The taxonomic kingdom of lower plants.

Plants that have a single cotyledon or seed-leaf. They also have:

*fibrous roots

*leaves with parallel veins

*flower petals in groups of 3's

*Ex: corn, grasses, daylilies...

Plants that have two seed leaves or cotyledons (most other vegetables).

Their leaf veins branch in a pinnate pattern along a main vein, or palmate pattern from the leaf base.

Their flowers have petals in groups of 4's and 5's.

Their have tap root systems.

Completes its life cycle in two years:

Year 1 = growing vegetative parts and storing food.

Year 2 = flowering and fruiting stage.

They die off after producing flowers and fruits.

Major components in the tree canopy layer, these woody vines play a crucial role in the forest's ecology, connecting trees and providing habitats for animals. 

• Can be very long, some reaching up to 3,000 feet long. 

• Examples:

• Wisteria: Known for its beautiful, fragrant flowers, Passiflora (Passionflower), Hoya (Wax Plant), Rattan, Poison Ivy, Trumpet Creeper, Wild Grape: also known as scuppernong, or muscadine, Virginia Creeper, English Ivy, Coral Honeysuckle, Clematis...