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Signal Transduction

Total questions: 22

Worksheet time: 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following correctly describes the reception stage of this signal transduction pathway?
a)
epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane
b)
the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases
c)
protein kinases phosphoylate molecules
d)
glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted
2.
Which of the following correctly describes the transduction stage of this signal transduction pathway?
a)
epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane
b)
the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases
c)
cAMP binds to the g-protein coupled receptor protein
d)
glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted
3.
Which of the following correctly describes the response stage of this signal transduction pathway?
a)
epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane
b)
the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases
c)
cAMP binds to the g-protein coupled receptor protein
d)
glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted
4.
What is a G protein?
a)
specific type of membrane-receptor protein
b)
protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
c)
membrane-bound enzyme
d)
relay protein
5.

A G-protien coupled receptor becomes activated when

a)

GTP displaces GDP

b)

a signaling molecule binds to the receptor

c)

G protein releases its receptor

d)

once the enzyme is activated

6.

Receptor proteins can be found in the

a)

nucleus

b)

cytosol

c)

cell membrane

d)

all of the above

7.

Which molecule will most likely diffuse across plasma membrane?

a)

glucose

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

sodium ion

d)

DNA

8.

In eukaryotic cells, which is a second messenger that is produced as a response to an external signal such as a hormone?

a)

cyclic AMP

b)

glycogen

c)

glucose

d)

epinephrine

9.

The source of the phosphate for a phosphorylation cascade is...

a)

cAMP

b)

protein kinase

c)

ATP

d)

GTP

10.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
11.
What is a function of the second messenger IP3?
a)
bind to and activate protein kinase A
b)
activate transcription factors
c)
convert ATP to cAMP
d)
bind to and open ligand-gated channels
12.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
13.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
14.
What does a protein phosphatase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme with a signal molecule
15.
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
a)
travelling of hormones through the air
b)
travelling of hormones through the blood
c)
the removal of a phosphate
d)
a series of molecules that get phosphorylated
16.

An example of LOCAL cell communication is:

a)

White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

b)

Neurons communicating across a synapse

c)

Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

17.

(2) examples of second messengers are...

a)

Ca 2+

b)

protein kinase

c)

cAMP

d)

G-protein coupled receptor

18.

Select all that are true about cAMP.

a)

it is used to activate protein kinases in the signal transduction pathway

b)

it is broken down by phosphodiesterase

c)

it is a g-protein coupled receptor

d)

it is formed by adenylyl cyclase

19.

Why do different target cells respond differently to the same signaling molecule (multiple choice).

a)

There are different response molecules in the cell

b)

There are different signal transduction pathways

c)

There are different receptors in plasma membrane

20.

What are the two types of hormones and where are their receptors typically located?

a)

lipid soluble, binds to receptors in plasma membrane

b)

lipid soluble, bind to receptors in cytoplasm or nucleus

c)

water soluble, binds to receptors in plasma membrane

d)

water soluble, bind to receptors in cytoplasm or nucleus

21.

If phosphorylation (of ATP or GTP) did not occur, what would happen?

a)

The ligand would bind, and the signaling pathway would proceed through transduction to cellular response.

b)

The ligand would bind, but the signaling pathway would not proceed through the transduction step.

c)

The ligand would bind and the signaling pathway would proceed through the transduction step, but would not produce a cellular response.

22.

Choose all correct answer choices regarding the calcium ion.

a)

Acts as a second messenger in the signal transduction pathway

b)

Is found in low concentrations outside the cell

c)

Is released from the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum when a cell signaling molecule binds to a cell-surface receptor

d)

Is found in low concentrations in the cytoplasm