Rita is a 60 year old geriatric patient who visited your clinic. She complains that whenever she enters the cinema, she had a hard time seeing. Which of the following statements are most likely true?

I. Rita possibly has cataract opacity at the external part of the lens

II. Rita possibly has difficulties in differentiating blue and violet colors

III. The cataract opacity may be located at the back of the lens

IV. The cataract opacity may obstruct light entering the pupil center.

Which of the following patients has the highest risk of developing open angle glaucoma?

Which of the following patients is suspected to be with glaucoma?

Which of the following patients most likely do not visit the clinic at the early stages of the disease due to lack of symptoms?

i. Ben with nuclear cataract

ii. Keisha with open angle glaucoma

iii. Erwin with cortical cataract

iv. Jem with macular degeneration

Which of the following conditions disrupt the arrangement of the layers of the retina?

I. Atrophic macular degeneration

II. Exudative macular degeneration

III. Diabetic retinopathy

IV. Glaucoma

Yeti is a mother who has relatives who are diabetic at an early age. During her pregnancy, it was discovered that she was also diabetic. Her diabetes persisted even after giving birth to her baby. What type of diabetes does Yeti have?

The following is/are true about Diabetes and Diabetic retinopathy except:

I. Even with consistent intake of maintenance medication, diabetic retinopathy can still manifest especially in patients who are long-termed diabetic.

II. Even without Insulin, glucose from the main bloodstream can still enter cells.

III.  Type 2 Diabetes cannot be passed down in families like type 1 diabetes.

IV.  Build up of fat

Which of the following patients most likely do not visit the clinic at the early stages of the disease due to lack of symptoms?
i. Mari whose results show opacity located at the posterior portion of the CLs
ii. Kate whose result show deposition of pigment at the drainage angle
iii. John who has high erythrocyte sedimentation rate
iv. Ken whose results show metamorphopsia

Light coming out from the window is best suited for which of the following patients?
I. patient with open angle glaucoma
II. patient with nuclear cataract
III. patient with ARMD
IV. patient with visual field loss in periphery

Mr.Smith is watch repairer. Which of the following illumination are best suited for his job?

Among which of these low vision devices is considered the cheapest?

Mrs Wright has lower back pain. When given this low vision aid device, she was now able to read for longer period of time without suffering from lower back pain. What low vision aid device was given?

Whenever the patient uses this device, he or she often sees the reading material through the device as upside down. Which of the following is/are true?

i. Patient could move closer or nearer the reading material using the device to make the image upright

ii. Patient is using a hand magnifier

iii. Patient should be taught to move the reading material instead of the eyes to avoid this situation

iv. Patient is using a loupe.

Morgana is a low vision patient who wishes to explore her surroundings. Which of the following telescopes are best suited for her?

Patient's naked visual acuity is 6/100. After refraction, visual acuity was conducted again and thru the new prescription, her VA is 6/60. Patient wants to read the blackground whose common font size (or visual acuity) is 6/12. The line after 6/12 is 6/9. Calculate the magnification needed for the telescope.

The patient's naked visual acuity is 20/200. After refraction, thru the new prescription his VA is 20/50. Patient wants to see signages whose font size/ visual acuity is 20/30. The line after20/30 is 20/25. Calculate the magnification needed for the telescope.

Elmo is a geriatric low vision patient. He is enthusiatic to try low vision aids, but he is concerned that he might not be able to hold it for longer periods of time. Which of the following low vision devices are best suited for him?

i. Galiliean telescope

ii. Keplerian telescope

iii. stand magnifier

iv. contact lenses

Which of the following has the poorest image quality?

The following are true about telescopes except:

i. image formed in astronomical telescopes are loacted at the 2nd nodal pt.

ii. Prism is needed to make the image upright in terrestrial telescopes.

iii. Terrestrial telescopes are not recommended in patients with great visual field loss.

iv. Astronomical telescopes are recommended with patients with restricted manual dexterity