WorksheetsMechanisms of tissue regeneration and remodeling
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 40mins
1. Regeneration is a developmental process that involves:
a. growth
b. morphogenesis
c. differentiation of cells
d. all the above statements
2. Epimorphic regeneration involves:
a. transdifferentiation of adult cells
b. dedifferentiation of adult cells with formation of blastema
c. transdifferentiation of stem cells
d. dedifferentiation of adult cells without formation of blastema
3. The importance of nerves in amphibian’s limb regeneration, meaning that:
a. induces keratinocytes of the wounded edge to dedifferentiate
b. the nerves are not important in limb regeneration
c. induces the formation scar
d. regulates the movement of wounded animal
4. Hox genes are involved in positional identity along antero-posterior axis, because of:
a. only of spatial collinearity expression of these genes
b. only of temporal collinearity expression of these genes
c. spatial and temporal expression of these genes
d. random expression of Hox genes
5. The Hox genes at the 3-end are expressed:
a. earlier and in the anterior regions of the embryo
b. later and in the posterior regions of the embryo
c. earlier and in the posterior regions of the embryp
d. later and in the anterior regions of the embryo
6. Conditional cell fate specification
a. use owns cellular constituents
b. is a type of syncytial specification
c. use morphogenetic determinants
d. requires interactions between neighboring cells
7. Cell fate determination
a. involves repression of all genes
b. involves selection of genes to be expressed in each cell type
c. does not require the expression of certain genes
d. involves activation of all genes
8. Transdifferentiation
a. involves cellular division
b. permit differentiation of cells into another unrelated cellular type
c. permit differentiation of cells into another related cellular type
d. permit cell fate specification and determination
9. Primary or direct fracture healing is made
a. without callus formation
b. with callus formation
c. by intramembranous ossification
d. by endochondral ossification
10. In regenerative phase of secondary fracture healing
a. soft callus is vascular
b. soft callus is secreted by the osteocytes
c. soft callus is secreted by the chondrocytes
d. soft callus is secreted by the osteoclasts
11. Remodeling phase of secondary fracture healing
a. osteoclasts remove the cartilaginous tissue and allow the osteoblasts to secret osteoid
b. osteoblasts remove the cartilaginous tissue and allow the osteoclasts to secret osteoid
c. osteoclasts remove the cartilaginous tissue and allow the chondroblasts to secret osteoid
d. osteoblasts remove the cartilaginous tissue and allow the chondroblasts to secret osteoid
12. Signaling pathway active in all cells of the osteoblastic lineage involves:
a. Collagen
b. Wnt
c. IL-1
d. Leucotriens
13. Soft tissue regeneration and remodeling after an injury has the following steps:
a. bleeding, inflammation, cell proliferation, calcification
b. bleeding, inflammation, cell proliferation, remodeling
c. bleeding, inflammation, remodeling, calcification
d. bleeding, inflammation, cell proliferation, mineralization
14. Hyaluronic acid
a. is secreted by the fibroblast
b. is responsible for healing with scars
c. is a component of cytoskeleton
d. is degraded by the collagenase 1
15. Fibroblasts interact with leukocytes through the following adhesion molecules:
a. Hoxa2
b. ICAM-1
c. MMP-9
d. IL-6
16. In peripheral nervous system myelin in secreted by the:
a. leucocytes
b. endothelial cells
c. neurons
d. Schwann cells
17. In neurapraxia, nerve regeneration:
a. is occurring spontaneously in few weeks
b. regeneration in not occur
c. is occurring spontaneously in few years
d. spontaneous recovery does not occur
18. In SNC regeneration is possible due to neural stem cell populations localized in:
a. brainstem
b. subventricular zone and hippocampus
c. cerebral cortex
d. cerebellum
19. A rich zone with stem cells in skin is represented by the:
a. hypoderm
b. derma
c. bulge of the hair follicle
d. collagen matrix
20. Neurapraxia represents:
a. interruption of the myelin sheath, axons and surrounding connective tissues
b. interruption only the connective tissues that cover the axons
c. segmental interruption of the myelin sheath which leaves the axons and surrounding connective tissues intact
d. segmental interruption of the axons surrounding connective tissues
