Cutting flower stems properly and providing proper treatment at any stage of the distribution process

The length of useful life of cut floral materials after being received by the character

the Japanese style of floral arrangements characterized by their flowers

growers, wholesalers, and retail florist must process their flowers

chemical consisting of a mixture of ingredients that when added to water extends the vase life of cut flowers by lowering the water PH

used as primary flowers to establish the skeleton outline height or width of an arrangement

used to create focal point with unusual and distinctive shapes

usually single stem with large rounded heads used inside or along the arrangement to fill in

red yellow blue

the relationship between the completed arrangement and its location

two primary colors combined in equal amounts

primary or line flowers used in a design to establish the outline of the arrangement

corsage wiring technique in which a wire is inserted through the calyx and bent downward along the stem

combination of equal amounts of primary color and adjacent secondary color

a purpose of foliage is to hide the mechanics in a flower arrangement

the element of the line in floral arrangement is the visual path the eye follows as it proceeds through the arrangement

the color spectrum is made up of twelve major colors. using color properly is just one important design element essential in creating a well-designed floral arrangement

#28 wire is finer wire than #16 gauge wire. #20 and #22 gauge wire is best suited to support roses, carnations, and chrysanthemums

the measure of color intensity when gray is added to a hue

a hue darkened by the addition of black forms a shade of the hue

adding white to a color lightens its tint