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Natural Selection and Adaptations

Total questions: 30

Worksheet time: 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

When organisms are better adapted to their environment they will survive and reproduce more successfully than organisms less adapted. This process is called what?

a)

Selective breeding

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Cloning

d)

Evolution of all species

2.

Which scientist visited the Galapagos Islands and came up with the theory of natural selection?

a)

Theodor Schwann

b)

Gregor Mendel

c)

Charles Darwin

d)

Rudolf Virchow

3.

Sometimes bones in the front limbs of animals are very similar in structure. What do we call similar bone structures that indicate a link to a common ancestor?

a)

Adaptations

b)

Gradualism

c)

Homologous Structures

d)

Extinction

4.

A physical or behavioral trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment is called a what?

a)

An adaptation

b)

A response to a stimulus

c)

A mutation

d)

Evolution

5.

What most likely caused the finches on the Galapagos Islands to have beaks that were different from the finches on the mainland?

a)

There were different types of predators on the island.

b)

There were different types of food available on the island.

c)

The finches had no water to drink.

d)

The finches on the mainland could not fly high enough.

6.

What do we call a change in a species over time?

a)

Adaptation

b)

Evolution

c)

Extinction

d)

Environmental influences

7.

The solidified remain or imprint of a once living thing are called:

a)

Fossils

b)

Homologous Structures

c)

Vestigial Structures

d)

DNA

8.

Which trait MOST likely helps an animal survive in a very cold environment?

a)

Long ears

b)

Large eyes

c)

Thick fur

d)

Sharp Claws

9.
Where did Darwin go to study about finches?
a)
Islands of Africa
b)
Coast of South America
c)
Galapagos Islands
10.
Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Albert Einstein
c)
Steven Hawking
d)
Isaac Newton
11.

What is the process in which populations CHANGE over time?

a)

evolution

b)

species

c)

variation

d)

competition

12.

What do we call structures that no longer perform their original function?

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Analogous Structure

c)

Vestigial Structure

d)

Homologous Structure

13.

What do you call a characteristic that allows an organism to survive in an environment?

a)

variation

b)

adaptation

c)

selection

d)

overproduction

14.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
15.
The disappearance of a species.
a)
Evolution
b)
Extinction
c)
Migration
d)
Mutation
16.

A random and permanent change to a gene

a)

Protein

b)

Gene

c)

Natural Selection

d)

Mutation

17.

Peppered moths were able to adapt to their environment because

a)

They decided to change colors in order to survive

b)

The population had varying traits

c)

Pollution covered the trees

d)

The trees camouflaged all moths

18.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
traits.
d)
theories.
19.
This scientist developed the theory of evolution as he studied the finches.
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Isaac Newton
c)
Albert Einstein
d)
Marie Curie
20.
What is the advantage of having different shaped beaks?
a)
To look different from other species.
b)
To be able to eat the food readily available in the environment.
c)
To protect itself against predators.
d)
To protect itself against prey.
21.
_______ are the preserved remains or traces of living things.
a)
bones
b)
fossils
c)
artifacts
d)
organic matter
22.
Which parts of an organism are more likely to fossilize?
a)
the soft parts - skin, muscle
b)
the hard parts - bones, shells, stems
c)
all parts can become fossilized easily because the organism becomes buried by sediments
23.
A _______ is a solid copy of the shape of an organism.
a)
mold
b)
cast 
c)
petrified fossil
d)
trace fossil
24.
All the information that paleontologists have gathered about past life is called the _____
a)
geologic time
b)
geologic eras
c)
fossil eras
d)
fossil record
25.
According to the law of superposition, which layer is the youngest?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
26.
Correctly sequence the layers of rocks oldest to youngest 
a)
A,B,C,D
b)
D,C,B,A
27.
What is a mass extinction?
a)
the extinction of all of Earth's species at ones time
b)
the extinction of many types of organisms at the same time
c)
the end of days
d)
the creation of many species at one time
28.
Which layer formed first?
a)
Rock Layer W
b)
Rock Layer X
c)
Rock Layer Y
d)
Rock Layer Z
29.
By determining the age of fossils, scientists can reconstruct the history of life on Earth
a)
True
b)
False
30.
Which of the following could form a fossil?
a)
Bone
b)
Shell
c)
Seeds
d)
All of the above

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