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WorksheetsAQA GCSE geography Rivers
Total questions: 68
Worksheet time: 35mins
Where does a river start?
Mouth
Source
Confluence
Tributary
What is a long profile?
A line representing the river from its source to its mouth.
A line from one river bank to another
The point where a river starts
An area of land drained by a river and its tributaries.
What are the characteristics of the upper course of a river?
Wide, deep channel
Shallow, narrow channel
Widest, deepest channel
All of the above
Identify the characteristics of the middle course of a river.
Medium gradient, gently sloping valley sides with a wider, deeper channel.
Gentle gradient, very wide, almost flat valley, very wide and deep river channel.
Steep gradient, v-shaped valley, steep sides and narrow, shallow channel.
Where is vertical erosion the most dominant along the long profile of a river?
Upper course
Middle course
Lower course
Why is vertical erosion most dominant in the upper course of a river?
High turbulence causes the rough, angular particles transported by the river to be scraped along the riverbed, causing intense downwards erosion.
The discharge is highest here causing intense erosion.
The velocity of the water is highest here causing intense erosion.
When soluble particles are dissolved into the river it is called:
Hydraulic Action
Abrasion
Saltation
Solution
Which process involves large boulders and rocks being rolled along the river bed?
Saltation
Traction
Suspension
Solution
Which Process involves small pebbles and stones being bounced along the river bed?
Solution
Traction
Saltation
none of the above
Tiny particles such as silt are usually transported:
in solution
in suspension
by saltation
by traction
The load of the river is all the materials carried by the water
True
False
What is the edge of the river basin called?
waterside
waterway
watershed
water
________________ are streams that flow together to make a river.
source
tributaries
mouth
drainage basin
The area of land DRAINED by a river system is called the _____________
drainage basin
mouth
tributaries
source
What river landforms are found in the upper course?
Gorge
Meander
Delta
Interlocking spurs
How do waterfalls form?
A layer of soft rock lies on top of a layer of hard rock
A layer of hard rock lies on top of a layer of hard rock
Abrasion erodes away a plunge pool at the bottom of the waterfall
Solution and traction creates a plunge pool at the bottom of the river
What type of erosion is prominent in the middle course?
Vertical erosion
Saltation
Solution
Lateral erosion
What landforms occur in the middle course of a river?
Ox-bow lakes
V-shape valleys
Flood plains
Estuary
The (a) means the fastest flow of the river
The fastest flow of the river occurs on the ____________ bend creating a _______________.
Inside
Outside
Slip-off slope
River cliff
_______________ occurs on the inside bend because the river loses its energy
deposition
transportation
erosion
Natural levees are....
Man-made structures to prevent flooding
A raised bank on the edge of a flood plain
A raised bank either side of the river due to deposition
Unlevel ground on a flood plain
Name this type of erosion - the power of the water forcing air and water into cracks in the river bed and eroding it.
(a)
What is abrasion?
Rocks rubbing away the river bed like sandpaper
Small rocks hitting into each other
Acidic water dissolving rocks
Identify the processes of transportation
Solution
Attrition
Traction
Saltation
What is the name of the river that you studied from source to mouth?
(a)
What's the name of the waterfall on the River Tees?
Niagara Falls
Angel Falls
High Force Waterfall
Tees Waterfall
Which of these is a human cause of flooding?
Heavy rainfall
Natural Hazards
Impermeable rocks
Deforestation
Which of these is a human cause of flooding?
Heavy rainfall
Natural Hazards
Impermeable rocks
Deforestation
What is an impermeable rock?
A rock that doesn't let water through
A rock that does let water through
What is the land next to the river called and how would you describe it?
Floodplain, steep land next to the river.
Floodplain, flat land next to the river.
Floodplain, flat land away from the river.
Floodplain, flat land on top of the river.
Name the two processes that mainly help form waterfalls?
Abrasion
Solution
Silting
Hydraulic Action
The point where a smaller river joins a larger river is called a ...
Tributary
Congruence
Confluence
Convergence
Which course would you find an estuary?
upper course
middle course
lower course
Which is the main process in the formation of an estuary?
transportation
erosion
deposition
none of the above
What flood defence is this?
Flood relief channel
Flood-plain zoning
Embankment (levee)
Channelisation
Which of these is an example of hard engineering?
Washland
Flood-plain zoning
River restoration
Dams and reservoirs
Which of these is an example of soft engineering?
Flood relief channel
Flood-plain zoning
Channelisation
Dams and reservoirs
The following image shows a hydrograph, but what factors would increase the lag-time (the difference between peak rainfall and peak discharge)? Tick all relevant answers.
More vegetation cover in a drainage basin.
Increased urbanisation.
Deforestation.
Permeable geology.
Saturated soil.
The image below shows how one river feature begins to develop. But, what river feature will develop overtime.
Levee
Estuary
Gorge
Ox-bow lake
The image shows the cross-profile of a river feature, but which river feature?
Levee
Interlocking spur
Meander
V-shaped valley
What key characteristic is required for waterfalls to form?
Rocks of varying hardness and density.
Rocks of the same hardness and density
There are 4 types of transportation that happen inside a river. Match the following definition to the correct type of erosion - smaller rocks bounce along the river bed.
Traction
Suspension
Saltation
Solution
There are 4 types of transportation that happen inside a river. Match the following definition to the correct type of erosion - Large boulders are rolled along the bed.
Traction
Suspension
Saltation
Solution
There are 4 types of erosion that happen inside a river. Match the following definition to the correct type of erosion - rocks carried by the river collide with each other, wearing each other down.
Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution
There are 4 types of erosion that happen inside a river. Match the following definition to the correct type of erosion - the force of water has the power erode, water also compresses air in cracks in river banks which increases pressure.
Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution
There are 4 types of erosion that happen inside a river. Match the following definition to the correct type of erosion - rocks carried by the river rub and scrape against the bed and the banks wearing them down.
Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution
Our case study for the a flood management scheme is : ___ _______ _____ ___________ ______.
(a)
How much of the A361 was raised in the flood storage area?
860 metres
560 metres
960 metres
260 metres
Which strategy involves creating new habitats with ponds, trees and hedgerows?
Flood Storage Plan
Biodiversity Action Plan
Drainage Plan
Which of these is true for the location of Banbury?
It is located in the Cotswold Hills around 50km north of Oxford
The town is located on the floodplain of the River Cherwell
It is in southern Scotland
The closest city is London
What was the cost of the flooding in 1998?
£8.5 million
£12.5 million
£5 million
£10.5 million
How did the new BAP (Biodiversity Action plan) help the local environment?
It brought new business to the area.
It reduced wildlife in the area.
It created new habitats enabling wildlife to thrive.
What is hard engineering?
natural methods to control flooding
the building of flood plains
using man made structures to prevent or control flooding.
What was a negative of the scheme?
100s of people were displaced from their homes.
It was still expensive (£18.5 million)
It was taken away
How does afforestation reduce flooding?
The cut down trees intercept the rainwater reducing the risk of flooding
The planted trees intercept the rainwater reducing the risk of flooding
The trees are planted meaning buildings are sheltered
What is the lag time?
The time between peak rainfall and peak discharge. This shows how quickly water is transferred into a river channel.
A delay time between rainfall
A method of counting in rivers
What is a hydrograph?
A graph that shows the amount of water in an area
A graph that shows the amount of hydrogen in an area
A graph that plots river discharge after a storm
How does dredging work?
water is pumped into a river
Sediment is removed from the river bed
banks are built along the river
What is soft engineering?
Involves working with natural river processes to manage flood risk
sponges used to control the flow of a river
where artificial structures are used to manage flooding
What is river straightening?
where HEP is produced (hydro electric power)
where water is held in a reservoir
Where a straight line between two meanders is cut in a river.
What are flood relief channels?
Artificial channels that are designed to run parallel as a back up channel for a river that frequently floods
banks built on the side of a river
Tv programs to warn of flooding
Where is Banbury located?
About 100km north of Oxford in the country of Scotland
About 50km north of Oxford in the country of England
In south west Wales
What happened to the A361 to help reduce flooding in Banbury?
It was demolished
It was raised
It was extended
What is an advantage of flood warnings?
The impact of flooding is reduced- warnings give people time to move possessions upstairs, put sandbags in position and evacuate
People may not hear or have access to the warnings
Warnings don't stop a flood from happening.
What is Flood plain zoning?
making the river more natural by removing man made levees, so that the flood plain can flood naturally
Planting trees in the river valley increases interception of rainwater and also increases the lag time
Restrictions prevent building on parts of a flood plain that are likely to be affected by a flood.
What is discharge?
The volume of water flowing along a river.
the speed of a river
The time it takes for a river to flood
What two factors affect the shape of a hydrograph?
Rainfall and drainage basin characteristics
river width and the river profile
sunshine and river channel size
