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AP Euro Semester 1 Review

Total questions: 128

Worksheet time: 2hrs 36mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What are some key characteristics of Renaissance art and architecture?

a)

Gothic, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical

b)

Abstract, futuristic, minimalistic, asymmetrical

c)

Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, Fauvism

d)

Realism, perspective, humanism, classical elements

2.
What is the artistic technique that is used to show depth and distance on a flat surface?
a)
realism
b)
perspective
c)
idealism
d)
distancism
3.
Where did the Renaissance begin?
a)
Italy
b)
France
c)
England
d)
Germany
4.
Which of the following is associated with Humanism?
a)
the ideas of the middle ages
b)
the ideas of Greece & Rome
c)
the ideas of ancient China
d)
the ideas of ancient India
5.
"The end justifies the means" was a key belief of this man, who wrote "The Prince" 
a)
Machiavelli
b)
Castiglione
c)
Shakespeare 
d)
Petrarch
6.
The printing press encouraged more authors to write in the vernacular, which means what?
a)
journal
b)
latin
c)
native language
d)
public restroom
7.
Who taught predestination?
a)
John Calvin
b)
Martin Luther
c)
Zwingli
d)
Erasmus
8.
This group was established to spread Catholicism around the world 
a)
Huguenots
b)
Lutherans 
c)
Jesuits
d)
Monks
9.
Who was the Holy Roman Emperor that outlawed Martin Luther?
a)
Henry VIII
b)
Charles V
c)
Frederick of Saxony
d)
Johan Tetzel
10.
What were the results of the Protestant Reformation?
a)
The Catholic Church tried to overthrow the secular rulers of Europe.
b)
It ended religious unity in Europe and started a century of religious warfare and persecution.
c)
There were 2 popes, one in Italy and one in France and they excommunicated each other.
11.
An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.
a)
Capitalism
b)
Megellan
c)
Colonies
d)
Mercantilism
12.
The global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of the Americas.
a)
Columbian Exchange
b)
Middle Passage
c)
Capitalism
d)
Colonization
13.
What is divine right?
a)
The right to rule was given to the monarch by God
b)
a Birth right
c)
soldiers for hire
d)
a monarch for hire
14.
Which person is credited with saying "L' etat, c' est moi" (I am the state)?
a)
Louis XIV
b)
John Locke
c)
Karl Marx
d)
Queen Isabella
15.
Who strengthened the French monarchy during the reign of Louis XIII?
a)
Colbert
b)
Rousseau
c)
Mazarin
d)
Richelieu
16.
Who was overthrown in the Glorious Revolution?
a)
Louis XIV
b)
Charles I
c)
James II
d)
William and Mary
17.
Who took the throne during the Glorious Revolution?
a)
Louis XIV
b)
Charles I
c)
James II
d)
William and Mary
18.
In the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary signed the _________, which forever limited the power of English kings and allowed Parliament to grow in power since they represented the people.
a)
English Bill of Rights
b)
Constitution
c)
Declaration of Independence
d)
Articles of Confederation
19.
Charles II of Spain dies childless. The throne was to be given to the Frenchman Philip II. The other countries of Europe did not want these superpowers to be united.
a)
Edict of Nantes
b)
Intendants
c)
Maria Theresa
d)
War of Spanish Succession
20.
(1756-1763) Conflict fought in Europe and its overseas colonies; in North America, known as the French and Indian War. Worldwide struggle between France and Great Britain for power and control of land.
a)
Thirty Year's War
b)
Seven Year's War
c)
Maria Theresa
d)
Divine Right
21.
(1717-1780) Queen of Austria; took power as a result of her father persuading other leaders to accept her; instituted some enlightened reforms (rights for serfs, education); ruled Austria 1740-1780.
a)
Peter the Great
b)
Maria Theresa
c)
cabinet
d)
Cardnial Richelieu
22.
(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to his new city of St. Petersburg.
a)
Peter the Great
b)
Frederick
c)
Oliver Cromwell
d)
Maria Theresa
23.
How did scientists begin challenging authority during the Scientific Revolution?  
a)
 By testing old beliefs using logic, math and observations
b)
 By reading classic literature
c)
By collecting samples of plant life
d)
 By forming new government ideas 
24.
Galileo was tried for heresy because he argued  
a)
That heaven did not exist
b)
That Earth revolved around the sun
c)
Against the law of gravity
d)
That the sun revolved around the Earth
25.
Who was the Enlightenment thinker to first suggest the separation of powers & checks and balances in government?  
a)
Voltaire
b)
John Locke
c)
Baron de Montesquieu
d)
Diderot
26.
Which Enlightenment philosopher argued for freedom of religion and free speech?    
a)
 Voltaire
b)
John Locke
c)
Baron de Montesquieu
d)
Rousseau
27.
Which of the following Enlightenment thinkers wrote extensively about his belief that people were born with “natural rights” (life, liberty, property)?    
a)
Voltaire
b)
John Locke
c)
Baron de Montesquieu
d)
Diderot
28.
Tsarina Catherine the Great built schools, hospitals, and promoted women's education. Historians categorize Catherine the Great as an:
a)
Enlightened Despot
b)
Bourgeoisie
c)
Capitalist
d)
Communist
29.
Which of the following was a reason why France was nearly bankrupt?
a)
The king lowered taxes 
b)
The king took their money to create jobs
c)
The king spent the taxes on wars and himself
d)
They had fought against the Americans in the revolution
30.
Which family ruled the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, and Spain?
a)
the Habsburgs
b)
the Hohenzollerns
c)
the Tudors
d)
the Stuarts
31.
Peter the Great want to change the culture to be more like the west. It was called
a)
Westernization
b)
Country Music
c)
Urbanization
d)
rural
32.
What did the Treaty of Westphalia do?
a)
Gave independence to the Netherlands and Switzerland
b)
Ended the Thirty Years War
c)
Gave more territory to France
d)
All of the above
33.
Who pioneered many advancements in agriculture, due largely to their large, dense population?
a)
French
b)
Russians
c)
Germans
d)
Dutch
34.
Niccolo Machiavelli is representative of individuals who
a)
received financial support from the Church for their scholarship.
b)
attempted to reform the Church through the Italian Renaissance.
c)
promoted secular models for individual and political behavior.
d)
articulated new theories of inductive and deductive reasoning.
35.
What do Petrarch and Pico della Mirandola share in common?
a)
Italian humanists promoting a revival of classical themes
b)
Christian humanists who tried to reform the church
c)
Artists who employed naturalism and geometric perspective
d)
Wealthy elite who patroned and commissioned great works of art
36.
Over the course of the 18th century, the balance of power shifted TOWARDS...
a)
France
b)
Britain
c)
Holy Roman Empire
d)
Spain
37.
John Calvin and the Anabaptists
a)
refused to recognize the subordination of church to state
b)
agreed to allow rulers to appoint bishops and clergy
c)
supported the reforms of the Council of Trent
d)
reconciled with other religious sects to create unity
38.
The Edict of Nantes and the Treaty of Westphalia were similar because they
a)
reaffirmed a measure of religious pluralism
b)
renounced Protestantism and promoted one Church over all
c)
strengthened two empires and upset the balance of power
d)
enhanced the power of parliaments and shared governance
39.
Similar to the Enlightenment, the Scientific Revolution was based primarily on the concept of...
a)
rejecting traditional beliefs
b)
creating natural rights
c)
ending the Ancien Regime
d)
challenging royal authority
40.
Baroque architecture differed from Neo-classical architecture in its
a)
strict geometric designs
b)
avoidance of any religious references
c)
rich use of symbolism and decoration
d)
subtle undermining of the authority of sovereign power
41.
An important factor in establishing French absolutism was the
a)
royal appointment of intendants to supervise provinces
b)
separation of the Roman Catholic Church & the French state
c)
increased power of the nobles in their localities
d)
royal ban on sales of bureaucratic offices and personal loans
42.
Politics over religion is known as
a)
politique
b)
real politik
c)
augsleich
d)
nationalism
43.
Promoted the Sun was center of universe, attempted to prove it mathematically and wrote his findings Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres 
a)
Aquinas 
b)
Brahe 
c)
Copernicus 
d)
Galileo 
44.

The discipline of natural philosophy focused on

a)

specific natural laws that governed all matter in the material universe

b)

fundamental questions about the nature, purpose, and function of the universe

c)

the application of ancient philosophy to theological questions

d)

theological principles that can be discovered in the study of nature

45.

Johannes Kepler believed that the elliptical orbit of planets...

a)

caused each planet to move at a uniform speed

b)

demonstrated the presence of Satan's disruptive influence in the universe

c)

was interspersed with epicycles and deferents

d)

was precisely related to the distance from the sun

46.

A striking feature of the salons was that

a)

Clerics were banned

b)

philosophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled

c)

they were often sponsered by the government

d)

members of the working classes often attended

47.

Voltaire was a deist who viewed God as akin to a

a)

loving father who intervened when necessary in human affairs.

b)

clockmaker who set the universe in motion and then ceased to intervene in human affairs.

c)

king who required Christians to be intolerant of any who did not worship him correctly.

d)

farmer who carefully tended his crops from planting through harvest.

48.

In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claimed that

a)

sovereign authority rests in the hands of the people.

b)

all people are born with certain ideas and ways of thinking.

c)

human development is determined by education and society.

d)

governments are formed by contracts among free individuals.

49.
Dutch humanist who wrote "In Praise of Folly"
a)
More
b)
Erasmus
c)
Machiavelli
d)
Van Eyck
50.

Who was the famous playwright that wrote Romeo & Juliet, Macbeth, Sonnets, etc.?

a)

Leonardo da Vinci

b)

William Shakespeare

c)

Michalangelo

d)

Rafael

51.
In addition to the conquest of the last Muslim outpost in Spain at Granada and Columbus' voyage to the Americas, which of the following occurred in 1492?
a)
The Spanish defeated the Turks at Lepanto
b)
The plague broke out in Spain
c)
The Jewish population was expelled from Spain
d)
Portugal was united with Spain
52.

Mercantilism was principally characterized by

a)

government efforts to build a strong, self-sufficient economy

b)

the efforts of the merchant class to influence policy by subsidizing the government

c)

the efforts of bankers and exporters to establish free trade

d)

the view that labor ought to be able to seek its own market

53.

Which of the following would be most adversely affected by the increase in the price of food?

a)

urban workers

b)

wealthy merchants

c)

the clergy

d)

the nobility

54.
The Renaissance was able to begin in Italy primarily because of
a)
the dominance of the Catholic Church in Italy
b)
strong alliances between Italian city-states
c)
Italy's strong sense of nationalism
d)
wealth created from Italy's extensive trade network
55.

Which of these changes occurred during the Renaissance?

a)

The Church was all-powerful.

b)

The Church’s power declined.

c)

Factories began using electricity.

d)

Women gained equal rights with men.

56.

What was Niccolò Machiavelli's main argument in his work The Prince?

a)

A ruler should do whatever is necessary to maintain power.

b)

A ruler should follow all of the teachings of the Catholic Church.

c)

A ruler should make his subjects as happy as possible.

d)

A ruler should strive to maintain equality and fairness.

57.
Which of these would be valued most by a Renaissance thinker who emphasized individualism?
a)
a nation's strength 
b)
a family's ancestors
c)
a person's achievements
d)
an army's success in battle
58.
Renaissance artist who painted The School of Athens
a)
Michelangelo
b)
Raphael
c)
Johann Guttenberg 
d)
Leonardo da Vinci
59.

What is an aristocrat?

a)

A type of greek cat

b)

A poor citizen of Rome

c)

A king or queens relatives

d)

Upper-class noblesmen

60.

What best describes the nature of the cultural changes that followed the European presence in the Americas?

a)

Native cultures were essentially destroyed by warfare.

b)

Native cultures were transformed by disease and warfare, but those societies also influenced European development.

c)

Native cultures were transformed by contact, while European cultures remained essentially unchanged.

d)

Both European and native cultures were devastated by disease and conflict related to their contact.

61.

Which of the following is true about the commercial revolution in Europe?

a)

Most of the money used for overseas commercial ventures came from European governments.

b)

Joint-stock companies provided the means for individual investors to profit from overseas commercial ventures.

c)

Private banking houses continued to be the standard financial institutions of the age of exploration.

d)

Most nations saw a reduction in tariffs and trade restrictions during the commercial revolution.

62.

The nation that first established trading posts in India launching the rapid expansion of the spice trade, was

a)

Portugal

b)

Spain

c)

the Netherlands

d)

France.

63.
How were the Spanish conquistadors able to conquer the New World?
a)
They prayed for the Native Americans.
b)
They became friends and traded goods with the Native Americans.
c)
They used advanced weapons to take control of the Native Americans.
d)
They paid them gold to work building colonies for them.
64.
Which of the following was NOT an effect of the slave trade on African society?
a)
Increased tribal warfare.
b)
Population decline, leading to a loss of workers.
c)
Families and communities were torn apart.
d)
Brought wealth to ALL African people.
65.
How did the discovery and colonization of the New World lead to international trade?
a)
It strengthened the Feudal system.
b)
Colonies provided raw materials and markets to sell to.
c)
Colonies discouraged international trade.
d)
It strengthened relations with Native Americans.
66.
Who was the Spanish priest that defended the rights of Indians?
a)
Bartelome' de las Casas
b)
Yanga
c)
Magellen
d)
Estavanico
67.
Under the Treaty of Tordesillas, the Pope divided the world between Spain and _____________ to settle competing claims of Atlantic discoveries.  (The nation that inspired Spain’s trade and search for wealth)
a)
Italy
b)
Netherlands
c)
Portugal
d)
English
68.
Which commodity strongly helped inspire the high demand for slaves in the Caribbean?
a)
Salt
b)
Sugar
c)
Silver
d)
Spices
69.
 The trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the New World became known as TRIANGULAR Trade.  The horrific conditions and time spent on the ships that carried slaves from Africa to the New World became known as the _______________  ________________.
a)
Global Exchange
b)
Colonial Trek
c)
Middle Passage
d)
Overseas Highway
70.

Why is the period from the 1500s and the 1700s called the Commercial Revolution?

a)

The European economy underwent great changes in basic economic practices.

b)

Traders began using advertising to convince people to buy goods.

c)

Peasants revolted and demanded factory work instead of farming.

d)

Improvements in ships allowed traders to travel great distances.

71.
What social class grew the quickest in the Commercial Revolution?
a)
Nobility
b)
Serfs
c)
Middle Class
d)
No class system increased
72.
What is the most essential element of a free- enterprise economy?
a)
 a booming economy
b)
Little government interference
c)
no bank loans
d)
A large middle class
73.
All of the following resulted from the Commercial Revolution EXCEPT:
a)
rise of banking industry
b)
rise of insurance industry
c)
shrinking of European economy
d)
sale of stock for business investment
74.
What was a result of the rise of the merchant class in Europe?
a)
The end of the Feudal system
b)
A decrease in the slave trade
c)
A decrease of wealth
d)
The end of the Ottoman Empire
75.
Who were considered heretics by the Spanish Inquisition?
a)
Muslims
b)
Jews
c)
anyone who disagreed with the Church
d)
All options are correct
76.
An economic system based on private ownership and the investment of resources,such as money, for profit.
a)
Mercantilism
b)
Caravel
c)
Capitalism
d)
Cortes
77.
This man is considered the father of the Christian Humanist movement
a)
Erasmus
b)
More
c)
Petrarch
d)
Machiavelli
78.

“I believed in empiricism and opposed the rationalism of Descartes

a)

Bacon

b)

Brahe

c)

Copernicus

d)

Pascal

79.

1. “I invented analytical geometry”

a)

Galileo

b)

Kepler

c)

Descartes

d)

Newton

80.

1. “Natural rights to life, liberty, and property”

(a)  

81.

1. “A capable astronomer, I was denied entry into the Berlin Academy”

a)

Cavendish

b)

Winkelmann

c)

Cunitz

d)

Du chatalet

82.

“Humans are naturally selfish and corrupt therefore a social contract must be forged between them and a strong, absolute ruler.

(a)  

83.

“I proved, mathematically, that the planets revolve around the sun elliptically.”

(a)  

84.

“All planets and all physical objects move through “mutual attraction” and is an explanation as to why there is no chaotic, irregular activity in the universe.”

a)

Galileo

b)

Newton

c)

Copernicus

d)

Pascal

85.

“I do not trust tradition or high authority to tell me what exists…I trust my ability to use rational thought, reason, and logic.”

a)

Locke

b)

Hobbes

c)

Descartes

d)

Bacon

86.

Who was the monarch that converted to quiet his Catholic opponents and laid the foundation for the absolute rule of the Bourbon Dynasty?

a)
Louis XIV of France
b)
Charles IX of France
c)
Francis I of France
d)
Henry IV of France
87.

Christian Humanism emphasized

a)

reading in the vernacular & reforming the Church.

b)

the Greco-Roman classical past as a model for behavior.

c)

a style of art that celebrated panoramic scenes of village life.

d)

political unity among the Low Countries to defend against French expansion.

88.

What was the Catholic Church's response to the Reformation called?

a)
Counter Reformation
b)
Reconquista
c)
Council of Trent
d)
Thirty Years' War
89.

Who was the Spanish monarch who involved Spain in a number of costly wars and felt that they were the leading defender of Catholicism?

a)
Queen Isabella
b)
King Ferdinand
c)
King Philip II
d)

King Charles V

90.

Who wrote the Decameron, a story about a group of 10 travelers during the black plague?

a)

Machiavelli

b)
Petrarch
c)

Mirandola

d)
Giovanni Boccaccio
91.

Who was the cousin of Queen Elizabeth I that became the monarch after she died?

a)
James I of England
b)
Elizabeth II
c)
Mary I of England
d)
Henry VIII
92.

Who came into power during the Bourbon Dynasty due to Louis XIII not being mature enough to be an effective ruler?

a)
Cardinal Richelieu
b)
Marie de Medici
c)
Cardinal Mazarin
d)
Louis XIV
93.
Oliver Cromwell created what type of government after the English Civil War?
a)
Democracy
b)
Monarchy
c)
Commonwealth
d)
Oligarchy
94.
The Glorious Revolution was "glorious" for all the following reasons EXCEPT
a)
It was bloodless (no one died)
b)
King James II worked with Parliament.
c)
Parliament passed the English Bill of Rights
d)
William and Mary agreed to respect Parliament.
95.
What was the last religious war in Europe which started when Catholic officials were thrown out a window?
a)
Seven Years' War
b)
War of the Austrian Succession
c)
Thirty Years' War
d)
Great Northern War
96.
Which group wanted to change the Church of England?
a)
Pilgrims
b)
Puritans
c)
Copperheads
d)
Cavaliers
97.
Which country was not controlled by members of the Hapsburg family?
a)
France
b)
Spain
c)
Holy Roman Empire
d)
Austria
98.
How many times was Poland partitioned by other European countries?
a)
One
b)
Two
c)
Three
d)
Four
99.

Wealthy non-noble landowners in the countryside (self-made rich) in England were called

a)

gentry

b)

bourgeoise

c)

Roundheads

d)

aristocracy

100.
What did the Edict of Nantes do?
a)
Ended the Thirty Years War
b)
Limited the power of English kings
c)
Gave religious freedom to French Protestants
d)
Took religious freedom away from French Protestants
101.

During the Age of Absolutism, European monarchs looked to

a)

Develop better relations with muslim rulers

b)

Centralize political power in their nations

c)

Encourage the growth of political farms

d)

Increase human rights for citizens

102.

Louis XIV built this massive, ornate palace -- largely funded by the taxpayers of his country.

a)

Windsor Castle

b)

Versailles

c)

St. Petersburg

d)

Fontainebleau

103.

Martin Luther was accused of starting the Peasant Rebellion

a)

true

b)

false

104.
What did the Catholic Church sell to forgive sins?
a)
Forgiveness
b)
Sacraments
c)
Indulgences
d)
Confession
105.
What was the meeting where Catholic officials reformed the church?
a)
Council of Trent
b)
Peace of Westphalia
c)
English Reformation
d)
Treaty of Nantes
106.
Why did Henry VIII create the Church of England?
a)
Divorce his wife
b)
Start war with Pope
c)
Religious differences with Catholics
d)
Liked Lutheranism
107.
Luther had to appear before Charles V at ________________.
a)
Diet of Worms
b)
Wittenberg Church
c)
Peace of Westphalia
d)
Roman Inquisition
108.
Luther's criticism of the Catholic Church was called what?
a)
Criticism of the Catholic Church
b)
95 Theses
c)
101 Problems with Catholics
d)
Chicken Soup for the Catholic Soul
109.
What was the Defenestration of Prague?
a)
Protestants hurled Catholic officials out a window
b)
the destruction of Prague
c)
the pillaging by Czechs of Prague
d)
Catholic killings of Protestant in Prague
110.

How did the Reformation challenge existing norms regarding women's roles?

a)

It reinforced traditional gender roles and limited women's participation in society.

b)

It had no impact on women's roles in society.

c)

It advocated for women's rights and equality.

d)

It provided opportunities for women to take on leadership roles in the church.

111.

How did civic governments respond to the challenges posed by the Reformation?

a)

They supported the Protestant reformers and implemented their teachings.

b)

They remained neutral and did not take a stance on religious matters.

c)

They took on the task of regulating public morals and implemented policies to address immoral behavior.

d)

They disbanded and gave up their authority to the Catholic Church.

112.

What was the main idea behind Martin Luther's challenge to the Catholic Church?

a)

Sola scriptura - people only needed the Bible

b)

Incremental reform of the Church

c)

Opposition to iconoclasm

d)

Support for religious pluralism

113.

The finance minister that balanced the French budget, drafted plans to boost manufacturing and keep jobs and purchasing domestically

a)

Jean Baptiste Colbert

b)

Cardinal Richelieu

c)

Louis XIV

d)

Robespierre

114.

Sweden lost its position as a formidable European power as a result of

a)

the Thirty Years' War

b)

the Great Northern War

c)

the War of Spanish Succession

d)

weak central government

115.
Who became leader of England directly after the English Civil War?
a)
William and Mary
b)
Oliver Cromwell
c)
Charles II
d)
James I
116.

Which of the following became a British possession as a result of the treaty that ended the War of the Spanish Succession?

a)

Jamaica

b)

Gibraltar

c)

Canada

d)

India

117.

In the 18th century, the principle economic activity of the Netherlands was

a)

banking and maritime commerce

b)

tulip cultivation

c)

timber production and export

d)

agricultural production

118.
The ability of one branch of government to limit the power of the other is called ___.
a)
a natural law
b)
checks and balances
c)
a social contract
d)
laissez-faire
119.
An agreement between people and the government to give up some rights for safety and protection
a)
Philosophers
b)
Democracy
c)
Social Contract
d)
Divine Right of Kings
120.
Voltaire was a big believer in which of the following?
a)
Freedom of Speech
b)
People are born wicked
c)
People are born free and equal
d)
The social contract
121.
Wrote the book, Leviathan, during the English Civil War
a)
Hobbes
b)
Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Locke
122.
A book that Montesquieu wrote was entitled
a)
The Social Contract
b)
Two Treatises of Government
c)
On the Spirit of the Laws
d)
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
123.
Immanuel Kant's main writings centered on which question?
a)
A) How can religious ideas be proven rationally?
b)
B) How should a democratic society be organized?
c)
C) How do humans learn about the way the world works?
d)
D) How do humans react to new technological innovations?
124.
During the English Restoration, Parliament  
a)
set up a Commonwealth
b)
ordered Charles l execution
c)
set up Martial law
d)
returned the monarchy to England
125.
The King that Parliament forced to Sign the Petition of Rights was?
a)
James I
b)
William
c)
Charles I
d)
Edward
126.
Rousseau wrote, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." What kind of government did he favor in order to insure greater freedom?
a)
An absolute monarchy
b)
An enlightened monarchy
c)
An Oligarchy
d)
A popularly elected government
127.
The policy of allowing businesses to operate with little to no government influence
a)
Lassiez faire
b)
mercantilism
c)
Free-enterprise
128.

Which work of art was created by Michelangelo?

a)

b)

c)

d)