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Worksheetsanda mau ikut toefl?? tes luk
Total questions: 83
Worksheet time: 58mins
Read the following passage and summarize its main idea.
The main idea is about the history of summarization techniques.
The passage discusses the importance of detailed analysis.
The passage emphasizes the role of summarizing in academic writing.
The main idea of the passage is the significance of summarizing information.
What does the word 'meticulous' mean in the context of the sentence?
Showing great attention to detail.
Being careless and hasty.
Showing indifference to quality.
Lacking attention to detail.
Identify the grammatical error in the following sentence: 'She go to the market every Saturday.'
She goes to the markets every Saturday.
She goes to the market every Saturday.
She go to market every Saturday.
She going to the market every Saturday.
Choose the correct form of the verb: 'He (to be) a good student.'
was
is
are
be
Write a short essay on the importance of learning English.
English is only useful for traveling.
Learning English is not necessary for success.
English is the easiest language to learn.
The importance of learning English lies in its role as a global lingua franca, facilitating communication, education, and career opportunities.
Listen to the audio clip and answer: What is the main topic discussed?
Climate change and its impact on weather patterns.
The importance of recycling in urban areas.
The effects of pollution on marine life.
The history of renewable energy sources.
What is the synonym of 'happy' as used in the text?
bored
angry
sad
joyful
Fill in the blank: 'If I (to know) the answer, I would tell you.'
knew
know
knowing
knows
What is the purpose of the passage?
To convey information or insights on a specific topic.
To summarize a previous discussion.
To persuade the audience to take action.
To entertain the reader with a story.
Identify the tense used in the sentence: 'They have been studying for three hours.'
Past perfect tense
Present perfect continuous tense
Present simple tense
Future continuous tense
Write a conclusion for an essay about climate change.
The best solution to climate change is to ignore it and focus on economic growth.
In conclusion, climate change is an urgent global challenge that requires immediate action from individuals, communities, and governments alike. By working together and implementing sustainable practices, we can protect our planet for future generations.
Climate change only affects certain countries, so it's not a global issue.
Climate change is a myth and does not require any action.
Listen to the conversation and answer: What is the relationship between the speakers?
Colleagues
Siblings
Acquaintances
Friends
What does the phrase 'to break the ice' mean?
To initiate conversation and ease tension in a social situation.
To make a situation more awkward.
To end a conversation abruptly.
To create a physical barrier in a conversation.
Choose the correct preposition: 'She is interested ___ learning new languages.'
at
for
about
in
What is the main argument presented in the essay?
The essay provides a summary of various topics.
The main argument presented in the essay is the central thesis or claim of the author.
The essay focuses on historical events unrelated to the thesis.
The main argument is a personal opinion of the author.
Identify the subject in the sentence: 'The cat chased the mouse.'
The dog
The cat
The mouse
The bird
Write an introduction for an essay on technology's impact on society.
Technology only benefits a small group of people and harms the rest.
Technology has profoundly transformed society, influencing how we communicate, learn, and work, while also presenting challenges that require careful consideration.
Society has always been the same, regardless of technological advancements.
Technology has no effect on society whatsoever.
Listen to the news report and summarize the key points.
The climate summit focused on reducing plastic waste instead of carbon emissions.
World leaders agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 2030 at the climate summit.
World leaders decided to increase carbon emissions by 2030 at the climate summit.
World leaders agreed to ban all fossil fuels by 2025 at the climate summit.
What is the antonym of 'difficult' as used in the passage?
easy
challenging
arduous
complex
Fill in the blank: 'He suggested that she (to take) the job offer.'
to take
taking
take
takes
"with, without, in, on, after, before " are the examples of ......................
sentence
verb
subject
preposition
adverb
"pray, recite, read" are the examples of ......................
sentence
verb
subject
preposition
adverb
"She, he, they, we" are the examples of ......................
sentence
verb
subject
preposition
adverb
"Maria, Sasa, Zahid" are the examples of ......................
sentence
verb
subject
preposition
adverb
A sentence in English must at least consists of ........
a subject only
a verb only
a subject and a verb
two subjects and a verb
a subject and two verbs
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
Which of the following were NOT used in the construction of colonial furniture ?
(A) Mortises
(B) Nails
(C) Hinges
(D) Screws
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
For what purpose did woodworkers use an auger ?
(A) To whittle a peg
(B) To make a tenon
(C) To drill a hole
(D) To measure a panel
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
The relationship of a mortise and a tenon is most similar to that of ?
(A) a lock and a key
(B) a book and its cover
(C) a cup and a saucer
(C) a cup and a saucer
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
The word “protruding” in line 13 is closest in meaning to ?
(A) parallel
(B) simple
(C) projecting
(D) important
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
The phrase “attachment to” in line closest in meaning to?
(A) control of
(B) distance from
(C) curiosity about
(D) preference for
How many sections are there in a paper-based TOEFL Test?
two
three
four
five
Which one is NOT a valid form of a TOEFL Test?
paper-based test
computer-based test
writing-based test
internet-based test
What does TOEFL stand for?
Test of English as a Foreign Language
Test of Original English as a Foreign Language
Test of English in Foreign Language
Test of English as a Foreign Linguistic
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
Which of the following terms does the author explain in the passage ?
(A) “millennia” (line 5)
(B) “joiners” (line 10)
(C) “whittled” (line 15)
(D) “blacksmiths ” (line 21)
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
The author implies that the colonial joiners ?
(A) were highly paid
(B) based their furniture on English models
(C) used many specialized tools
(D) had to adjust to using new kinds of wood in New England
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
The word “they” in line 25 refers to ?
(A) designs
(B) types
(C) colonists
(D) all
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
The word “shield” in line 23 is closest in meaning to ?
(A) decorate
(B) copy
(C) shape
(D) protect
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
The author implies that colonial metalworkers were ?
(A) unable to make elaborate parts
(B) more skilled than woodworkers
(C) more conservative than other colonists
(D) frequently employed by joiners
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
Which of the following were NOT used in the construction of colonial furniture ?
(A) Mortises
(B) Nails
(C) Hinges
(D) Screws
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
For what purpose did woodworkers use an auger ?
(A) To whittle a peg
(B) To make a tenon
(C) To drill a hole
(D) To measure a panel
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
The relationship of a mortise and a tenon is most similar to that of ?
(A) a lock and a key
(B) a book and its cover
(C) a cup and a saucer
(C) a cup and a saucer
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
The word “protruding” in line 13 is closest in meaning to ?
(A) parallel
(B) simple
(C) projecting
(D) important
The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England. The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries – even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures. These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights. At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chisels, but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies.
The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600’s were known as “joiners,”
for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding element shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint – thus the term “joiner. ” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames. This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests.
Relatively little hardware was used during this period. Some nails – forged by
hand – were used, but no screws or glue. Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used. The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported. Locks and escutcheon plates – the latter to shield the wood from the metal key – would often be imported.
Above all, what the early English colonists imported was their knowledge of, familiarity with, and dedication to the traditional types and designs of furniture they knew in England.
The phrase “attachment to” in line closest in meaning to?
(A) control of
(B) distance from
(C) curiosity about
(D) preference for
The thermometer is broken so I can’t tell you the exact. _______.
Temperature
Thermometer
Wet season
Autumn
Nobody knows ---- motivated him to change his mind about not going to school.
what
which
that
how
why
15. Vegetables are an excellent source ________ vitamins
A. have
B. of
C. where
D. contain
In 1945, Indonesia ...... its independence from all forms of colonization.
declaring
declared
declarares
is declating
..... a tomato plant from 75 to 85 days to develop into
a mature plant with ripe fruit.
It takes
To take
That takes
By taking
In Michigan, USA, ...... over six hundred feet deep.
salt deposits
where salt deposits are
having salt deposits
there are salt deposits
Duke Ellington wrote ..... during his career.
that over a thousand songs
over a thousand songs
over a thousand songs were
there were over a thousand songs
The art of story telling ..... almost as old as humanity.
that is
is
it is
being
... is famous as the home of the U.S. Naval Academy.
Annapolis
Because of Annapolis
Why Annapolis
Because Annapolis
Narcissus bulbs _____ at least three inches apart and covered with about four inches of well-drained soil.
are planted
to plant
planting
plantation
The North Pole ____ a latitude of 90 degrees north.
it has
is having
which is having
has
Still a novelty in the late nineteenth century, ___ limited to the rich.
was
was photography
it was photography
photography was
____________ to a mobile except that it is stationary.
A stabile similarly
A stabile is similar
A stabilizer
A similar stabile
Any possible academic assistance from taking stimulants ___ marginal at best.
it is
there is
is
as
Henry Adams, born in Boston, ___ famous as a historian and novelist.
became
comer
it's coming
becoming
The North Platte River ____ from Wyoming into Nebraska.
it flowed
flows
flowing
with flowing water
Mathematics ... my favourite lesson at school.
is
are
were
does
His parents did not ... him last month.
visitor
visiting
visitation
visit
His brother ... a policeman.
am
are
is
does
To Mike, _____ was a big surprise
really
the joke
the party
funny
when
As we ...... up our priorities change.
(to change from being children to being adults)
stand
grow
look
The committee members ...... out over plans for the new healthcare.
(to argue)
fell
made
dropped
Major international companies can't ......... out the popularity of the anti-capitalist movement.
(informal: find it hard to understand)
figure
cut
carry
An alarming number of students ...... out of school early every year.
(to leave a race, competition, a course of study, etc., early or before you have finished)
jump
drop
fall
Many developing countries are failing to ...... up with their more developed neighbors.
(to get to the same level)
run
chase
catch
It can take months or even years for political scandals to ..... down.
(to become less strong)
die
cut
fall
It is only at election time that senators .......... on support from their constituents.
(to rely/depend on other people)
add
face
count
The President decided to ......... his visit to Europe.
(to not to go ahead with a plan)
shout
call
cry
They refused to ........... up to their responsibilities, with disastrous consequences.
(to accept an unpleasant state of affairs, and try to deal with it)
face
move
come
Some parents are criticized for the way they ........ up their children.
(to raise children)
bring
make
throw
The word "hefty" in the paragraph has similar meaning with ...
cheap
economical
costly
inexpensive
The word "reluctant" in the paragraph has similar meaning with ...
Eager
Happy
Excited
Unwilling
They in "they were popular" (last line) refer to ...
Tommy
Tommy's friend
Tika
Tika and her friends
His in "... his usual table..." (line 3) refers to ...
Tommy
Tika
Tommy's friend
Tika's friend
He in "...he was completely alone" (line 2) refers to ....
Tommy
Tika
Tika's friends
Popular person
As a young man, George Washington liked boating, to hunt,
and fishing.
(Find the error)
man
boating
to hunt
fishing
She held jobs as typist, a housekeeper, and in a restaurant.
(Find the error)
jobs
typist
housekeeper
and
The maple leaves ..... red in the autumn.
turned
turns
turn
is turning
...... invisible to the unaided eye, ultraviolet light can be detected in a number of ways
Although is
Despite
Even though it
Although
No one knows what color dinosaurs were ..... no sample
of their skin has survived.
because of
because that
it is because
because
