The Report of the Paris Medical Faculty in 1348 which described the cause of the Black Death as a result of celestial positioning and seismic activity.

Research by islamic scientists into new methods of surgery and the inclusion of "cat gut" as an organic stitching material, still used today.

Chinese confucians utilizing magnetized instruments to perform Fung Zei practices before developing the compass.

the use of citrus fruits by sea merchants to fight off scurvy and other ailments associated with malnutrition.

The Geocentric Model

The Heliocentric Model

Copernicus' Model

Einstein's Model

War between rival tribal nations grew as groups fought to acquire more captives to trade as slaves for European goods.

Individual and family groups fleed north to avoid capture and enslavement in southern colonies.

Mother countries benefited from the increased production of goods, including cash crops.

Women were removed from political and social opportunities reserved solely for men due to European patriarchy.

Most European countries refused to participate in the Atlantic Slave Trade for moral and practical reasons.

By utilizing Joint-Stock companies which reduced the cost and risk of participating in international endeavors.

Through negotiating with tribal leaders such as Queen Ana Nzinga about territorial rights and trade agreements.

By supplying their own workforce, mostly made of peasants from Ireland and Italy, who were considered disposable.

increasing the size and strength of their military by arming and training children forced into recruitment.

the increased production of raw materials grown or collected on colonial plantations by African slaves.

recieving more goods from Africa than simply slaves, such as gold, salt, and ivory.

advanced negotiation techniques with local tribal leaders such as Ana Nzinga who valued recognition of American leadership over European.

African tribal elites were all in favor of supporting the capture and enslavement of fellow Africans, as it provided many the means to ensure their own succession.

Slavery was a relatively new idea presented to Africans after it was discovered by European colonists to be in practice by various southern mesoamerican groups such as the Incas.

Although slavery was not new to many African tribes, the means in which Europeans treated slaves was drastically different from how African tribes treated those they enslaved.

The Portuguese believed the slave trade to be esential to their own success as forced labor produced a great deal of wealth, even though some regarded slavery as an immoral practice.

Humanism, which empowered many Europeans during the Renaissance Era to act for themselves and not follow traditional dogma.

Meritocracy, which developed during the Song Dynasty and advocated for the advancement of others based on skills and abilities.

Secularism, which argued for the separation of church and state activities for the public good.

Devshirme, a practice common in the Ottoman empire which identified specific individuals for service to the Sultan.

He proved the earth was not at the center of the solar system and instead that we orbit the sun.

His work refuted previous teachings by the church surrounding gravity and the weight of objects.

His letter argued shortcomings in the church's advocacy of its supreme power to control the destination of a person's soul.

He attempted to combine various faiths including Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity into a divine faith to be practiced by all.

Salvation can only be granted by those who recant their sins and ask for forgiveness.

The Church could not forgive the sins of practitioners through the purchase of indulgences.

Only the Pope has the power to forgive, not his cardinals or priests.

The bible should only be written in Latin to avoid false ideas from being included.