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MS Studies Semester Exam Review

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 3hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Mississippi is bordered by which four states?
a)
Texas, Kansas, New Mexico, and Arkansas
b)
Louisiana, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Alabama
c)
Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas
d)
Oregon, California, Nevada, and Arizona
2.
Mississippi has a ______________ climate.
a)
Tropical
b)
Mediterranean
c)
Humid-Subtropical
d)
None of these.
3.
The Mississippi River
a)
Forms the western border of the state of MS
b)
Is the longest river in the United States
c)
Is mostly navigable
d)
All of these
4.
Mississippi has _______ counties.
a)
77
b)
105
c)
82
d)
15
5.
Mississippi can be divided into _______ political/cultural regions.
a)
5
b)
15
c)
10
d)
20
6.
The hottest month on average in Mississippi is _____________.
a)
June
b)
July
c)
August
d)
May
7.
The coldest month on average in Mississippi is ____________.
a)
January
b)
February
c)
December
d)
November
8.
Which of the following natural disasters is LESS likely to happen in south Mississippi?
a)
Tornado
b)
Flooding
c)
Hurricane
d)
Earthquake
9.
Which statement does NOT describe Mississippi's relative location?
a)
Mississippi is located west of Alabama.
b)
Mississippi is located south of Tennessee
c)
Mississippi is to the north of the Gulf of Mexico
d)
Mississippi is located between 30° and 34'north latitude and between 88° and 91'west longitude.
10.
Which natural disaster is so common and so devastating in Mississippi that it forced Congress to pass legislation to put emergency plans and special infrastructure in place?
a)
Flooding
b)
Earthquakes
c)
Droughts
d)
Hail Storms
11.
How many major river systems does Mississippi have?
a)
6
b)
9
c)
8
d)
12
12.
Mississippi's river systems drain into what body/bodies of water?
a)
The Mississippi River
b)
Both a and d
c)
The Natchez River
d)
The Gulf of Mexico.
13.
The highest point in Mississippi is
a)
Pontotoc Ridge.
b)
Mt. Woodall
c)
Corinth Summit.
d)
Grandfather Mountain.
14.
Mississippi's annual temperature is around
a)
70 degrees
b)
88 degrees
c)
62 degrees
d)
90 degrees
15.
Which season is the most damaging time of year for flooding?
a)
Summer
b)
Spring
c)
Winter
d)
Fall
16.
Northwestern Mississippi sits on the _____________ fault line.
a)
New Orleans
b)
New Memphis
c)
New Madrid
d)
New Washington
17.
The name of the large military installation in the Coastal Meadows region is ___________.
a)
Keesler Air Force Base
b)
Eglin Air Force Base
c)
Holloman Air Force Base
d)
Eielson Air Force Base
18.
The _______________ region is the cultural center of Mississippi.
a)
Flatwoods
b)
Coastal Meadows
c)
Delta
d)
Brown Loam
19.
Which crop is the most valuable crop raised in MS?
a)
Corn
b)
Tomatoes
c)
Rice
d)
Cotton
20.
Hurricane season begins in what month?
a)
April
b)
May
c)
June
d)
August
21.
Hurricane season ends in what month?
a)
September
b)
December
c)
October
d)
November
22.
The state government is located in which of the following cities?
a)
Jackson
b)
Southaven
c)
Hattiesburg
d)
Tupelo
23.
About how many people currently live in Mississippi?
a)
6,000,000
b)
4,000,000
c)
3,000,000
d)
2,000,000
24.
What is the major source of income in Mississippi?
a)
Sales Tax
b)
Ad Valorem Tax
c)
Progressive Incomes
d)
Welfare
25.
How long is one term a governor could serve in Mississippi?
a)
2 years
b)
6 years
c)
4 years
d)
Unlimited
26.
The first group of Europeans to visit (explore) Mississippi were the
a)
Spanish.
b)
French.
c)
Dutch.
d)
English.
27.
Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette turned around before completing their exploration of the Mississippi River when they
a)
ran into hostile Native Americans.
b)
concluded that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, not China
c)
ran out of food.
d)
found the river had become unnavigable.
28.
The first European settlement in Mississippi was
a)
Fort Rosalie.
b)
Fort Maurepas.
c)
Fort St. Pierre.
d)
Fort Dearborn.
29.
The original name for the town Natchez was
a)
Fort St. Pierre.
b)
Fort Rosalie.
c)
Fort Maurepas.
d)
Fort Dearborn.
30.
Mississippi officially came under British control after the
a)
American Revolution.
b)
French and Indian War.
c)
Civil War.
d)
War of 1812.
31.
The United States was given the right to "deposit" goods in New Orleans in the
a)
Pinckney Treaty.
b)
Treaty of Ghent.
c)
Treaty of Paris of 1783.
d)
Treaty of Paris of 1763.
32.
When the United States began to govern Mississippi, the largest segment of its population was
a)
French.
b)
English.
c)
Creole.
d)
Native American.
33.
The first territorial governor of Mississippi was
a)
William McGuire.
b)
Winthrop Sargent.
c)
Daniel Tilton.
d)
John Steele.
34.
The Mississippi Territory was later divided into two states, Mississippi and
a)
Tennessee.
b)
Arkansas.
c)
Louisiana.
d)
Alabama.
35.
The original name for Jackson, MS was
a)
Le Fleur's Bluff.
b)
Fort Rosalie.
c)
Fort LeBoeuf.
d)
St. Pierre.
36.
During the early 1800s, who were the only people allowed to vote?
a)
white males.
b)
white males who owned land
c)
white men and women.
d)
African Americans who owned land
37.
In the Natchez tribe, who held the most power?
a)
All of the classes were equal
b)
Nobility
c)
Commoners
d)
Chief
38.
Who was the influential Spanish governor of the Mississippi and Louisiana colonies who was religiously tolerant and oversaw growth in the population and economy?
a)
Henri de Tonti
b)
Manuel Gayoso de Lemos
c)
Bernardo de Galvez
d)
Hernando de Soto
39.
Most tribal religions centered around
a)
The Moon
b)
The Sun
c)
Water
d)
The Wind
40.
What was La Salle's colony in South Mississippi named for a king?
a)
Mobile
b)
Mississippi
c)
Louisiana
d)
Texas
41.
The Natchez chief was called the
a)
Great Chief
b)
Great Sun
c)
Great Leader
d)
Holy Leader
42.
What was the nickname for the Natchez Trace?
a)
The Devil's Backbone
b)
The Devil's Tail
c)
The Devil's Child
d)
The Devil's Wife
43.
The first public building built in Mississippi was
a)
A governor's mansion
b)
A jailhouse
c)
A church
d)
A school
44.
Who was the second territorial governor of Mississippi that moved the capital from Natchez to Washington to curve wealthy planter control of the territorial government?
a)
David Holmes
b)
Andrew Jackson
c)
Winthrop Sargent
d)
WCC Claiborne
45.
Mississippi's territorial government lasted
a)
20 years
b)
30 years
c)
15 years
d)
10 years
46.

According to the table above, how many people lived in the United States in 1860?

a)
315,130
b)
31,513,000
c)
31,513
d)
3,151,300
47.

  According to the table above, from 1810 to 1860 how many more people were living in Mississippi?

a)
790
b)
700
c)
740
d)
780
48.
ALL of the following were Hernando DeSoto's goals when exploring the Southeast, EXCEPT ______?
a)
Kill rival explorers
b)
Claim Land for Spain
c)
Find Silver
d)
Find Gold
49.
Which of the following were the major routes of trade in and out of Mississippi during the territorial period?
a)
The Natchez Trace
b)
The Jackson Highway
c)
The Mississippi River
d)
The Blues Trail
50.
What were the Union Army's major objectives/goals in Mississippi?
a)
Recapture the Mississippi River in order to reopen trade.
b)
Free all slaves located on plantations in the Mississippi Delta.
c)
Split the Confederacy in half to stop the flow of supplies from west to east.
d)
Seize the major rail terminals to stop the flow of supplies and troops from west to east.
51.
The Compromise of 1850 admitted the free state of
a)
California.
b)
Kansas.
c)
Texas.
d)
Maine.
52.
The practice of allowing the people who lived in an area to decide whether or not to allow slavery is known as
a)
popular vote.
b)
majority rule.
c)
popular sovereignty.
d)
electoral majority.
53.

According to the information in the table above, why did Abraham Lincoln win the election of 1860?

a)
He did not have most of the popular vote.
b)
He had the majority of the popular vote and electoral vote.
c)
He had neither the majority of the popular vote nor the electoral vote.
d)
He carried every state in the nation.
54.
According to the table, which candidate in the election of 1860 received the most votes in Mississippi?
a)
Abraham Lincoln
b)
John Bell
c)
Stephen A. Douglas
d)
John Breckinridge
55.
According to the table, which candidate received the least number of votes in Mississippi?
a)
John Breckinridge
b)
Abraham Lincoln
c)
Stephen A. Douglas
d)
John Bell
56.
According to the table, which candidate received the least number of popular votes in the United States?
a)
John Breckinridge
b)
Abraham Lincoln
c)
Stephen A. Douglas
d)
John Bell
57.
Slaves Codes were created in the South to do what?
a)
Punish Landowners
b)
Create equality among slaves
c)
Manage the slave population
d)
Give slaves their freedom
58.
In 1832, the capital of Mississippi was moved to
a)
Natchez
b)
Gulfport
c)
Biloxi
d)
Jackson
59.
94. The first major university in Mississippi was
a)
Mississippi State
b)
Delta State University
c)
University of Mississippi
d)
Jackson State University
60.
A bill that was introduced to Congress in 1846 that attempted to end the spread of slavery in the new territories was
a)
The Wilmot Proviso
b)
The Act to End the Work of Satan
c)
The Abolitionist Manifesto
d)
The Act to End Slavery in California
61.
A tax placed on manufactured goods imported into a country is called a
a)
Anti-Trade Tariff
b)
Protective Tariff
c)
Tariff of Success
d)
Support Tariff
62.
What country were free Blacks sent to by the Mississippi Colonization Society?
a)
Ghana
b)
Haiti
c)
Uganda
d)
Liberia
63.
By 1860, public schools were only in session for
a)
11 months of the year
b)
5 months of the year
c)
3 months of the year
d)
9 months of the year
64.
The Civil War officially ended when the Confederates surrendered to the United Stated at
a)
Vicksburg
b)
Appomattox Court House.
c)
Gettysburg.
d)
Atlanta.
65.
The Civil War began in what year?
a)
1861
b)
1865
c)
1863
d)
1869
66.
The Civil War ended in what year?
a)
1861
b)
1865
c)
1863
d)
1869
67.
Why did Mississippi feel the need to call for a special election for governor in 1851?
a)
The previous Governor and Lt. Governor were convicted of a crime
b)
To gauge how the public felt about slavery and secession
c)
To gauge how the public felt about the issue of Native American Removal
d)
To gauge how the public felt about the state of the economy
68.
After the Union troops took over New Orleans and Memphis, the only remaining Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River was
a)
Natchez.
b)
Greenville.
c)
Memphis.
d)
Vicksburg.
69.
The Constitution of 1832 was extremely important because it removed
a)
The land qualification to vote
b)
Slaves from their owners
c)
Women from office
d)
All Native Americans from the land
70.
Before the year of 1832, the largest group of voters was
a)
African Americans.
b)
White Men and Women
c)
Land owning White Males
d)
Poor White Males
71.
The Missouri Compromise admitted the slave state of Missouri and the free state of
a)
Kansas.
b)
California.
c)
Maine.
d)
Vermont.
72.
The second state to secede from the United States was
a)
Mississippi.
b)
South Carolina.
c)
Louisiana.
d)
Texas.
73.
Who was chosen to lead the Confederate States of America (became president)?
a)
Alexander Stephens
b)
Lucius Q.C. Lamar
c)
Jefferson Davis
d)
John C. Calhoun
74.
The Republican candidate in the presidential election of 1860 was
a)
Abraham Lincoln.
b)
John Bell.
c)
Stephen A. Douglas.
d)
John Breckinridge.
75.
The main purpose for railroad construction in pre-Civil War Mississippi was
a)
To move people from place to place
b)
To get food supplies from place to place more quickly
c)
To ensure troops could be moved quickly in case of an Indian attack
d)
To get cotton to river ports so it could be shipped to market
76.
Which of the following was the largest BAWI project built in Mississippi during the 1920s and 1930s?
a)
Rodgers Vegetable Canning Plant
b)
Ingalls Shipyard
c)
Mercedes Car Production Factory
d)
HWS Lumber Company
77.
Which of the following about the BAWI program was an incentive to get more northern companies to move to Mississippi?
a)
Establishing an integrated university in MS to train highly skilled workers
b)
Allowing companies to treat their employees however they wished
c)
Giving large tax breaks to companies willing to move to MS
d)
Allowing companies to have a vote in the state legislature if they moved to MS
78.
What term means "separation of the races?"
a)
Segregation
b)
Holocaust
c)
Discrimination
d)
Integration
79.
Which of the following best describes the main mission of the Farmer's Alliance in Mississippi during the early 1900s?
a)
Promotion and organization of small farmers to get more involved in politics by paying the $2.00 poll tax
b)
The abolition of the convict lease System and poll tax in Mississippi
c)
Promotion and support of plantation owners wishes to re-establish slavery in Mississippi
d)
The establishment of a segregated public and private school network in Mississippi
80.
Black individuals and communities during the early 20ᵗʰ century placed a very high value on ___________ because it gave them a place to be themselves.
a)
private homes
b)
churches
c)
town halls
d)
schools
81.
The majority Black legislative district created in the 1890s that ensured that Blacks would always be outvoted in the Mississippi Legislature was called
a)
The Horseshoe District
b)
The Shoetie District
c)
The Shoestring District
d)
The Bowtie District
82.
What small insect caused mass panic during the 1920s because of its infestation of Mississippi cotton fields?
a)
Boll Weevils
b)
Mosquitoes
c)
Honey Bees
d)
Fruit Flies
83.
Which of the following amendments to the US Constitution saw women gain the right to vote?
a)
20th Amendment
b)
13th Amendment
c)
19th Amendment
d)
22nd Amendment
84.
Which of the following events describes the mass exodus of Blacks from south to north during the 1900s?
a)
The Blues Trail Travels
b)
The Great Migration
c)
The Trail of Tears
d)
The Harlem Renaissance
85.
Which court case established the concept of Separate but Equal and helped create Jim Crow laws in the South?
a)
Brown vs. Board of Education
b)
Nicholas vs. Cole
c)
Plessy vs. Ferguson
d)
Hunter vs. Thompson
86.
A cost cutting measure to help Mississippi pay for the prison system that became a national embarrassment due to its harsh treatment of "rented out" prison workers and its similarity to slavery.
a)
Mississippi Reform Program
b)
Convict Lease System
c)
Landowner-Prisoner Program
d)
Mississippi Prisoner Auction System
87.
What group of people did Mississippi try to recruit for the labor force during the Great Migration?
a)
Australians
b)
Chinese
c)
Indians
d)
South Americans
88.
Process of electing politicians where an individual registers to run for office and goes through a primary election with several opponents and then a general election that chooses a winner between two candidates.
a)
American Conventional System
b)
Democratic Election Process
c)
Convention Process
d)
Direct Primary System
89.
Which of the following amendments to the US Constitution granted citizenship and protection under the law to all people born on US soil regardless of race.
a)
15th Amendment
b)
13th Amendment
c)
14th Amendment
d)
19th Amendment
90.
Process of electing politicians where party officials nominate several candidates and then release their names to the public who then vote on them.
a)
Direct Primary System (New Redneck way)
b)
American Conventional System
c)
Democratic Election Process
d)
Convention Process (Old Bourbon way)
91.
Which three industries were created or formed in Mississippi after the Boll Weevil Crisis to help balance agriculture and business in the economy?
a)
fishing, farming, and the entertainment industry
b)
lumber production, dairy farming, canning
c)
Farming, catfish production, trucking
d)
fishing, gambling, tourism
92.
In order to recoup the losses from lack of cotton production in the 1920s, Mississippi did which of the following to help balance the state's budget?
a)
Tried to re-establish slavery
b)
Raised the taxes on farm goods and tools
c)
Passed laws that stated farmers must grow more cotton in the upcoming years
d)
Passed a sales tax
93.
Mississippi governor elected after Bourbon Democrats returned to power. Became the longest serving governor in Mississippi's history and helped write the Constitution of 1890.
a)
John Stone
b)
L.Q.C Lamar
c)
Nathan Bedford Forrest
d)
Dwight Truman
94.
Segregation based on law that requires separate facilities for different races (was found in the south) is called
a)
De Facto Segregation
b)
De More Segregation
c)
De Jure Segregation
d)
De Lecture Segregation
95.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, which of the following types of people controlled most of the wealth, land and business in Mississippi after the decline in cotton prices?
a)
Bankers
b)
Legislators
c)
Merchants
d)
Sharecroppers
96.
Which of the following amendments in the US Constitution abolished slavery in the United States?
a)
13th Amendment
b)
16th Amendment
c)
15th Amendment
d)
11th Amendment
97.
Most sharecroppers were required to grow only this crop
a)
Corn
b)
Potatoes
c)
Cotton
d)
Soy Beans
98.
What event during the 1920s caused farmers to begin shifting away from growing cotton?
a)
The Boll Weevil Crisis
b)
The Great Sharecroppers Revolt of 1921
c)
The Great Wildfire of 1929
d)
The Great Flood of 1927
99.
The individual who led the late Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi and is credited with integrating the Democratic Party is
a)
James Meredith
b)
Clyde Kennard
c)
Fannie Lou Hamer
d)
Medgar Evers
100.
The person convicted in 1994 of killing civil rights worker Medgar Evers.
a)
Harvey Lee Oswald
b)
James Earl Ray
c)
John Hinckley Jr.
d)
Byron de la Beckwith
101.
What was the major political issue in Mississippi during the 1940s and 1950s?
a)
Growth of Industry
b)
Investigation into corruption
c)
Abolition of Sharecropping
d)
School Integration
102.
In what year did the Supreme Court rule that segregation was illegal and that all public facilities must integrate?
a)
1954
b)
1945
c)
1971
d)
1902
103.
Which statement BEST describes why the Emmett Till case painted a poor picture of Mississippi?
a)
Till was beaten and his body was thrown in a river.
b)
Till's accused murderers, who later admitted their guilt, were acquitted.
c)
Till was a black boy who allegedly made a pass at a white woman.
d)
Till was a northern black boy who was killed in Mississippi.
104.
Which of the following groups did Fannie Lou Hamer help establish?
a)
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
b)
White Citizens Council (WCC)
c)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
d)
Freedom Democratic Party (FDP)
105.
What is Interposition?
a)
A state being forced to abide by Federal Law
b)
The right to vote
c)
The ability of a state to disregard a Federal Law
d)
The desire to end slavery
106.
The first African American to openly attempt to enroll at Ole Miss was
a)
Malcolm X.
b)
Fannie Lou Hamer.
c)
Medgar Evers.
d)
James Meredith.
107.
Which of the following pieces of legislation removed all obstacles that kept blacks from voting and required the federal government to oversee the election process in former Jim Crow states to make sure voting was fair?
a)
The Act Against Mississippi of 1971
b)
The Civil Rights Act of 1966
c)
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
d)
The Election Reform of 1980
108.
Civil Rights leader who was assassinated by Byron de la Beckwith for his support of equality and civil rights.
a)
John Kennedy
b)
Sam Bowers
c)
Clyde Kennard
d)
Medgar Evers
109.
What group was it necessary to be a part of to be in government in MS in 1954?
a)
White Citizens Council
b)
SNCC
c)
The KKK
d)
Freedom Democratic Party
110.
State organization overseen by Governor JP Coleman that spied on individuals believed to be Civil Rights supporters.
a)
The Department of Espionage
b)
The Commission of Civil Rights
c)
The Governor's Reporting Commission
d)
The Sovereignty Commission
111.
Which African American was mistaken for a white man when entering Ole Miss?
a)
Medgar Evers
b)
James Meredith
c)
Clyde Kennard
d)
Harry Murphy
112.
The _________________ conducted sit-ins (organized passive protests) especially against racial segregation
a)
Students Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
b)
White Citizens Council (WCC) Committee (SNCC)
c)
Southern Christian Leadership
d)
Freedom Democratic Party (FDP)
113.
Which of the following pieces of legislation made it illegal to discriminate against an individual based on race, color, sex, or national origin?
a)
The Act to End Hate of 1999
b)
The Act of Integration of 2000
c)
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
d)
The Voting Rights Act of 1980
114.
Which court case ruled that segregation was illegal?
a)
Loving v. Virginia
b)
Brown v. Board of Education
c)
Marbury v. Madison
d)
Miranda v. Arizona
115.
Which state did this class focus on?
a)
Tennessee
b)
Southaven
c)
Mississippi
d)
DeSoto County
116.
Select  Select ALL of Mississippi’s CULTURAL regions.
a)
The Delta
b)
Capital River Region
c)
The Hills
d)
The Flatwoods
117.
Mississippi hosts thousands of ponds in which a certain type of fish is farmed. This has caused Mississippi to earn the nickname of ___________ capital of the world.?
a)
Bass
b)
Bream
c)
Catfish
d)
Crappie
118.
How many constitutions has Mississippi had?
a)
6
b)
9
c)
2
d)
4
119.
Sources of revenue for state DO NOT include
a)
sin tax
b)
sales tax
c)
ad valorem tax
d)
state income tax
120.
Mississippi counties are governed by...
a)
city governments
b)
city councils
c)
board of supervisors
d)
board of aldermen
121.
The main source of revenue for a city/county is the
a)
state income tax
b)
sin tax
c)
sales tax
d)
ad valorem tax
122.
The current Mississippi constitution was written in
a)
1992
b)
1890
c)
1817
d)
1868
123.
The current governor of Mississippi is
a)
Phil Bryant
b)
Darren Musselwhite
c)
Tate Reeves
d)
Parker Pickle
124.
The current mayor of Southaven is
a)
Phil Bryant
b)
Darren Musselwhite
c)
Tate Reeves
d)
Parker Pickle
125.
The largest general fund in MS is....
a)
government supplies
b)
public education
c)
welfare
d)
ad valorem
126.
Southaven became incorporated in....
a)
1992
b)
1997
c)
1980
d)
1990
127.
Mississippi became a state on
a)
March 10, 1913
b)
August 10, 1802
c)
June 10, 1894
d)
December 10, 1817
128.
When Europeans came to Mississippi, which Native American tribe was NOT located there?
a)
Natchez
b)
Apache
c)
Chickasaw
d)
Choctaw
129.

Gave protection to small tribes

a)

Natchez

b)

Choctaw

c)

Chickasaw

130.

Society based around warfare

a)

Natchez

b)

Choctaw

c)

Chickasaw

131.

Strong enemies of the French; attacked Ft Rosalie

a)

Natchez

b)

Choctaw

c)

Chickasaw

132.

Largest tribe in Mississippi

a)

Natchez

b)

Choctaw

c)

Chickasaw

133.

Nicknamed Spartans of the New World

a)

Natchez

b)

Choctaw

c)

Chickasaw

134.

Only remaining tribe in Mississippi

a)

Natchez

b)

Choctaw

c)

Chickasaw

135.

Joined the Chickasaw after being massacred

a)

Natchez

b)

Choctaw

c)

Chickasaw

136.

Allies to the French

a)

Natchez

b)

Choctaw

c)

Chickasaw

137.

Anti Slavery

a)

North

b)

South

138.

For states' rights/weak federal government

a)

North

b)

South

139.

Anti-protective tariffs

a)

North

b)

South

140.

Pro-protective tariff

a)

North

b)

South

141.

Reliance on industry and export to make money

a)

North

b)

South

142.

Reliance on slave labor

a)

North

b)

South

143.

Manufacturing Economy

a)

North

b)

South

144.

Mostly rural

a)

North

b)

South

145.

Wanted a strong federal government

a)

North

b)

South

146.

Had a plantation economy

a)

North

b)

South

147.

Confederate commander that was put in charge of Vicksburg

a)

Pemberton

b)

Lincoln

c)

Grant

d)

Sherman

148.

President of the Union

a)

Pemberton

b)

Lincoln

c)

Grant

d)

Sherman

149.

Union leader of the invasion of Vicksburg

a)

Pemberton

b)

Lincoln

c)

Grant

d)

Sherman

150.

Union General that finished capturing MS and led a brutal campaign called "The March to the Sea"

a)

Pemberton

b)

Lincoln

c)

Grant

d)

Sherman