Judah, deported to Babylon after siege of Jerusalem in 597, replaced with uncle Zedekiah (who would also revolt, leading to Temple's destruction).

second king of Judah (after Saul), ruled over United Monarchy; Conquers City of David/Jebus in 1000 BCE, places capitol of United Monarchy there; Establishes Davidic Covenant with God, dynasty is protected as long as they remain faithful, Davidic King will sit on the throne of Israel/Judah

Assyrian King who laid siege to Jerusalem in 701 BCE and returned Judah to Assyrian vassalage; Extracted tribute from the temple, got an apology from Hezekiah; Potentially why Menasseh reinstalled idols (pay respect to Assyria)

rear portion of Solomon's temple that housed the Ark of the Covenant.

rebelled against Assyria, Sennacherib. Siege of Jerusalem in 701 BCE: city is spared, countryside destroyed (part of the reason the city had grown in population up to this point); "Good" king according to Deuteronomists, removed altars to Baal and Asherah; Reign: 716(?) to 698 BCE

first King of the independent Kingdom of Israel. Reign began in 928 BCE. Established rival temples in Dan and Bethel with golden calves.

vessel which contains God's presence, housed first in tabernacle (tent), later in Solomon's Temple, lost after destruction/exile; Enormous power, Biblically, causes death if placed in wrong areas

prophet during the Babylonian exile who saw a vision of idolatry and anti-Zion tradition activities in the Temple, cited as reason for Jerusalem's destruction (Ezekiel 9); Prophesied that the exiles would return to Jerusalem (Ezekiel 11), covenant with God was still in place, and that God's presence ("glory") was no longer in the Temple (Ezekiel 10).

"the law"; Torah is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, Law of Moses, foundational to Jewish identity and religious practice, particularly emphasized during the Exile.

the eastern boundary of Jerusalem, also called the "Valley of Jehoshaphat, Located east of Jerusalem, has significant biblical associations, including events in the life of David and Jesus.

high point on the Eastern Ridge, north of the Ophel, site of the Temple and other important religious sites (Dome of the Rock, Western Wall)

second king of Judah (after Saul), ruled over United Monarchy; Conquers City of David/Jebus in 1000 BCE, places capitol of United Monarchy there; Establishes Davidic Covenant with God, dynasty is protected as long as they remain faithful, Davidic King will sit on the throne of Israel/Judah

Assyrian King who laid siege to Jerusalem in 701 BCE and returned Judah to Assyrian vassalage; Extracted tribute from the temple, got an apology from Hezekiah; Potentially why Menasseh reinstalled idols (pay respect to Assyria)

(175-164 BCE) A Seleucid king whose reign prompted the Maccabean Revolt due to oppressive Hellenistic policies against Jewish practices, impacting Jewish identity and resistance.

old name of Jerusalem, pre Davidic conquest (pre 1000 BCE)

Third King of Jerusalem, fulfills Davidic promise to build a home for the Lord in Jerusalem, built in 960 BCE

second king of Judah (after Saul), ruled over United Monarchy; Conquers City of David/Jebus in 1000 BCE, places capitol of United Monarchy there; Establishes Davidic Covenant with God, dynasty is protected as long as they remain faithful, Davidic King will sit on the throne of Israel/Judah

major deportations in 597 where much of Jerusalem's population was expelled, went against many Zion traditions and fundamentally changed Jewish thought.

Assyrian King who laid siege to Jerusalem in 701 BCE and returned Judah to Assyrian vassalage; Extracted tribute from the temple, got an apology from Hezekiah; Potentially why Menasseh reinstalled idols (pay respect to Assyria)

"the law"; Torah is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, Law of Moses, foundational to Jewish identity and religious practice, particularly emphasized during the Exile.

rebelled against Assyria, Sennacherib. Siege of Jerusalem in 701 BCE: city is spared, countryside destroyed (part of the reason the city had grown in population up to this point); "Good" king according to Deuteronomists, removed altars to Baal and Asherah; Reign: 716(?) to 698 BCE

name for the Assyrian province which was created from the Northern Kingdom of Israel after its destruction in 722 BCE

second to last King of Judah, deported to Babylon after siege of Jerusalem in 597, replaced with uncle Zedekiah (who would also revolt, leading to Temple's destruction).

southern and western boundary of the Old City

Occurred in 928 BCE after Solomon's death and Jeroboam's revolt. Resulted in continuous conflict between Judah and Israel - Judah's perspective was that they were idolatrous/heretics (built rival temples in Dan and Bethel).

found by Josiah in the Temple; it contained a list of things people are allowed to do, and another list of things people shouldn't do: contained many Deuteronomical ideas and encouraged Josiah to remove idols and altars to other deities;It gave some insights as to why the northern kingdom (Judah) fell; thus Israel (king Josiah) knows not to do those things that Judah (especially king Manasseh did)

settled later, in the 8th century BCE (700s) during the Assyrian period, as people moved from the countryside to Jerusalem; ount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's Western Hill.; aka western ridge

important water supply for Jerusalem, not the only one. Connected to Siloam Pool via Hezekiah's tunnel

part of the Eastern Ridge which was conquered from the Jebusites by David, outside modern Old City of Jerusalem; e name given to an archaeological site considered by most scholars to be the original settlement core of Jerusalem during the Bronze and Iron Ages

major archaeological zone close to the Ophel/City of David where the Stepped Stone Structure was unearthed. Potentially an area near Solomon's Temple or Palace

idea that Jerusalem is the city which houses God's presence and has divine protection. Zion is the birthright of the Israelite people due to the covenant with God, according to Zion Theology.

poems which describe the exile from Jerusalem

Babylonian King who destroyed the first temple (586) and deported much of Jerusalem's population (597)

rear portion of Solomon's temple that housed the Ark of the Covenant.

first King of the independent Kingdom of Israel. Reign began in 928 BCE. Established rival temples in Dan and Bethel with golden calves.

last "good" king of Jerusalem, according to Deuteronomists; Found the book of the law (different than Torah (the law) and the Arc of the covenant) in the Temple → destroyed all foreign deities (sacred stones, Asherah poles, idols, etc); Torah is the first five books of the Bible; Failed to save Jerusalem from destruction, but was spared from seeing it (reign: 640 to 609 BCE, dies during battle with Pharaoh Neco).

first King of the independent Kingdom of Israel. Reign began in 928 BCE. Established rival temples in Dan and Bethel with golden calves.

synonymous with idols or rituals which worshiped gods that were not the God of Jerusalem.

Refers to the manifestation of the sacred; underscores Jerusalem's role in religious experiences and identity.

beginning of the reign of Josiah of Judah

large bronze pot of water outside of Solomon's temple. Parallels the cosmogony (is an imago mundi), as the "sea" is separated from the land, chaos is controlled by the King/Lord.

major archaeological zone close to the Ophel/City of David where the Stepped Stone Structure was unearthed. Potentially an area near Solomon's Temple or Palace

plateau between the City of David and Temple Mount. Potential place for Solomon's palace

site of the Binding of Isaac, place where God spoke to Abraham, synonymous/associated with Mount Zion and Jerusalem. Hierophany: the sacred appeared here.

first King of the independent Kingdom of Israel. Reign began in 928 BCE. Established rival temples in Dan and Bethel with golden calves.

Occurred in 928 BCE after Solomon's death and Jeroboam's revolt. Resulted in continuous conflict between Judah and Israel - Judah's perspective was that they were idolatrous/heretics (built rival temples in Dan and Bethel).

large bronze pot of water outside of Solomon's temple. Parallels the cosmogony (is an imago mundi), as the "sea" is separated from the land, chaos is controlled by the King/Lord.

part of the Eastern Ridge which was conquered from the Jebusites by David, outside modern Old City of Jerusalem; e name given to an archaeological site considered by most scholars to be the original settlement core of Jerusalem during the Bronze and Iron Ages

last "good" king of Jerusalem, according to Deuteronomists; Found the book of the law (different than Torah (the law) and the Arc of the covenant) in the Temple → destroyed all foreign deities (sacred stones, Asherah poles, idols, etc); Torah is the first five books of the Bible; Failed to save Jerusalem from destruction, but was spared from seeing it (reign: 640 to 609 BCE, dies during battle with Pharaoh Neco).

(559-530 BCE) Persian king who allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem, facilitating the rebuilding of the Temple and restoration of Jewish worship.

two large pillars that were placed outside Solomon's Temple. They "held up" the sky. Potentially also an axis mundi, or cosmic pillar which bridges the gap between the land and the heavens.

destruction of the N. Kingdom of Israel

major deportations in 597 where much of Jerusalem's population was expelled, went against many Zion traditions and fundamentally changed Jewish thought.

retaining wall-like structure excavated in Area G, houses built on top of it (homes dated to about 800 BCE). Potentially evidence for Solomon's Temple/Palace being built on top of it.

vessel which contains God's presence, housed first in tabernacle (tent), later in Solomon's Temple, lost after destruction/exile; Enormous power, Biblically, causes death if placed in wrong areas.

rebelled against Assyria, Sennacherib. Siege of Jerusalem in 701 BCE: city is spared, countryside destroyed (part of the reason the city had grown in population up to this point); "Good" king according to Deuteronomists, removed altars to Baal and Asherah; Reign: 716(?) to 698 BCE

prophet during the Babylonian exile who saw a vision of idolatry and anti-Zion tradition activities in the Temple, cited as reason for Jerusalem's destruction (Ezekiel 9); Prophesied that the exiles would return to Jerusalem (Ezekiel 11), covenant with God was still in place, and that God's presence ("glory") was no longer in the Temple (Ezekiel 10).

An ancient fortification in Jerusalem, attributed to King Hezekiah. It reflects the city's military preparedness during Assyrian threats.

Beliefs surrounding Jerusalem as the holy city, emphasizing its unique status in Jewish identity and worship.

major deportations in 597 where much of Jerusalem's population was expelled, went against many Zion traditions and fundamentally changed Jewish thought.

Third King of Jerusalem, fulfills Davidic promise to build a home for the Lord in Jerusalem, built in 960 BCE. Son of David, known for building the First Temple (c. 960 BCE); his reign marked the height of Jerusalem's political and economic power.

plateau between the City of David and Temple Mount. Potential place for Solomon's palace

prophet during the Babylonian exile who saw a vision of idolatry and anti-Zion tradition activities in the Temple, cited as reason for Jerusalem's destruction (Ezekiel 9); Prophesied that the exiles would return to Jerusalem (Ezekiel 11), covenant with God was still in place, and that God's presence ("glory") was no longer in the Temple (Ezekiel 10).

found by Josiah in the Temple; it contained a list of things people are allowed to do, and another list of things people shouldn't do: contained many Deuteronomical ideas and encouraged Josiah to remove idols and altars to other deities;It gave some insights as to why the northern kingdom (Judah) fell; thus Israel (king Josiah) knows not to do those things that Judah (especially king Manasseh did)

major archaeological zone close to the Ophel/City of David where the Stepped Stone Structure was unearthed. Potentially an area near Solomon's Temple or Palace

part of the Eastern Ridge which was conquered from the Jebusites by David, outside modern Old City of Jerusalem; e name given to an archaeological site considered by most scholars to be the original settlement core of Jerusalem during the Bronze and Iron Ages

Babylonian King who destroyed the first temple (586) and deported much of Jerusalem's population (597)

vessel which contains God's presence, housed first in tabernacle (tent), later in Solomon's Temple, lost after destruction/exile; Enormous power, Biblically, causes death if placed in wrong areas.

Assyrian King who laid siege to Jerusalem in 701 BCE and returned Judah to Assyrian vassalage; Extracted tribute from the temple, got an apology from Hezekiah; Potentially why Menasseh reinstalled idols (pay respect to Assyria)

part of the Eastern Ridge which was conquered from the Jebusites by David, outside modern Old City of Jerusalem; e name given to an archaeological site considered by most scholars to be the original settlement core of Jerusalem during the Bronze and Iron Ages

large bronze pot of water outside of Solomon's temple. Parallels the cosmogony (is an imago mundi), as the "sea" is separated from the land, chaos is controlled by the King/Lord.

plateau between the City of David and Temple Mount. Potential place for Solomon's palace

high point on the Eastern Ridge, north of the Ophel, site of the Temple and other important religious sites (Dome of the Rock, Western Wall)

rear portion of Solomon's temple that housed the Ark of the Covenant.

rival temples established by Jeroboam in 722 BCE. Golden calves were placed there, hated by Judean worshipers for usurping Jerusalem. Cities marked northern and southern boundaries of N. Kingdom of Israel.

Deuteronomic idea that worship should only take place in the Temple of Jerusalem. Part of the Book of the Law found by Josiah.

the eastern boundary of Jerusalem, also called the "Valley of Jehoshaphat, Located east of Jerusalem, has significant biblical associations, including events in the life of David and Jesus.

An ancient fortification in Jerusalem, attributed to King Hezekiah. It reflects the city's military preparedness during Assyrian threats.

A Canaanite goddess whose worship was prevalent in ancient Israel. The challenge against Asherah worship was part of the religious reforms aimed at centralizing worship in Jerusalem.

"the law"; Torah is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, Law of Moses, foundational to Jewish identity and religious practice, particularly emphasized during the Exile.

the eastern boundary of Jerusalem, also called the "Valley of Jehoshaphat, Located east of Jerusalem, has significant biblical associations, including events in the life of David and Jesus.

settled later, in the 8th century BCE (700s) during the Assyrian period, as people moved from the countryside to Jerusalem; ount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's Western Hill.; aka western ridge

Leader who returned from exile to reinstate the Law, emphasizing the importance of the Torah in rebuilding Jerusalem's identity.

Festival celebrating the rededication of the Second Temple, symbolizing resilience and faith in Jewish identity.

southern and western boundary of the Old City

settled later, in the 8th century BCE (700s) during the Assyrian period, as people moved from the countryside to Jerusalem; ount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's Western Hill.; aka western ridge

old name of Jerusalem, pre Davidic conquest (pre 1000 BCE)

poems which describe the exile from Jerusalem

mimicking cosmogony, or creation of the world. Separation of order and chaos, familiarizes a place to a people to become part of the 'known' world

rival temples established by Jeroboam in 722 BCE. Golden calves were placed there, hated by Judean worshipers for usurping Jerusalem. Cities marked northern and southern boundaries of N. Kingdom of Israel.

settled later, in the 8th century BCE (700s) during the Assyrian period, as people moved from the countryside to Jerusalem; ount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's Western Hill.; aka western ridge

Beliefs surrounding Jerusalem as the holy city, emphasizing its unique status in Jewish identity and worship.

found by Josiah in the Temple; it contained a list of things people are allowed to do, and another list of things people shouldn't do: contained many Deuteronomical ideas and encouraged Josiah to remove idols and altars to other deities;It gave some insights as to why the northern kingdom (Judah) fell; thus Israel (king Josiah) knows not to do those things that Judah (especially king Manasseh did)

beginning of the Assyrian Period

Site of the First and Second Temples, central to Jewish worship and identity.

A sacred enclosure; emphasizes the holiness of the Temple area in Jerusalem.

Assyrian ruler who reformed the Empire and greatly expanded it, 745 to 727 BCE

plateau between the City of David and Temple Mount. Potential place for Solomon's palace

"the law"; Torah is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, Law of Moses, foundational to Jewish identity and religious practice, particularly emphasized during the Exile.

first King of the independent Kingdom of Israel. Reign began in 928 BCE. Established rival temples in Dan and Bethel with golden calves.

An ancient fortification in Jerusalem, attributed to King Hezekiah. It reflects the city's military preparedness during Assyrian threats.

"the law"; Torah is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, Law of Moses, foundational to Jewish identity and religious practice, particularly emphasized during the Exile.

"evil" king who succeeded Hezekiah and returned many Asherah poles and idols worshiping rituals to Jerusalem (709 to 643 BCE)

the eastern boundary of Jerusalem, also called the "Valley of Jehoshaphat, Located east of Jerusalem, has significant biblical associations, including events in the life of David and Jesus.

synonymous with idols or rituals which worshiped gods that were not the God of Jerusalem.

Deuteronomic idea that worship should only take place in the Temple of Jerusalem. Part of the Book of the Law found by Josiah.

poems which describe the exile from Jerusalem

Festival celebrating the rededication of the Second Temple, symbolizing resilience and faith in Jewish identity.

(727-722 BCE) Assyrian king known for the siege and fall of Samaria, leading to the end of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. His deportation policies significantly affected Judah's demographics and political landscape.

prophet during the Babylonian exile who saw a vision of idolatry and anti-Zion tradition activities in the Temple, cited as reason for Jerusalem's destruction (Ezekiel 9); Prophesied that the exiles would return to Jerusalem (Ezekiel 11), covenant with God was still in place, and that God's presence ("glory") was no longer in the Temple (Ezekiel 10).

Assyrian King who laid siege to Jerusalem in 701 BCE and returned Judah to Assyrian vassalage; Extracted tribute from the temple, got an apology from Hezekiah; Potentially why Menasseh reinstalled idols (pay respect to Assyria)

last "good" king of Jerusalem, according to Deuteronomists; Found the book of the law (different than Torah (the law) and the Arc of the covenant) in the Temple → destroyed all foreign deities (sacred stones, Asherah poles, idols, etc); Torah is the first five books of the Bible; Failed to save Jerusalem from destruction, but was spared from seeing it (reign: 640 to 609 BCE, dies during battle with Pharaoh Neco).

An ancient fortification in Jerusalem, attributed to King Hezekiah. It reflects the city's military preparedness during Assyrian threats.

name for the Assyrian province which was created from the Northern Kingdom of Israel after its destruction in 722 BCE

second king of Judah (after Saul), ruled over United Monarchy; Conquers City of David/Jebus in 1000 BCE, places capitol of United Monarchy there; Establishes Davidic Covenant with God, dynasty is protected as long as they remain faithful, Davidic King will sit on the throne of Israel/Judah

second to last King of Judah, deported to Babylon after siege of Jerusalem in 597, replaced with uncle Zedekiah (who would also revolt, leading to Temple's destruction).

A Canaanite goddess whose worship was prevalent in ancient Israel. The challenge against Asherah worship was part of the religious reforms aimed at centralizing worship in Jerusalem.

important water supply for Jerusalem, not the only one. Connected to Siloam Pool via Hezekiah's tunnel

tent which housed the Ark of the Covenant before it was placed in the Temple. Pre-Solomonic period.

(175-164 BCE) A Seleucid king whose reign prompted the Maccabean Revolt due to oppressive Hellenistic policies against Jewish practices, impacting Jewish identity and resistance.

A major prophet during the Assyrian period whose messages emphasized faithfulness to God and offered hope amidst impending judgment. His prophecies shaped theological thought in Jerusalem.

the eastern boundary of Jerusalem, also called the "Valley of Jehoshaphat, Located east of Jerusalem, has significant biblical associations, including events in the life of David and Jesus.

retaining wall-like structure excavated in Area G, houses built on top of it (homes dated to about 800 BCE). Potentially evidence for Solomon's Temple/Palace being built on top of it.

major deportations in 597 where much of Jerusalem's population was expelled, went against many Zion traditions and fundamentally changed Jewish thought.

A prophetess during Josiah's reign who played a crucial role in the discovery of the Book of the Law, underscoring the importance of prophetic voices in Jerusalem's religious reforms.

the eastern boundary of Jerusalem, also called the "Valley of Jehoshaphat, Located east of Jerusalem, has significant biblical associations, including events in the life of David and Jesus.

settled later, in the 8th century BCE (700s) during the Assyrian period, as people moved from the countryside to Jerusalem; Mount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's western ridge

southern and western boundary of the Old City

Beliefs surrounding Jerusalem as the holy city, emphasizing its unique status in Jewish identity and worship.

(175-164 BCE) A Seleucid king whose reign prompted the Maccabean Revolt due to oppressive Hellenistic policies against Jewish practices, impacting Jewish identity and resistance.

Site of the First and Second Temples, central to Jewish worship and identity.

A sacred enclosure; emphasizes the holiness of the Temple area in Jerusalem.

Beliefs surrounding Jerusalem as the holy city, emphasizing its unique status in Jewish identity and worship.

tent which housed the Ark of the Covenant before it was placed in the Temple. Pre-Solomonic period.

Deuteronomic idea that worship should only take place in the Temple of Jerusalem. Part of the Book of the Law found by Josiah.

A key biblical text emphasizing law and covenant, central to the religious reforms in Jerusalem.

southern Kingdom, destroyed in 597 BCE by Babylon

divided the Eastern and Western Ridges

rival temples established by Jeroboam in 722 BCE. Golden calves were placed there, hated by Judean worshipers for usurping Jerusalem. Cities marked northern and southern boundaries of N. Kingdom of Israel.

Deuteronomic idea that worship should only take place in the Temple of Jerusalem. Part of the Book of the Law found by Josiah.

tent which housed the Ark of the Covenant before it was placed in the Temple. Pre-Solomonic period.

poems which describe the exile from Jerusalem

angels which guarded the Garden of Eden and the Ark of the Covenant in Solomon's Temple.

Leader of the Maccabean Revolt, representing the fight for Jewish autonomy and religious freedom.

Important water supply for Jerusalem, not the only one. Connected to Siloam Pool via Hezekiah's tunneI

A Canaanite goddess whose worship was prevalent in ancient Israel. The challenge against Asherah worship was part of the religious reforms aimed at centralizing worship in Jerusalem.

A major prophet during the Assyrian period whose messages emphasized faithfulness to God and offered hope amidst impending judgment. His prophecies shaped theological thought in Jerusalem.

An ancient fortification in Jerusalem, attributed to King Hezekiah. It reflects the city's military preparedness during Assyrian threats.

old name of Jerusalem, pre Davidic conquest (pre 1000 BCE)

A key biblical text emphasizing law and covenant, central to the religious reforms in Jerusalem.

idea that Jerusalem is the city which houses God's presence and has divine protection. Zion is the birthright of the Israelite people due to the covenant with God, according to Zion Theology.

rival temples established by Jeroboam in 722 BCE. Golden calves were placed there, hated by Judean worshipers for usurping Jerusalem. Cities marked northern and southern boundaries of N. Kingdom of Israel.

(727-722 BCE) Contribution: Assyrian king known for the siege and fall of Samaria, leading to the end of the Northern Kingdom of Israel. His deportation policies significantly affected Judah's demographics and political landscape.

southern and western boundary of the Old City

southern Kingdom, destroyed in 597 BCE by Babylon

plateau between the City of David and Temple Mount. Potential place for Solomon's palace

cosmic pillar which connects the heavens to the Earth, positioned at world's center

Jewish historian whose writings provide crucial insights into Jerusalem's history, particularly during the Roman period.

settled later, in the 8th century BCE (700s) during the Assyrian period, as people moved from the countryside to Jerusalem; ount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's western ridge

prophet during the Babylonian exile who saw a vision of idolatry and anti-Zion tradition activities in the Temple, cited as reason for Jerusalem's destruction (Ezekiel 9); Prophesied that the exiles would return to Jerusalem (Ezekiel 11), covenant with God was still in place, and that God's presence ("glory") was no longer in the Temple (Ezekiel 10).

mimicking cosmogony, or creation of the world. Separation of order and chaos, familiarizes a place to a people to become part of the 'known' world

rival temples established by Jeroboam in 722 BCE. Golden calves were placed there, hated by Judean worshipers for usurping Jerusalem. Cities marked northern and southern boundaries of N. Kingdom of Israel.

A Canaanite goddess whose worship was prevalent in ancient Israel. The challenge against Asherah worship was part of the religious reforms aimed at centralizing worship in Jerusalem.

settled later, in the 8th century BCE (700s) during the Assyrian period, as people moved from the countryside to Jerusalem; ount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's western ridge

A Canaanite goddess whose worship was prevalent in ancient Israel. The challenge against Asherah worship was part of the religious reforms aimed at centralizing worship in Jerusalem.

rival temples established by Jeroboam in 722 BCE. Golden calves were placed there, hated by Judean worshipers for usurping Jerusalem. Cities marked northern and southern boundaries of N. Kingdom of Israel.

the eastern boundary of Jerusalem, also called the "Valley of Jehoshaphat, Located east of Jerusalem, has significant biblical associations, including events in the life of David and Jesus.

settled later, in the 8th century BCE (700s) during the Assyrian period, as people moved from the countryside to Jerusalem; ount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's western ridge

Deuteronomic idea that worship should only take place in the Temple of Jerusalem. Part of the Book of the Law found by Josiah.

Babylonian King who destroyed the first temple (586) and deported much of Jerusalem's population (597)

second king of Judah (after Saul), ruled over United Monarchy; Conquers City of David/Jebus in 1000 BCE, places capitol of United Monarchy there; Establishes Davidic Covenant with God, dynasty is protected as long as they remain faithful, Davidic King will sit on the throne of Israel/Judah

retaining wall-like structure excavated in Area G, houses built on top of it (homes dated to about 800 BCE). Potentially evidence for Solomon's Temple/Palace being built on top of it.

poems which describe the exile from Jerusalem

An ancient fortification in Jerusalem, attributed to King Hezekiah. It reflects the city's military preparedness during Assyrian threats.

A Canaanite goddess whose worship was prevalent in ancient Israel. The challenge against Asherah worship was part of the religious reforms aimed at centralizing worship in Jerusalem.

the eastern boundary of Jerusalem, also called the "Valley of Jehoshaphat, Located east of Jerusalem, has significant biblical associations, including events in the life of David and Jesus.

A key biblical text emphasizing law and covenant, central to the religious reforms in Jerusalem.

Dynasty established after the Maccabean Revolt, significant for Jewish sovereignty over Jerusalem.

(37-4 BCE) King known for extensive building projects, including the expansion of the Second Temple, reflecting political ambition and cultural synthesis.

idea that Jerusalem is the city which houses God's presence and has divine protection. Zion is the birthright of the Israelite people due to the covenant with God, according to Zion Theology.

angels which guarded the Garden of Eden and the Ark of the Covenant in Solomon's Temple.

(559-530 BCE) Persian king who allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem, facilitating the rebuilding of the Temple and restoration of Jewish worship.

name for the Assyrian province which was created from the Northern Kingdom of Israel after its destruction in 722 BCE

Occurred in 928 BCE after Solomon's death and Jeroboam's revolt. Resulted in continuous conflict between Judah and Israel - Judah's perspective was that they were idolatrous/heretics (built rival temples in Dan and Bethel).

poems which describe the exile from Jerusalem

Beliefs surrounding Jerusalem as the holy city, emphasizing its unique status in Jewish identity and worship.

divided the Eastern and Western Ridges

A key biblical text emphasizing law and covenant, central to the religious reforms in Jerusalem.

Leader who returned from exile to reinstate the Law, emphasizing the importance of the Torah in rebuilding Jerusalem's identity.

An ancient fortification in Jerusalem, attributed to King Hezekiah. It reflects the city's military preparedness during Assyrian threats.

A major prophet during the Assyrian period whose messages emphasized faithfulness to God and offered hope amidst impending judgment. His prophecies shaped theological thought in Jerusalem.

divided the Eastern and Western Ridges

(559-530 BCE) Persian king who allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem, facilitating the rebuilding of the Temple and restoration of Jewish worship.

angels which guarded the Garden of Eden and the Ark of the Covenant in Solomon's Temple.

Dynasty established after the Maccabean Revolt, significant for Jewish sovereignty over Jerusalem.

Solomonic temple is destroyed after Zedekiah's revolt

rival temples established by Jeroboam in 722 BCE. Golden calves were placed there, hated by Judean worshipers for usurping Jerusalem. Cities marked northern and southern boundaries of N. Kingdom of Israel.

An ancient fortification in Jerusalem, attributed to King Hezekiah. It reflects the city's military preparedness during Assyrian threats.

The spread of Greek culture that influenced Jewish life, leading to cultural and religious tensions.

synonymous with idols or rituals which worshiped gods that were not the God of Jerusalem.

Leader of the Maccabean Revolt, representing the fight for Jewish autonomy and religious freedom.

idea that Jerusalem is the city which houses God's presence and has divine protection. Zion is the birthright of the Israelite people due to the covenant with God, according to Zion Theology.

A key biblical text emphasizing law and covenant, central to the religious reforms in Jerusalem.

Site of the First and Second Temples, central to Jewish worship and identity.

tent which housed the Ark of the Covenant before it was placed in the Temple. Pre-Solomonic period.

important water supply for Jerusalem, not the only one. Connected to Siloam Pool via Hezekiah's tunnel

Festival celebrating the rededication of the Second Temple, symbolizing resilience and faith in Jewish identity.

old name of Jerusalem, pre Davidic conquest (pre 1000 BCE)

Dynasty established after the Maccabean Revolt, significant for Jewish sovereignty over Jerusalem.

mimicking cosmogony, or creation of the world. Separation of order and chaos, familiarizes a place to a people to become part of the 'known' world

rival temples established by Jeroboam in 722 BCE. Golden calves were placed there, hated by Judean worshipers for usurping Jerusalem. Cities marked northern and southern boundaries of N. Kingdom of Israel.

A major prophet during the Assyrian period whose messages emphasized faithfulness to God and offered hope amidst impending judgment. His prophecies shaped theological thought in Jerusalem.

Festival celebrating the rededication of the Second Temple, symbolizing resilience and faith in Jewish identity.

beginning of the reign of Josiah of Judah

(37-4 BCE) King known for extensive building projects, including the expansion of the Second Temple, reflecting political ambition and cultural synthesis.

end of the reign of Josiah of Judah, death at Battle of Megiddo by Pharaoh Neco

Refers to the manifestation of the sacred; underscores Jerusalem's role in religious experiences and identity.

Leader who returned from exile to reinstate the Law, emphasizing the importance of the Torah in rebuilding Jerusalem's identity.

mimicking cosmogony, or creation of the world. Separation of order and chaos, familiarizes a place to a people to become part of the 'known' world

important water supply for Jerusalem, not the only one. Connected to Siloam Pool via Hezekiah's tunnel

Site of the First and Second Temples, central to Jewish worship and identity.

A prophetess during Josiah's reign who played a crucial role in the discovery of the Book of the Law, underscoring the importance of prophetic voices in Jerusalem's religious reforms.

Beliefs surrounding Jerusalem as the holy city, emphasizing its unique status in Jewish identity and worship.

settled later, in the 8th century BCE (700s) during the Assyrian period, as people moved from the countryside to Jerusalem; ount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (2 Samuel 5:7, 1 Chronicles 11:5; 1 Kings 8:1, 2 Chronicles 5:2) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's aka western ridge

A sacred enclosure; emphasizes the holiness of the Temple area in Jerusalem.

Dynasty established after the Maccabean Revolt, significant for Jewish sovereignty over Jerusalem.

Refers to the manifestation of the sacred; underscores Jerusalem's role in religious experiences and identity.

cosmic pillar which connects the heavens to the Earth, positioned at world's center

poems which describe the exile from Jerusalem

Deuteronomic idea that worship should only take place in the Temple of Jerusalem. Part of the Book of the Law found by Josiah.

Jewish historian whose writings provide crucial insights into Jerusalem's history, particularly during the Roman period.

A key biblical text emphasizing law and covenant, central to the religious reforms in Jerusalem.

David conquers Jerusalem/Eastern Ridge/City of David from Jebusites, places capital of United Monarchy there

division of the United Monarchy after Solomon's death

Battle of Carchemish; Nebuchadnezzar becomes the dominant power in the region.

Solomonic temple is destroyed after Zedekiah's revolt

beginning of the Assyrian Period

beginning of the reign of Josiah of Judah

end of the reign of Josiah of Judah, death at Battle of Megiddo by Pharaoh Neco

Solomon builds the first temple

Alexander the Great's conquest begins Hellenistic influence.

Solomonic temple is destroyed after Zedekiah's revolt

Edict of Cyrus

division of the United Monarchy after Solomon's death

beginning of the Assyrian Period

angels which guarded the Garden of Eden and the Ark of the Covenant in Solomon's Temple.

Deuteronomic idea that worship should only take place in the Temple of Jerusalem. Part of the Book of the Law found by Josiah.

mimicking cosmogony, or creation of the world. Separation of order and chaos, familiarizes a place to a people to become part of the 'known' world

Alexander the Great's conquest begins Hellenistic influence.

Abraham almost sacrifices his son, Isaac, on Mount Moriah

destruction of the N. Kingdom of Israel

Historical account of the Maccabean Revolt.

siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib

Refers to the manifestation of the sacred; underscores Jerusalem's role in religious experiences and identity.

A sacred enclosure; emphasizes the holiness of the Temple area in Jerusalem.

David conquers Jerusalem/Eastern Ridge/City of David from Jebusites, places capital of United Monarchy there

Nehemiah's reforms and rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls

beginning of the reign of Josiah of Judah

Maccabean Revolt against Antiochus IV

David establishes Jerusalem as the capital and brings the Ark.

end of the reign of Josiah of Judah, death at Battle of Megiddo by Pharaoh Neco

The spread of Greek culture that influenced Jewish life, leading to cultural and religious tensions.

Dynasty established after the Maccabean Revolt, significant for Jewish sovereignty over Jerusalem.

Ezra the priest institutes reforms in Jerusalem

Solomon builds and dedicates the First Temple.

Centrality of the Temple and the idea of a chosen people were fundamentally challenged, leading to a shift in identity and worship practices.

Vision of God's glory departing from the Temple.

Battle of Carchemish; Nebuchadnezzar becomes the dominant power in the region.

first Babylonian deportation, Nebuchadnezzar besieged, but doesn't destroy Jerusalem

David's census; implications for Jerusalem's future.

Solomon builds the first temple

David conquers Jerusalem/Eastern Ridge/City of David from Jebusites, places capital of United Monarchy there

beginning of the Assyrian Period

Jewish historian whose writings provide crucial insights into Jerusalem's history, particularly during the Roman period.

Refers to the manifestation of the sacred; underscores Jerusalem's role in religious experiences and identity.

Solomonic temple is destroyed after Zedekiah's revolt

Edict of Cyrus

division of the United Monarchy after Solomon's death

destruction of the N. Kingdom of Israel

siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib

end of the reign of Josiah of Judah, death at Battle of Megiddo by Pharaoh Neco

Rebuilding of temple in Jerusalem ("Second Temple")

first Babylonian deportation, Nebuchadnezzar besieged, but doesn't destroy Jerusalem

siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib

Nehemiah's reforms and rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls

Solomon builds and dedicates the First Temple.

Ezra the priest institutes reforms in Jerusalem

Reinstatement of the Law and community reforms

Solomon builds and dedicates the First Temple.

Nehemiah's reforms and rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls

A sacred enclosure; emphasizes the holiness of the Temple area in Jerusalem.

David conquers Jerusalem/Eastern Ridge/City of David from Jebusites, places capital of United Monarchy there

Alexander the Great's conquest begins Hellenistic influence.

destruction of the N. Kingdom of Israel

beginning of the reign of Josiah of Judah

Battle of Carchemish; Nebuchadnezzar becomes the dominant power in the region.

David's census; implications for Jerusalem's future.

Mourning the destruction of Jerusalem.

Solomon builds and dedicates the First Temple.

Maccabean Revolt against Antiochus IV

Abraham almost sacrifices his son, Isaac, on Mount Moriah

Chronicles the fall of Jerusalem.

Celebrate God's presence in Zion.

Vision of God's glory departing from the Temple.

Celebrate God's presence in Zion.

David's census; implications for Jerusalem's future.

Return from exile and rebuilding efforts.

Reinstatement of the Law and community reforms

David establishes Jerusalem as the capital and brings the Ark.

Vision of God's glory departing from the Temple.

Solomonic temple is destroyed after Zedekiah's revolt

Rebuilding of temple in Jerusalem ("Second Temple")

Return from exile and rebuilding efforts.

Abraham almost sacrifices his son, Isaac, on Mount Moriah

Solomon builds and dedicates the First Temple.

Alexander the Great's conquest begins Hellenistic influence.

Chronicles the fall of Jerusalem.

Return from exile and rebuilding efforts.

David's census; implications for Jerusalem's future.

Maccabean Revolt against Antiochus IV

Celebrate God's presence in Zion.

Return from exile and rebuilding efforts.

Historical account of the Maccabean Revolt.

David establishes Jerusalem as the capital and brings the Ark.

Mourning the destruction of Jerusalem.

Nehemiah's reforms and rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls

Abraham almost sacrifices his son, Isaac, on Mount Moriah

David establishes Jerusalem as the capital and brings the Ark.

end of the reign of Josiah of Judah, death at Battle of Megiddo by Pharaoh Neco

(559-530 BCE) Persian king who allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem, facilitating the rebuilding of the Temple and restoration of Jewish worship.

(37-4 BCE) King known for extensive building projects, including the expansion of the Second Temple, reflecting political ambition and cultural synthesis.

Vision of God's glory departing from the Temple.

Abraham almost sacrifices his son, Isaac, on Mount Moriah

Rebuilding of temple in Jerusalem ("Second Temple")

Return from exile and rebuilding efforts.

Mourning the destruction of Jerusalem.

Reinstatement of the Law and community reforms

siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib

David conquers Jerusalem/Eastern Ridge/City of David from Jebusites, places capital of United Monarchy there

Celebrate God's presence in Zion.

beginning of the reign of Josiah of Judah

Battle of Carchemish; Nebuchadnezzar becomes the dominant power in the region.

poems which describe the exile from Jerusalem

Historical account of the Maccabean Revolt.

Centrality of the Temple and the idea of a chosen people were fundamentally challenged, leading to a shift in identity and worship practices.

Both texts depict moments of divine revelation and connection, emphasizing the significance of faith and sacrifice in the context of Jerusalem's sanctity.

Second king of Jerusalem

Development of Jerusalem from a settlement (united monarchy under David and Solomon) to a city 

Solomon expands Jerusalem to the Western Hill

400% population increase

Both texts depict moments of divine revelation and connection, emphasizing the significance of faith and sacrifice in the context of Jerusalem's sanctity.

The First Temple was grander and built by Solomon, while the Second Temple was less ornate and represented a different phase of Jewish worship and community.

Centrality of the Temple and the idea of a chosen people were fundamentally challenged, leading to a shift in identity and worship practices.

The Assyrian threat and eventual survival of Jerusalem served as a validation of the Davidic dynasty, reinforcing the belief in its divine selection despite external pressures.

Centrality of the Temple and the idea of a chosen people were fundamentally challenged, leading to a shift in identity and worship practices.

Return from exile and rebuilding efforts.

Both texts depict moments of divine revelation and connection, emphasizing the significance of faith and sacrifice in the context of Jerusalem's sanctity.

Celebrate God's presence in Zion.

The Assyrian threat and eventual survival of Jerusalem served as a validation of the Davidic dynasty, reinforcing the belief in its divine selection despite external pressures.

The First Temple was grander and built by Solomon, while the Second Temple was less ornate and represented a different phase of Jewish worship and community.

Celebrate God's presence in Zion.

Abraham almost sacrifices his son, Isaac, on Mount Moriah

Biblical name for Temple Mount

Dedicated to Yahweh and housed the Ark Sanctuary had 3 parts: the vestibule (Ulam), the cult hall (Hekhal), and the Holy of Holies (Devir)Ark was held in Holy of Holies Gold candlesticks lining the Hekhal2 freestanding pillars at entrance of the Ulam (Yakhin and Boaz)In the courtyard: altar for sacrifices, a bronze basin supported by 12 oxen Walls were covered with figures of cherubs, palm trees, and flowers Cherubim sit on either side of the Ark

Figures of cherubs, palm trees, and flowers covered the walls Represents creation

Repetition of 7 signifies creation, as does Eden as a whole

Development of Jerusalem from a settlement (united monarchy under David and Solomon) to a city 

Solomon expands Jerusalem to the Western Hill

400% population increase

According to Tweed, a place acquires sanctity through what has happened thereMt Moriah (Temple Mount): where Isaac was almost sacrificed by Abraham (Genesis 22)David brought the Ark to Jerusalem from Judah

Southern portion of Eastern Hill; Oldest part of Jerusalem

21:13, God says he will treat Jerusalem with the same disrespect that Manasseh treated him withManasseh's polytheistic ways caused the exile

King Manasseh. Exile was caused by Jerusalem's sins (aka Manasseh worshiping other gods)

Return from exile and rebuilding efforts.

Second king of Jerusalem

Vision of God's glory departing from the Temple.

Historical account of the Maccabean Revolt.

Dedicated to Yahweh and housed the Ark Sanctuary had 3 parts: the vestibule (Ulam), the cult hall (Hekhal), and the Holy of Holies (Devir)Ark was held in Holy of Holies Gold candlesticks lining the Hekhal2 freestanding pillars at entrance of the Ulam (Yakhin and Boaz)In the courtyard: altar for sacrifices, a bronze basin supported by 12 oxen Walls were covered with figures of cherubs, palm trees, and flowers Cherubim sit on either side of the Ark

Proximity to water sources (Gihon Spring, etc)

"Center of the World" intersection of 3 continents

Natural protection (hills) on all sides of the city except the north

Close to Watershed Route for trading

He found the book of the law in the covenant and realized he needed to keep God's commandments

He took away Manasseh's polytheistic vessels and brought Jerusalem back to being monotheistic

He and some elders took these items out of the city and burned them, representing the end of worship of anyone other than God

According to Tweed, a place acquires sanctity through what has happened thereAlthough the structures may have been destroyed, the events that took place in Jerusalem still happened in history, so yes

Figures of cherubs, palm trees, and flowers covered the walls Represents creation

Repetition of 7 signifies creation, as does Eden as a whole

Southern portion of Eastern Hill; Oldest part of Jerusalem

The Assyrian threat and eventual survival of Jerusalem served as a validation of the Davidic dynasty, reinforcing the belief in its divine selection despite external pressures.

According to Tweed, a place acquires sanctity through what has happened thereMt Moriah (Temple Mount): where Isaac was almost sacrificed by Abraham (Genesis 22)David brought the Ark to Jerusalem from Judah

Development of Jerusalem from a settlement (united monarchy under David and Solomon) to a city 

Solomon expands Jerusalem to the Western Hill

400% population increase

Dedicated to Yahweh and housed the Ark Sanctuary had 3 parts: the vestibule (Ulam), the cult hall (Hekhal), and the Holy of Holies (Devir)Ark was held in Holy of Holies Gold candlesticks lining the Hekhal2 freestanding pillars at entrance of the Ulam (Yakhin and Boaz)In the courtyard: altar for sacrifices, a bronze basin supported by 12 oxen Walls were covered with figures of cherubs, palm trees, and flowers Cherubim sit on either side of the Ark

Figures of cherubs, palm trees, and flowers covered the walls Represents creation

Repetition of 7 signifies creation, as does Eden as a whole

Southern portion of Eastern Hill; Oldest part of Jerusalem

What is said of God is also a statement about the city itself (strong, refuge)"River" refers to Gihon Spring

Figures of cherubs, palm trees, and flowers covered the walls Represents creation

Repetition of 7 signifies creation, as does Eden as a whole

According to Tweed, a place acquires sanctity through what has happened there Mt Moriah (Temple Mount): where Isaac was almost sacrificed by Abraham (Genesis 22)David brought the Ark to Jerusalem from Judah

Dedicated to Yahweh and housed the Ark Sanctuary had 3 parts: the vestibule (Ulam), the cult hall (Hekhal), and the Holy of Holies (Devir)Ark was held in Holy of Holies Gold candlesticks lining the Hekhal2 freestanding pillars at entrance of the Ulam (Yakhin and Boaz)In the courtyard: altar for sacrifices, a bronze basin supported by 12 oxen Walls were covered with figures of cherubs, palm trees, and flowers Cherubim sit on either side of the Ark

21:13, God says he will treat Jerusalem with the same disrespect that Manasseh treated him withManasseh's polytheistic ways caused the exile

He worshipped multiple gods, building other altars in the Lord's house

He met with wizards and mediums

Proximity to water sources (Gihon Spring, etc)

"Center of the World" intersection of 3 continents

Natural protection (hills) on all sides of the city except the north

Close to Watershed Route for trading

He found the book of the law in the covenant and realized he needed to keep God's commandments

He took away Manasseh's polytheistic vessels and brought Jerusalem back to being monotheistic

He and some elders took these items out of the city and burned them, representing the end of worship of anyone other than God

He worshiped multiple gods, building other altars in the Lord's house

He met with wizards and mediums

What is said of God is also a statement about the city itself (strong, refuge)"River" refers to Gihon Spring

King Manasseh. Exile was caused by Jerusalem's sins (aka Manasseh worshiping other gods)

According to Tweed, a place acquires sanctity through what has happened there Although the structures may have been destroyed, the events that took place in Jerusalem still happened in history, so yes

He worshiped multiple gods, building other altars in the Lord's house

He met with wizards and mediums

Development of Jerusalem from a settlement (united monarchy under David and Solomon) to a city 

Solomon expands Jerusalem to the Western Hill

400% population increase

Second king of Jerusalem

The Assyrian threat and eventual survival of Jerusalem served as a validation of the Davidic dynasty, reinforcing the belief in its divine selection despite external pressures.

21:13, God says he will treat Jerusalem with the same disrespect that Manasseh treated him withManasseh's polytheistic ways caused the exile

King Manasseh. Exile was caused by Jerusalem's sins (aka Manasseh worshiping other gods)

Biblical name for Temple Mount

Second king of Jerusalem

He found the book of the law in the covenant and realized he needed to keep God's commandments

He took away Manasseh's polytheistic vessels and brought Jerusalem back to being monotheistic

He and some elders took these items out of the city and burned them, representing the end of worship of anyone other than God

According to Tweed, a place acquires sanctity through what has happened there Although the structures may have been destroyed, the events that took place in Jerusalem still happened in history, so yes

Dedicated to Yahweh and housed the Ark Sanctuary had 3 parts: the vestibule (Ulam), the cult hall (Hekhal), and the Holy of Holies (Devir)Ark was held in Holy of Holies Gold candlesticks lining the Hekhal2 freestanding pillars at entrance of the Ulam (Yakhin and Boaz)In the courtyard: altar for sacrifices, a bronze basin supported by 12 oxen Walls were covered with figures of cherubs, palm trees, and flowers Cherubim sit on either side of the Ark

The Assyrian threat and eventual survival of Jerusalem served as a validation of the Davidic dynasty, reinforcing the belief in its divine selection despite external pressures.

According to Tweed, a place acquires sanctity through what has happened there Mt Moriah (Temple Mount): where Isaac was almost sacrificed by Abraham (Genesis 22)David brought the Ark to Jerusalem from Judah

What is said of God is also a statement about the city itself (strong, refuge)"River" refers to Gihon Spring

King Manasseh. Exile was caused by Jerusalem's sins (aka Manasseh worshiping other gods)

Figures of cherubs, palm trees, and flowers covered the walls Represents creation

Repetition of 7 signifies creation, as does Eden as a whole

Both texts depict moments of divine revelation and connection, emphasizing the significance of faith and sacrifice in the context of Jerusalem's sanctity.

According to Tweed, a place acquires sanctity through what has happened there Although the structures may have been destroyed, the events that took place in Jerusalem still happened in history, so yes

The Assyrian threat and eventual survival of Jerusalem served as a validation of the Davidic dynasty, reinforcing the belief in its divine selection despite external pressures.

Centrality of the Temple and the idea of a chosen people were fundamentally challenged, leading to a shift in identity and worship practices.