_____ channels use chemical messengers like hormones and neurotransmitters to open and close.

Electrical equilibrium can be maintained by repulsion of Na+ due to the accumulation of positive charge inside the cell.

What event is this: Na+ influx, membrane turns more positive

Ion concentrations are regulated homeostatically, so equilibrium potentials should change often.

resting membrane potential voltage ranges from:

Identify: cell body, contains nucleus

Na+ _____ the cell passively via channels. There is a ____ concentration of Na+ inside the cell than outside.

What event is this: too much K+ is let out, membrane turns more negative

Identify: AKA "trigger zone" where action potantial is generated

What are two factors affecting AP propagation?

What event is this: K+ efflux, membrane returns to its negative state

K+ _____ the cell passively via channels. There is a ____ concentration of K+ inside the cell than outside.

Sheath that surrounds the entire muscle

Identify: projections that extrude from cell body, site of signal input

Choose incorrect answer choice: Grade potentials can...

Sheath that surrounds fascicles

Which is the thick myofilament?

Ca +2 _____ the cell passively via channels. There is a ____ concentration of Ca +2 inside the cell than outside.

What are some functions of skeletal muscle?

Sheath that surrounds each muscle fiber

Which is the thin myofilament?

actively blocking myosin-binding sites on actin

What makes a motor unit?

Autoimmune disorder where body produces antibodies which target ACh receptors and cause muscle weakening.

What event is this: cross bridge formation

What event is this: Ca 2+ reentry into the SR

Greater tension requires more muscle fibers recruited

Excitation-Contraction coupling starts when:

The inability to contract despite continued stimulation:

major responsibility for producing specific movement

opposes or reverses movement

The pectoralis major produces flexion while latissimus dorsi produces extension. The latissimus dorsi serves as a:

When biceps contract to pick up a book or a chair is an example of an:

Laying a book down causes biceps to lengthen while generating a force. This is an example of an:

"stalemate" during an arm wrestling match or doing pushups against a wall

When the muscle can stretch to its normal resting length and beyond after contraction

Which muscle fiber has the fastest muscle twitch? Tybe II/b?

What type of lever is this?

Criteria for naming muscles:

When effort is applied between fulcrum and load.

Maximus, Minimus, Longus are all examples of:

Collection of disorders associated with nerves, muscles, tendons, bones, and related blood vessels

The temporalis is examples of:

What type of lever is this

Skeletal muscle that is regularly stimulated atrophies

Anaerobic training requires no O2 or CO2

Exercise that lasts less than 10 seconds uses energy from the:

The glycolytic system is more for:

These muscle fibers are utilized only for sprinters.

This is an example of a:

What principle is this: different people will adapt to the same training program in different ways.

Aerobic training adaptations can:

the ability to maintain contractility over a wide range of lengths

Lactic acid build up can help with muscle fatigue.