Names two or more people, places, things, or ideas.

names something that you can perceive through your senses—something that you can see, touch, taste, hear, or smell

names a feeling, a quality, or an idea—something that cannot be experienced through any of the five senses

Names a group of people or things (Most of the time will be considered a singular noun)

Noun that shows ownership or close relationship. Shown by apostrophe.

(1) Singular nouns add an apostrophe and s to form the possessive. (‘s) (2) Plural nouns add an apostrophe after the s to form the possessive. (s’)

adding the suffix -self or -selves to a personal pronoun (myself, yourself, ourselves)

introduces an adjectival (dependent) clause and relates it, or connects it, to the word that the clause modifies. (That, which, who, whom, whose)

points out a specific person, place, thing, or idea (this, that, these, and those)

Describes nouns, pronouns, and sometimes other adjectives.

used to compare two things or actions: often ends in -er or has the word more in front.

used to compare more than two things or actions: often ends in -est or has the word most in front

A word that modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Shows an action, telling what someone or something does, did, or will do. The action can be expressed physically, mentally, or by feelings.

is a verb that connects its subject to a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective that identifies or describes the subject (doesn't show action)

Action verbs that directs (transfers) its action toward someone or something named in the sentence, called the direct object of the verb (answers the question What? Or Whom?).

Verbs that took place in the past, taking place in the present, or will occur in the future.

Verb tenses that show action that has been completed. All three of the perfect tenses use a form of the helping verb have followed by the past participle of the main verb.

verb tenses that show an ongoing action or condition. They use a form of the helping verb be and the present participle of the main verb, which always ends in -ing.

added before the main verb to help show aspects of the action or condition. (Am, is, are, was, were, being, been, be, have, has, had, do, does, did, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, can, could)

Helping verb(s) + main verb = ______ ______

the form of a verb, typically ending in -ed in English unless it’s irregular, which is used in forming perfect and passive tenses

the form of a verb, ending in -ing in English, which is used in forming continuous (progressive) tenses

the simple past and past participle forms of the verbs don’t end in -ed; the spelling changes for these forms.

connects two or more words or groups of words that are similar grammatically. (FANBOYS)

connects two ideas by making one of them subordinate to, or dependent on, the other. (SWABIS)

it indicates if the noun refers to something definite or indefinite. (a, an, the)

expresses feelings or emotions

a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word in a sentence; the relationship may involve location, direction, time or details

a group of words that includes a preposition and a noun or pronoun called the object of the preposition.

the word or group of words that names the person, place, thing, or idea that performs the action or is described

word or words that tell what the subject does, what is done to the subject, or what the condition of the subject is

The subject of a command or request

is a noun or a pronoun that directly receives the action of an action verb

is a noun or a pronoun that sometimes appears with an action verb and a direct object

consists of two or more subjects (nouns or pronouns) joined by a conjunction such as and or or. The two or more subjects “share” the verb in the sentence

consists of two or more verbs joined by a conjunction such as and or or. The two or more verbs “share” the subject of the sentence.

is a noun or pronoun that is placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify, rename, or explain it (set off by commas and can be removed from the sentence)

is made up of an appositive plus any modifiers the appositive has (set off by commas and can be removed from the sentence)

a verb form that is not used as a verb in the sentence but as another part of speech

is a verbal (both present and past participles) that can be used as an adjective

consists of a participle plus any modifiers or complements the participle has. The entire participial phrase functions as an adjective

a verbal made up of the word to followed by a base (present) form of a verb that can be used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb

consists of an infinitive and its modifiers and complements, all acting together as a single part of speech (noun, adjective, or adverb)

a verbal that ends in -ing and acts as a noun

made up of a gerund plus any words that modify or compliment the gerund. The whole phrase functions as a noun

a clause that can stand alone as a complete sentence

a clause that can not stand alone as a complete sentence

looks like a complete sentence, but it’s not a complete thought (lacks a subject or verb)

a sentence made up of one independent clause and no other clauses

a sentence made up of two or more independent clauses

A sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent, or subordinate, clauses

A sentence with two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. (a compound sentence + a dependent clause)

*Bonus* - contains at least one subject and a verb.

*Bonus* - the subject of the sentence, or clause, is doing the action.

*Bonus* - means that something happens to the subject of the sentence (or clause) this is when the subject does not do the action itself.