the story is made up or imagined

includes fantasy, folklore, and mystery

meant to be performed by actors on stage or screen

features stage directions and is divided into acts and scenes

includes tragedy, comedy, and musicals

A musical about a young woman who moves to New York City to pursue her dreams, filled with lively dance numbers, romantic subplots, and heartfelt songs.

A tragedy about a powerful king whose greed for more land and power leads to betrayal, war, and the collapse of his kingdom.

uses rhythmic and often symbolic language to evoke emotions or ideas

includes lyric, narrative, and free verse

written in lines and stanzas rather than paragraphs

A collection of poems that reflect on the beauty of the ocean, the power of storms, and the serenity of sunsets.

based on real people, events, and facts

includes biographies, autobiographies, and memoirs

includes textbooks, essays, and journalism

A biography about the life of Amelia Earhart, focusing on her pioneering aviation career and mysterious disappearance.

An article outlining the effects of climate change on polar ice caps and the global ecosystem, explaining why immediate action is necessary.

A memoir by a renowned actor, detailing their rise to fame, struggles with mental health, and how they found balance in their life.

An article explaining the importance of recycling and how it benefits the environment.

A science fiction novel about astronauts exploring a distant planet and encountering alien life forms.

A Shakespearean tragedy about a nobleman whose jealousy leads to his tragic downfall.

A young girl discovers a magical doorway that leads to a hidden world where she must defeat an evil queen.

the time and place where a story happens

a one-sentence summary of what the text is about

the message or lesson that is taught through the text

the sequence of events that make up the story

a struggle between opposing forces in a story

consists of 6 parts: exposition, inciting incident, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution

also called main idea

a statement about life or a lesson about the way the world works

this should be universal, meaning it can be applied to other works

true/false: fiction stories can have multiple themes

should include character names and details from the text

Should NOT include character names and details from text

Only one of these in fiction and nonfiction texts

• Mirabel helps save the magic of her family’s enchanted house by revealing the importance of acceptance and unity.

• Judy Hopps and Nick Wilde uncover a conspiracy to divide predators and prey in Zootopia, proving that anyone can make a difference.

• Family bonds are strengthened by love and acceptance, even when facing personal differences and challenges.

• Embracing who you are and the power of love, especially between family members, is essential to overcoming challenges.

• Discovering one’s true purpose and following your heart can lead to growth and help others.

• Honoring family and remembering ancestors keep their memories alive, and understanding roots is key to identity.

ties up loose ends and resolves smaller conflicts

introduces the setting and characters

most intense part or turning point of the story

major conflicts are resolved; story’s conclusion

events that build tension and make the story more exciting

introduction of the conflict; starts the rising action

A boy wants to ask someone to the dance but he's too scared.

A plane crashed on an island in the middle of the ocean.  Chuck had to survive all on his own!

Stacy starts a petition to allow students to wear ripped jeans at school.

Abe can't finish his assignment online. His family lost power after a storm caused downed power lines all over town.

A police officer writes Dr. Stevens a ticket after he sped through a red light.

Eric and Steve arm wrestle at lunch after getting into an argument over who is the stronger 7th grader.

A husband and wife disagree about where to spend the holiday.

Nancy is tempted to steal money from her employer to feed her hungry children.

man vs. man

man vs. society

man vs. nature

man vs. supernatural

takes place inside the mind

takes place outside the mind

a character struggles against mysterious or magical elements beyond the natural world

a character is in conflict with machines, gadgets, or advanced inventions

• Alicia wrestled with the decision of whether to lie or tell the truth about her friend’s secret.

• The dragon towered over the village, breathing fire as the townspeople fled in terror.

a character is in conflict with other individuals

a character struggles with their own thoughts, emotions, or decisions

a character is in conflict with the rules, norms, or expectations of their world

After weeks of rain, Jesse struggled to keep his farm from flooding.

Simon couldn't get his online application to submit before the deadline because the website kept crashing.

Julia argued with her best friend when they both wanted to be team captain.

A strange force caused the lights to flicker and objects to move in Noah’s house, but no one else noticed.

a character struggles against natural forces or elements, such as weather or animals

Lucy protested with her classmates against the unfair school policy on homework.

The townspeople refused to accept the new laws passed by the government, causing protests in the streets.

this conflict occurs when a character is facing discrimination from a group of people

Elena couldn’t bring herself to speak up during the class debate, even though she knew the answer.

the central character in the story

usually the "good guy"

usually the "bad guy"

the plot of a story is often written from this character’s point of view

goes against the central character in the story

Greg looked up at the bright lights in the operating room until they burned a white spot in his field of vision. He looked at the face of the surgeon and saw only a white blur. When he looked away, he could see the surgeon's masked face from his peripheries. He could hear him readying an array of metal instruments, many of which looked as though they might belong to a dentist. I hope he's not going to use those on me! Greg thought to himself with terror. The surgeon picked up one that looked like a bent up question mark.

We were a tightly knit unit. When one of us ate, all of us ate, and we all ate the same thing: shrubs and plants. Sure, Uncle Sam provided us with C-Rations, but those things produced a smell that could be detected from fifty-yards away, more if the wind was blowing. So even though it took longer to make our meals the way that the natives did, we had too. It was a matter of survival.

"Wow, look at his costume," said Annie. "He's dressed up like an electric jellyfish." She observed the flashing lights with genuine admiration. Adrianna looked at the costume and scoffed. Secretly, she envied the detail and craftsmanship that went into the jellyfish costume, but she would never let on to Annie. “What kind of loser goes walking around like a Christmas tree?” Adrianna said. Annie did not agree, but did not want to be disagreeable. “Yeah… what kind?” The ladies walked by another house. Annie did not like this. It seemed like Adrianna more interested in criticizing others than in trick-or-treating. Annie adjusted the headband to her costume. Adrianna was not wearing a costume.

Andy looked around his room. It was completely trashed. His floors were layered with clothing. Underneath the clothing were random toys. His lamp had a pair of boxer shorts on top of it. Some of his drawers were pulled out completely from his dresser and lying on the floor, others were hanging from the dresser. As Andy walked toward the bed carrying a blanket, he jumped up in the air and exclaimed, "Ahhh! My foot! I hurt my foot!" He peeled back the layers under where he just stepped and found a model plane. He threw it across the room with a crash.

“You can’t go that way, the path is blocked by something evil. No one who has gone down that path has ever returned,” Xandor said to me, his face covered with shadows. We didn’t really have any choice, considering that the black mist was following us. If we went the slow way, we would surely be consumed. I didn’t want to argue with him, so I finished the argument, “Look, Xandor, I’m going. You can chop down trees and clear brush if you want to be fog food, but you’re on your own.” Then I started walking down the forbidden path. It wasn’t long until I heard his footsteps pattering toward me.

Vivian brushed her hair and looked into the mirror. She thought her nose was too big and her face was too round. She sighed. Then she heard her mother call up the stairs, "Vivian, it's time for school!" Vivian replied, "Ok, Mom, I'll be right down!" She put down the brush, grabbed her backpack, and trotted down the stairs. She did not want to go to school, but she knew better than to play around on her mama's time. Her mother met her in the vestibule. She ran her fingers through Vivian's hair and said, "You look beautiful, Viv." Vivian put her head down. She did not believe her mother.

Wham! Jessie slammed the door shut behind him. He didn't say that he was mad, but from how hard he slammed that door, I'm guessing that he was. Caroline came up to me and asked, "What's wrong with him?" I shrugged my shoulders and threw the cards on the table. "I guess he wanted to win a game," I told her. She crossed her arms and gave me a look of annoyance.

You carefully walk through the dragon's lair, afraid to trigger any traps or disturb any sleeping things. Behind you is a rope bridge leading back the way you came. Ahead of you is a pile of gold and magical treasures larger than you could carry with one hundred horses and one hundred wagons. You grab a single gold coin from the pile and admire it. As you pick up the coin, you hear a snarling noise ahead of you. You drop the coin immediately. If you want to hide in the pile of gold, turn to page 22. If you want to go back the way that you came, turn to page 49. If you want to keep walking toward the noise, turn to page 85.

Brian could not bear to be on the roof of the skyscraper any longer. He wasn't usually afraid of heights, but the wind was so strong and Rufus kept messing with him. "Would you try to land on your feet or your head?" Rufus asked with a straight face. Rufus could tell that he was getting to Brian, which only encouraged him to keep going. "Let's go look over the edge, Brian," suggested Rufus, knowing full well that Brian would refuse.

The stars were burning brightly in the night sky. The evening breeze felt cool on my skin. It was the last night of summer break and I was calm, oddly calm. It's not that I was excited to go back to school. I wasn't. School is a lot of work for me. But I was excited to see my friends again, and I knew that she would be there.

It was noon. The sun was high in the blue sky. The air was filled with the sounds of lawn mowers and birds chirping. A door opened. A young boy walked outside. A woman's voice could be heard from the house yelling, "Wait for me, Michael." The young boy did not wait. He ran to the sidewalk and began jumping.

Chuck analyzed the engine. With his experienced gaze, he was able to tell that the vehicle needed a fan belt. He figured that the job would take twenty minutes and cost about ten dollars, but he had bills to pay. He summoned the customer over to him with a wave. "Ma'am," he said, "your vehicle needs a new radiator. It's going to take about four hours and cost around five hundred dollars, he lied. The woman smiled. "So I get my car back tonight?" she asked. "That shouldn't be a problem," replied Chuck. The woman, still smiling, said, "Thanks, Chuck. You're a good guy." Chuck felt a little guilty, but he smiled back at her and said, "You're so welcome."

Anthony was making a snowman in his front yard. He wanted to make the tallest snowman ever. "Making the tallest snowman ever is hard," he thought to himself. As Anthony rolled the snow around to form huge spheres, Justin was watching him from the bushes. Justin had plans too, only his plans involved karate kicking Anthony's very tall snowman. Justin figured that no snowman deserved to be as tall as Anthony's. Justin stretched in preparation for his attack.

Do words in dialogue (quotations, characters speaking back and forth) count toward point of view?

the narrator uses words like I, me, we, us, our, my in their narration

the narrator uses words like you, your, yourself in their narration

the narrator uses words like he, she, him, her, they, them, or character names in their narration

the narrator refers to the reader directly

the narrator is telling a story about other people

Second person is often used in literature.

Point of view shapes the reader's understanding of a story

Reasons, needs, and feelings that cause characters to act the way they do.

when the writer shows what a character is like

when the writer tells what a character is like

Characters that are well-developed individuals with complex personalities and motivations.

Characters that remain the same throughout the story.

Characters that are one-dimensional and lack depth in their characterization.

Characters that undergo significant internal change throughout the story.

A character who doesn't change throughout the story is a

A character who changes or grows over the course of the story is a

At the beginning of the story, Mrs. Smith is very upset that she must teach kindergarten this year. She is worried that she won’t know how to treat the young students. At the end of the story, Mrs. Smith is sad that she won’t be teaching kindergarten next year, because this was the best school year she’s ever had. Mrs. Smith is a _______________ character.

Keith must find a way to earn $100 before the end of the month if he wants to go on an expensive field trip at school. His brother, who is jealous of him, tries to thwart his efforts to earn money. His brother is most likely the_____________.

In this story, the bus driver’s name is Al. The reader knows his name, and that he drives the bus every day. Al doesn’t participate in the plot other than driving the bus. Al is likely a _________________ character.

In this story, Bryan is the main character’s brother. At the beginning of the story, he makes fun of the main character because of her hair cut. At the end of the story, he continues to make fun of the character. Bryan is most likely a

a character we know a lot about

a character we don't know much about

1. Kevin was a selfish boy who only thought about himself.

1. Mrs. White is a cheerful and friendly neighbor.

1. Tom is a very patient person who never gets angry easily.

1. Alex was the smartest student in his class.

1. Sophie was known for her kindness and always had a smile on her face.

1. Mia’s fingers danced across the piano keys, and the audience sat in stunned silence as the beautiful melody filled the room.

1. Kevin refused to share his candy with anyone, clutching it tightly in his fist.

1. Whenever Mrs. White walked by, she greeted everyone with a big smile and a friendly wave.

1. Tom waited calmly while his younger brother struggled to tie his shoes, offering gentle words of encouragement.

1. Alex always finished his assignments before anyone else and often helped his classmates when they were stuck.

Arthur is worried about his test. He used to do well on tests, but lately his grades have been in a downward spiral. He tries to reassure himself, but fails. What type of conflict is Arthur facing?

Everyone in the 6th grade has been waiting for this day. My friend Hadden was excited, too. Spirit week is the best week of school. I jumped out of bed to get ready for the best week ever. Do you like spirit week like me?

A comparison using "like" or "as"

A direct comparison of two things

The repetition of the same letter at the beginning of a word

When something that is not human takes on human qualities

Tyler stood up, popping out of his seat like a toaster strudel.

Kyra hung her head like a dying flower.

My plants are begging for water.

Buzz Buzz!! I could hear the bees getting closer and closer.

We welcomed a new bouncing baby boy to the family this week.

The moon winked at me as I drifted off to sleep.

You are the apple of my eye.

She's just a girl and she's on fire. She's hotter than a fantasy, and lonely like a highway.

The wind is howling

Love is a battlefield.

Shine bright like a diamond

You need to hop of your high horse before your head hits the heavens

I jumped out of bed when I heard a "RING RING" coming from the other room.

What form of figurative language is being used?

"I found myself dreaming

In silver and gold

Like a scene from a movie

That every broken heart knows we were walking on moonlight

And you pulled me close

Split second and you disappeared and then I was all alone."

What form of figurative language is being used?

"I hope you know, I hope you know

That this has nothing to do with you

It’s personal, myself and I

We got some straightening out to do

And I’m gonna miss you like a child misses their blanket

But I’ve got to get a move on with my life

It’s time to be a big girl now

And big girls don’t cry"

What sound device is being used?

"I can show you the world

shining, shimmering, splendid..."

What sound device is being used?

"Boom boom clap

Boom de clap de clap

One, two, three, everybody

C'mon off your seats

I'm gonna tell ya 'bout a beat

That's gonna make ya move your feet"

What form of figurative language is being used in this example?

"Your heart starts beating like a big brass band."

What sound device is being used in this example?

"You're gonna hear me ROAR."

What form of figurative language is being used?

"'If I could fall into the sky

Do you think time would pass me by?

Cause you know I'd walk a thousand miles

If I could just see you tonight"

What form of figurative language is being used?

"Life's a piece of cake

With someone to give

And someone to take

Life's a piece of pie

With someone to wash

And someone to dry

Life's an easy road

With someone beside you to share the load

Life is full of highs

With someone to stir

And someone to fry

Life's a leg of lamb

With someone there to lend a hand

Life's a bunch of flowers

With someone to while away the hours

Life's a filet of fish, eh!

... Yes, it is

Life's a happy song, when there's someone by your side to sing along"

Mood is...

Which term means "the writer's attitude?

The tone is determined by the...

The tone in the quote is...

Which sentence has the most energetic tone?

The mood in this passage is...

"My enemy was making his way down the hall, bursting open door after door. I needed to break through this window in two tries to make it out in time."

The best word to describe the mood in this picture is...

Which tone would you use to write a letter to your grandmother?

The words that determine the tone in this passage are...

"although I had tried hard and had followed the steps of the scientific method, my experiment didn't work. I dragged myself into class and slouched in my seat, not raising my hand

Which words and phrases from the sentence below best shows you the tone?

That waste of a movie really destroyed my Saturday.

How might you describe the tone of the man in the bowtie?

What mood would you associate with this picture?

What word best describes the mood of this passage...

The Christmas tree glittered with glass decorations and sparkling lights. The house smelled of gingerbread and vanilla and the sound of laughter came from the kitchen

Which words and phrases best show the sentimental tone in the passage below?

I got out of the old car and took a few halting steps up the driveway. A cloud of warmth drifted out of the window and embraced me like a comforting hug. I knew that smell: fresh bread that Papa had just taken from the oven. I heard the familiar pitch of his whistle as he slowly stirred tomato soup on the stovetop. I ran to open the screen door because, now, I knew where I was. I was home.

What is mood?

What is tone?

an object, character, or event that represents something

an author's specific words

descriptive language that appeals to the senses

a recurring element that appears multiple times in a story

In order to be a symbol, something must...

In order to be a motif, something must...

True/False: Symbol and Motif are the same thing.

Which of these does diction NOT impact?

Which of the following does imagery NOT do?

What is a literary device?

check ALL that are literary devices

something that represents something and is repeated throughout the story

What sense does this imagery appeal to?

The sky exploded into a brilliant array of pink and orange hues as dusk settled over the horizon.

What sense does this imagery appeal to?

The steady patter of raindrops on the window created a soft, rhythmic melody.

What sense does this imagery appeal to?

The sip of iced lemonade unleashed a sharp, tangy burst of citrus on my tongue.

What sense does this imagery appeal to?

The rich aroma of freshly ground coffee beans filled the room with a deep, roasted scent.

What sense does this imagery appeal to?

The cool, smooth marble glided beneath my fingertips, its polished surface unmistakably sleek.