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IGCSE Ch.1,7

Total questions: 84

Worksheet time: 2hrs 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What type of rock forms from the cooling and hardening of molten magma?

a)

Metamorphic rocks

b)

Igneous rocks

c)

Crystalline rocks

d)

Sedimentary rocks

2.

Which type of rock is formed from the accumulation of dead plants and animals?

a)

Volcanic rocks

b)

Metamorphic rocks

c)

Igneous rocks

d)

Sedimentary rocks

3.

What is the process called when minerals in an existing rock are changed by heat and pressure?

a)

Erosion

b)

Metamorphism

c)

Sedimentation

d)

Crystallization

4.

Which mining method involves digging a large, deep, cone-shaped pit?

a)

Strip mining

b)

Drift mining

c)

Open-pit mining

d)

Shaft mining

5.

What is a major environmental impact of surface mining?

a)

Groundwater contamination

b)

Deforestation

c)

Underground instability

d)

Mineral depletion

6.

Which mining method is generally safer for workers?

a)

Surface mining

b)

Drift mining

c)

Sub-surface mining

d)

Shaft mining

7.

What is the main advantage of subsurface mining?

a)

Lower costs

b)

Easier access to minerals

c)

Less environmental damage

d)

Faster extraction

8.

What does the rock cycle represent?

a)

The changes between rock types

b)

The types of mining methods

c)

The formation of minerals

d)

The mining processes

9.

Which method is used to restore ecosystems after mining?

a)

Drift mining

b)

Bioremediation

c)

Open-pit mining

d)

Shaft mining

10.

What is the goal of sustainable development?

a)

To increase economic growth at all costs

b)

To eliminate all mining activities

c)

To meet present needs without compromising future generations

d)

To maximize resource extraction

11.

What is one method of land restoration mentioned in the text?

a)

Open-pit mining

b)

Shaft mining

c)

Topsoil replacement

d)

Surface mining

12.

What is a characteristic of minerals?

a)

They are crystalline solids

b)

They are only found in igneous rocks

c)

They are always liquid

d)

They cannot be recycled

13.

What is the primary disadvantage of subsurface mining?

a)

Lower safety risks

b)

Faster extraction rates

c)

High costs and complex infrastructure

d)

Significant habitat destruction

14.

Which of the following is NOT a type of metamorphic rock formation?

a)

Cooling of magma

b)

Heat and pressure

c)

Chemical alteration

d)

Recrystallization

15.

What type of rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of lava on the Earth's surface?

a)

Metamorphic rocks

b)

Igneous rocks

c)

Sedimentary rocks

d)

Volcanic rocks

16.

What is the term for the natural process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces?

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Metamorphism

d)

Crystallization

17.

Rocks are mostly made of

a)

minerals

b)

lava

c)

fossils

d)

dirt

18.

Place the products of the rock cycle in their proper place.

a)Metamorphic Rock
b)Magma
c)Igneous Rock
d)Sediments
e)Sedimentary Rock
1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
19.
Which processes must occur in order for an igneous rock to change into a metamorphic rock?
a)
heating and pressure
b)
compaction and cementation
c)
melting and cooling
d)
uplift and erosion
20.
Which process forms both metamorphic and sedimentary rock?
a)
recrystallization
b)
heating
c)
weathering
d)
compacting
21.
Which processes change magma into igneous rock?
a)
weathering and erosion
b)
heat and pressure
c)
compaction and cementation
d)
cooling and crystallization
22.
The process of returning soil and vegetation to a mine site is called?
a)
Reversing
b)
Rehabilitation
c)
Removal
d)
Restoring
23.
What are the 3 types of rocks?
a)
Sedimentary, Metaphoric, Igneous
b)
Igneous, Depository, Metamorphic
c)
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic
d)
Sediment, Metamorphosis, Igneous
24.

This rock is formed in layers.

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

25.

This type of mining does less damage to the environment.

a)

surface mining

b)

subsurface mining.

26.
Which of the following is NOT environmental impacts of mining?
a)
Destroys natural communities over large areas.
b)
Acid drainage pollutes groundwater.
c)
Creates minimal dust.
d)
Mass wasting is common when overburden is loosened.
27.
 Which type of mining is associated with disturbing more land?
a)
Surface mining 
b)
Sub-surface mining
c)
Mining in the oceans
28.
What is the first step in coal mining?
a)
take core samples
b)
remove overburden
c)
cut the coal for easier removal
d)
refining coal
29.

When ore is extracted from near the surface by digging deep into the ground.

a)

Strip Mining

b)

Contour Mining

c)

Mountaintop Removal

d)

Open Pit Mining

30.

What are the two ways we extract minerals?

a)

Digging holes in our backyard

b)

Using a metal detector

c)

Playing in a sandbox

d)

Surface & Subsurface mining

31.

A mineral that contains a useful substance that can be mined for a profit is called a ______.

a)

Gem

b)

Ore

c)

Rock

32.
Which of the one of the following is and effect of land being disturbed by mining?
a)
Better water quality 
b)
Loss of Habitat for animals 
c)
New habitat for animals 
d)
No negative effects 
33.
Deep deposits of minerals being removed from underground though tunnels and shafts is the definition of: 
a)
Strip Mining 
b)
Mountaintop Removal 
c)
Subsurface Mining 
d)
Surface Mining 
34.
When machines dig very deep large holes with machines is the definition of: 
a)
Open Pit Mining 
b)
Strip Mining 
c)
Surface Mining 
d)
Subsurface Mining
35.
Mineral deposits being removed from near the surface is the definition of:
a)
Subsurface mining 
b)
Open Pit Mining 
c)
Strip Mining 
d)
Surface Mining 
36.
The layer of atmosphere closest to the Earth is called the
a)
mesosphere
b)
stratosphere
c)
troposphere
d)
proctosphere
37.
Air in the atmosphere is 78%
a)
Einsteinium
b)
nitrogen
c)
oxygen
d)
carbon dioxide
38.

Most of the atmosphere is composed of the following gas

a)

nitrogen

b)

oxygen

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

argon

e)

flatulence

39.

Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone?

a)

troposphere

b)

stratosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

thermosphere

40.

Temperature increases with height in the ______ due to the ozone trapping heat.

a)

troposphere

b)

stratosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

thermosphere

41.

Temperature decreases with height in the ______ because there is nothing but thin air.

a)

troposphere

b)

stratosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

thermosphere

42.

What is the term for the day to day conditions of the atmosphere?

a)

weather

b)

climate

c)

hurrican

d)

global wind

43.

What protects the earth from harmful UV rays from the sun?

a)

clouds

b)

ionosphere

c)

nitrogen gases

d)

the ozone

44.

Why does the temperature increase in the stratosphere?

a)

It's closer to the sun

b)

The ozone layer absorbs UV rays

c)

Heat rises

d)

All of the above

45.

Gases released from power plants mix with water vapor in the sky to make ________________.

a)

smog

b)

acid rain

c)

global warming

d)

particulate matter

46.
How are people and animals affected by the hole in the ozone layer?
a)
Breathing problems
b)
Skin infections
c)
Increased cases of skin cancer
d)
Flooding due to higher temperatures
47.
This substance is a major component of smog.
a)
dust
b)
ground level ozone
c)
carbon monoxide
d)
nitrogen oxide
48.
Acid measures this on the pH scale.
a)
exactly 7
b)
anything below 7
c)
anything above 7
d)
anything from 1 to 14
49.
The chemical formula for ozone?
a)
0
b)
02
c)
03
d)
OZn
50.
This is the major greenhouse gas released by cows.
a)
methane
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
carbon monoxide
d)
nitrogen dioxide
51.

Where is the "GOOD" ozone located?

a)

troposphere

b)

stratosphere

c)

mesosphere

d)

thermosphere

52.

Which of the following is a solution to reduce air pollution?

a)

use public transport more

b)

dust storm

c)

volcano eruption

d)

methane from landfills

53.
The ozone layer is damaged by
a)
CFCs
b)
Increase in greenhouse gases
c)
Increased global temperatures
d)
Sulfuric and nitric acids
54.
The ozone layer protects us from
a)
UV rays
b)
CFCs
c)
Increased atmospheric heat
d)
Decreased atmospheric heat
55.
What is a primary pollutant? 
a)
pollutant that is put directly into air by human activities
b)
pollutants that react with other primary pollutants
56.

Source of carbon monoxide

a)

Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels

b)

Combustion of fossil fuels

c)

Decomposition of plant and animal matters

d)

Photochemical reaction of CO2

57.
A colorless, odorless gas that decreases the blood's ability to carry oxygen.  Can cause faintness, death.
a)
Nitrogen oxides
b)
Ground-level ozone
c)
Carbon monoxide
d)
Sulfur dioxide
58.
An air pollution prevention mechanism found in vehicles. 
a)
combustion chamber
b)
electrostatic precipitator
c)
scrubber
d)
catalytic converter
59.

Which of the following are examples of VOC's ? (Select 3)

a)

paint and paint thinners

b)

gasoline

c)

water vapor

d)

formaldehyde

e)

smog

60.
What is a secondary pollutant? 
a)
pollutant that is put directly into air by human activities
b)
pollutants that react with other primary pollutants
61.
Which two primary pollutants most often result in acid rain?
a)
sulfuric dioxide and nitric oxide
b)
carbon monoxide and VOCs
c)
ZEVs and VOCs
d)
carbonic acid and citric acid
62.

Which pollutants result from fossil fuel combustion (list all that apply)?

a)

Sulfur Dioxides

b)

Nitrogen Oxides

c)

Carbon Oxides

d)

Stratospheric Ozone

e)

Particulate Matter

63.

What are the 2 sizes of Particulate Matter that the EPA classifies? Which is more dangerous, and why?

(a)  

64.

Ozone is considered a pollutant in the stratosphere, but not the troposphere.

a)

True

b)

False

65.
source: burning of coal and oil, esp. coal from E. US some industrial processes
health effects: breathing problems, lung damage
environmental effects: ingredient in acid rain
a)
NOx
b)
SO2
c)
CO
d)
particulate matter
66.
The principal component of smog
Source: Chemical reaction of  VOCs and NOx
Health effects: breathing problems, reduced lung capacity, asthma, eye irritation, reduced resistance to disease
Environmental effects: can damage plants
a)
Pb
b)
CO
c)
SO2
d)
O3
67.
A smog forming group of molecules
Source: are released from burning fuel (fossil fuels or biomass), solvents, paints glues and other commonly used products.  They include benzene, methane, formaldehyde and others
Health effects: In addition to smog (ozone) effects, some are carcinogenic
Environmental effects: affects some plants directly in addition to smog effects
a)
PM (particulate matter)
b)
VOCs
c)
CO
d)
Pb
68.

NO2 +VOCs +O2 +sunlight form

a)

stratospheric ozone

b)

tropospheric ozone

c)

acid rain

d)

industrial smog

69.

What chemicals are most responsible for ozone depletion?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Carbon monoxide

c)

Chlorofluorocarbons

d)

Chlorine gas

70.

What is an effect of ozone depletion?

a)

Global warming

b)

Increased strength of Earth's gravity

c)

Increased visible light that reaches Earth's surface

d)

Increased UV light that reaches Earth's surface

71.

What is the phenomenon that helps keep Earth warm?

a)

Ozone depletion

b)

Greenhouse effect

c)

Bluehouse effect

d)

Industrialization

72.
Which agreement allowed for a reduction, and eventual elimination, of CFC production and use?
a)
Montreal Protoccol
b)
Kyoto Protoccol
c)
Paris Agreement
d)
Yo MaMa
73.
How do CFCs affect ozone production?
a)
UV radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone.
b)
Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone.
c)
UV radiation frees a fluorine atom, which breaks down ozone.
d)
Infrared radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone.
74.

Which chemical that replaced CFCs in refrigerants is now a concern as a major greenhouse gas?

a)

CFCs

b)

HFCs

c)

DDT

d)

CFCl2

75.

Correctly label each layer of the atmosphere

a)

Thermosphere

b)

Troposphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Stratosphere

e)

Exosphere

1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
76.
Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps....
a)
will result in cooler temperatures in the Arctic
b)
will result in sea-levels rising
c)
Will have no effect on ecosystems
d)
None of the above
77.

CFCs are made up of which three compounds

a)

Calcium, fluorine,

carbon

b)

Chlorine, Fluorine, Carbon

c)

Carbon, Bromine, Calcium

d)

Chromine, Fluoride, Carbon

78.

What is the ozone layer?

a)

A layer of harmful gases in the atmosphere

b)

A layer of oxygen molecules in the stratosphere

c)

A layer of smog in the troposphere

d)

A layer of carbon dioxide in the mesosphere

79.

What causes the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs)?

a)

Presence of volcanic ash in the stratosphere

b)

Presence of ice clouds in the polar regions

c)

Emissions from industrial processes

d)

Emissions from forest fires

80.

What is full form of SDG

a)

Sustainable division goals

b)

Sustainable deprivation goal

c)

Sustainable development goals

d)

Sustainable democratic goals

81.

How many Sustainable Development Goals are there?

a)

16

b)

17

c)

18

d)

19

82.

Identify the logo of SDG.

a)

b)

c)

83.

What is the aim of sustainable development?

a)

Maximizing profitability

b)

Minimizing environmental degradation

c)

Balancing economic, environmental, and social needs

d)

Preventing overexploitation of resources

84.

What is sustainable development?

a)

Maximizing overexploitation of resources

b)

Ignoring the quality of the environment for future generations

c)

Meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

d)

Maximizing environmental problems

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