Students are learning about the difference between how bright stars appear to be when viewed from Earth and how bright stars actually are. The students draw four stars at different distances from Earth. The stars are labeled by how bright they actually are, not by how bright they appear to be when viewed from Earth. The students want to know how bright these stars appear to be from Earth’s point of view. Which two statements are true based on the actual brightness of the stars?

Rena is studying four stars that are about the same actual size. She made this table showing the distances of four stars from Earth. Which star would appear to be largest when viewed from Earth?

The table shows the length of time it takes the planets in our solar system to orbit the sun. Which statement is the best explanation for the data in the table?

This table includes the characteristics of some of the objects found in our solar system.

Which can be used to tell scientists about the surface temperature of a star?

The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy with more than 100 billion stars. Students compare the Milky Way to a data table that lists features of five other galaxies. The distance of each galaxy from the Milky Way is given in light-years. A light-year contains millions of kilometers. Based on this data table, which galaxies are most likely the same type as the Milky Way galaxy?

The size of a galaxy is determined by measuring the distance across the widest part. The sizes of some galaxies are given in the table. There are many other galaxies, larger and smaller than the Milky Way, that are not included in the table. Based on the data, which statement correctly compares the Milky Way to other galaxies?

Students were given a kit containing model-making materials. The materials provided in the kit are listed in the table. What can be modeled using most of the materials provided in the kit?

Which is a huge collection of stars?

This diagram shows the eight planets and one dwarf planet in the solar system. Which object in the solar system is considered a dwarf planet?

Unlike Earth, the Moon has no ______.

Based on the sketches and table, which object is most likely a planet?

Which object is most likely a moon based on the characteristics shown?

Students observe the information for Object 2. Which conclusion is correct based on the object’s shape, composition, and orbit?

A student concludes that Object 4 is a comet. Which information best supports this conclusion?

Students observe the planets on the computer screen. They note that the outer planets move more slowly and have a larger orbit than the inner planets. Which question is best answered with this information?

Which is an object in the solar system that is a frozen mass of ice and dust?

What do comets and asteroids have in common?

Trey made this model of the inner solar system.

The model represents the sun-Earth-moon system. The numbers represent four positions of the moon in its orbit around Earth. Which number represents the location of the moon when it is in the new moon phase?

Which of this best describes the positions of the sun, the moon, and Earth during a solar eclipse?

Philip notices that the night sky is not as dark as it was early in the week. Choose the moon phase that follows the waning crescent moon.

Below are two different views of the Big Dipper. The Big Dipper is an example of a pattern called _____.

Based on the location of the dot on the foam ball, what is the reason for the difference in the seasons between December and June?

Which statement correctly describes how the number of daylight hours is different at different times of the year in Tennessee?

Which seasons are the correct labels for one of the dates on the model?

Jayne created the model shown. The X on the globe represents a city. What pattern is Jackie able to show with her model?

A student uses binoculars to observe how Ursa Major looks in the sky during different seasons of the year. Which of these most likely shows how Ursa Major looks in winter?

Students studying constellations noticed that some constellations, like the Big Dipper, can be seen in the Tennessee night sky all year long. Other constellations can be seen only during certain parts of the year. One of the students explained why some constellations can be seen only during certain parts of the year. 1. All stars appear to revolve around the North Star in the night sky. 2. The Big Dipper is close to the North Star, so it appears to move in a small circle around the North Star and stays above the horizon all year long. 3. Some constellations revolve farther away from the North Star than the Big Dipper does. 4. Since they are farther away, some constellations appear to move in a large circle around the North Star. 5. These circles are so large that part of them goes below the horizon. 6. Therefore, some constellations stay below the horizon at night during certain parts of the year. Which part of the student’s explanation best describes why some constellations stay below the horizon at night?

Rena is studying four stars that are about the same actual size. She made this table showing the distances of four stars from Earth.

Rena is studying four stars that are about the same actual size. She made this table showing the distances of four stars from Earth. Which star would have the greatest apparent brightness?

The picture on the right is known as:

What is the name of the constellation pictured above?

The pictures show butter and water in solid states. The melting point of each substance is shown. Students put solid butter and solid water on a table. The air temperature around the table is 20°C. Which statement describes the most likely state of each substance after 2 hours?