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5.7 DNA Structure and Function Review

Total questions: 55

Worksheet time: 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the shape of the DNA molecule as discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick?

a)

Triple helix

b)

Double helix

c)

Linear chain

d)

Single helix

2.

Which nitrogen base pairs with Adenine?

a)

Thymine

b)

Cytosine

c)

Guanine

d)

None of the above

3.

What is the complementary base pair of Guanine?

a)

Cytosine

b)

Thymine

c)

Adenine

d)

Uracil

4.

What is DNA?

a)

Ribonucleic acid

b)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

c)

Deoxyribonucleic atom

d)

Dinitrogenous acid

5.

Thymine pairs with

a)

Adenine, guanine, cytosine

b)

Adenine only

c)

Cytosine only

6.

Identify the complementary strand of DNA for the following:

ATGG

a)

TACC

b)

ATGG

c)

AGCC

d)

TTGG

7.

In which organelle of a eukaryotic cell can most of the DNA be found?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Chloroplasts

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Ribosomes

8.

The sides of the DNA ladder are made of alternating:

a)

sugars and phosphates

b)

hydrogen bonds and bases

c)

sugars and nitrogen bases

d)

adenine and thymine

9.

What are the four nitrogen bases present in DNA?

a)

Adenine, Lysine, Guanine, Cytosine

b)

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

c)

Cytosine, Thymine, Lysine, Adenine

d)

Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, Adenine

10.

What is the shape of DNA?

a)

Double helix

b)

Double heelies

c)

Double trouble

d)

Double staircase

11.
One side of a strand of DNA reads "AATCGA." What is the complementary strand?
a)
AATCGA
b)
TTAGCT
c)
CCGATC
d)
GGCTAG
12.

Identify the three parts of a nucleotide.

a)

phosphate

b)

oxygen

c)

nitrogen base

d)

deoxyribose

e)

nucleic acid

13.

Is this a picture of DNA? Why?

a)

Yes, the molecule in the picture is single stranded

b)

No, the molecule in the picture it is double stranded

c)

No, the molecule in the picture it is single stranded

d)

Yes, the molecule in the picture it is double stranded

14.

another type of nucleic acid that carries the code from the DNA in the nuclues to the ribosome in the cytoplasm

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

c)

heredity

d)

amino acid

15.

Mutations are mistakes that become part of ___________________.

a)

history

b)

genetic code

c)

proteins

16.

Where does a cell store genetic instructions for the organism?

a)

mitochondria

b)

cell membrane

c)

DNA molecule

d)

cell wall

17.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
18.
Which type of RNA takes the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
RNA polymerase
19.

How does RNA differ from DNA in terms of structure?

a)

RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uracil instead of thymine.

b)

RNA is double-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uracil instead of adenine.

c)

RNA is double-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and thymine instead of uracil.

d)

RNA is single-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and cytosine instead of uracil.

20.

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

a)

Phosphate group, sugar molecule, carbon base

b)

Phosphate group, sugar molecule, nitrogenous base

c)

Phosphate group, lipid molecule, nitrogenous base

d)

Hydrogen group, sugar molecule, nitrogenous base

21.

Describe the process of transcription in the cell.

a)

Transcription involves the synthesis of proteins directly from DNA.

b)

Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

c)

Transcription is the process of creating an RNA copy of a segment of DNA.

d)

Transcription is the process of creating a DNA copy of a segment of RNA.

22.

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

a)

mRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome.

b)

mRNA provides the template for DNA replication.

c)

mRNA carries the code from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

d)

mRNA modifies the DNA structure before replication.

23.

What is the process by which DNA is copied to RNA called?

a)

Translation

b)

Replication

c)

Transcription

d)

Reverse transcription

24.

RNA codes for which of the following?

a)

Monosaccharides

b)

Traits

c)

Proteins

d)

Ribosomes

25.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
26.
What is the location in the cell for translation?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
ribosome
d)
chloroplast
27.
What is the location in the cell for translation?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
ribosome
d)
chloroplast
28.

What is a genetic mutation

a)

the making of a zombie

b)

any change in the DNA base pairs

c)

the process of duplicating the DNA in a cell

29.

A substitution mutation occurs when

a)

a base pair is missing from the DNA strand

b)

a base pair is added to the DNA strand

c)

a base pair is replaced with a different base pair

30.

An insertion/additon mutation occurs when

a)

a base pair is missing from the DNA strand

b)

a base pair is added to the DNA strand

c)

a base pair is replaced with a different base pair

31.

A deletion mutation occurs when

a)

a base pair is missing from the DNA strand

b)

a base pair is added to the DNA strand

c)

a base pair is replaced with a different base pair

32.

A mutation that helps an organism survive and reproduce

a)

harmful mutation

b)

helpful mutation

c)

neutral mutation

33.

A mutation that decreases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce

a)

harmful mutation

b)

helpful mutation

c)

neutral mutation

34.

A mutation that has NO effect on an organism's ability to survive and reproduce

a)

harmful mutation

b)

helpful mutation

c)

neutral mutation

35.

Many mutations...

a)

Occur randomly

b)

Occur because of bad eating habits

c)

Occur because of lack of exercise

36.

Mutations can be...

a)

Harmful

b)

Beneficial

c)

Neutral

d)

All of the Above

37.

Mutations are...

a)

Changes in the sequence of DNA

b)

Broken chromosomes

c)

Bad genes

38.

Mutations can be a result of...

a)

Environmental Exposure

b)

Lack of sleep

c)

Not enough exercise

39.

What is a type of Mutation?

a)

Deletions

b)

Insertions

c)

Base Substitutions

d)

All of the Above

40.

Which of the following traits is encoded in your DNA? (Choose the best answer)

a)

Your personality

b)

Your likes and dislikes

c)

Your intelligence

d)

Your eye color

41.

What types of living organisms have NO genetic material at all?

a)

Insects

b)

Bacteria

c)

Plants

d)

All living organisms have genetic material

42.
What are the building blocks of proteins called?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Amino Acids
43.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
44.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
45.
Normal-
GAG-CTC-GAC-AGA
Mutant
GAG CTC-CAC-AGA
a)
no mutation
b)
substitution
c)
insertion
d)
deletion
46.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
47.
What are the three types of mutation? 
a)
Insertion, Deletion, Subsitution
b)
Deletion, Newstion, Subsitution 
c)
Newstion, Deletion, Insertion 
d)
Insertion, Newstion, Substitution 
48.
What do hurtful mutations do? 
a)
Decrease chances of survival 
b)
Increases changes of survival 
c)
Decreases likelihood of developing cancer
d)
Increases likelihood of developing cancer
49.
Which of the following is an example of a hurtful mutation? 
a)
Developing cancer
b)
Makes the organism faster
c)
Makes the organism a predator 
d)
Develops sharp claws
50.
What do helpful mutations do? 
a)
Increases chances of survival 
b)
Decreases changes of survival 
c)
Increases chances of developing cancer
d)
Decreases skills
51.
These molecules are made up of amino acids.
a)
proteins
b)
bases
c)
ribosomes
d)
nucleii
52.
These long molecules carry out most cell functions.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Proteins
53.

What part of your cells contains DNA?

a)

mitochondria

b)

nucleus

c)

lysosome

d)

cytoplasm

54.

The directions in our genes allow us to make ______ that carry out specific tasks.

a)

protein

b)

protoplasm

c)

DNA

d)

cells

55.

Which of these might be considered a mutation?

a)

having brown hair

b)

having blue eyes

c)

having two different colored eyes

d)

having arms