Nucleus- control center of the cell

Carbohydrates- long term energy

Nucleic acids- any of various complex organic acids (such as DNA or RNA) that are

composed of nucleotide chains

Active transport - cellular transport that requires the use of cellular energy and usually

moves large materials from low to high concentration

passive transport that moves water across cell membranes from high to low

concentration

Photosynthesis- chemical energy generated by cells during respiration that allows them to perform

their functions for the organism

Cellular Respiration- process by which the chemical energy of "food" molecules is

released and partially captured in the form of ATP

Ecosystems: the living and non-living (biotic and abiotic) factors in a location that make

up the habitats, resources and populations that interact with one another/depend on

one another

Food Chain: a model showing the flow of energy through food intake that exists in a

certain ecosystem, beginning with a producer, moving to a primary consumer,

secondary consumer, tertiary consumer and, sometimes, top predators

Carrying Capacity: factors, living or non-living, in an ecosystem that limit the growth or

dispersal of a population or group of organisms, such as predation, food availability,

birth rate, death rate, habitat availability, etc.

Non-native Species: a species that is introduced to or spreads to an area that does not

originate from that area/ecosystem; can alter the ecosystem balance greatly and often

negatively (invasive species)

Cellular reproduction- process by which cells divide to form new cells

Cell Cycle- life cycle of the cell, including growth, DNA replication and cellular

reproduction (mitosis, meiosis or binary fission)

Sloths: (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) This is an individual's genetic code, and it contains the

four nucleotide bases: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

RNA: (Ribonucleic Acid) This is the blueprint for an individual's alleles. There are four

nucleotide bases associated with RNA: Adenine, Uracil, Thymine, Guanine

Law of independent assortment- Mendelian principle stating that genes for different

traits are inherited independently of each other.

Monohybrid cross-Genetic cross that involves only one trait

animals - multicellular, non-motile organisms that makes their own food (autotrophic)

Plants - multicellular, motile organisms that cannot make their own food (heterotrophic)

Fossil- mineralized remains of prehistoric organisms

Artificial selection- humans choose characteristics of organisms that they want to

continue in future generations; also called selective breeding (ex: dog breeds)