WorksheetsChapter 9 Vocabulary Words
Total questions: 33
Worksheet time: 6mins
The entire group being studied.
Population
Sample
Variable
Data
A subset of the population selected for analysis.
Population
Sample
Variable
Data
A characteristic or property that can take different values.
Population
Sample
Variable
Data
Collected values of variables (e.g., numbers, categories).
Population
Sample
Variable
Data
ata that represent categories (e.g.,
gender, colors).
Qualitative (Categorical) Data
Quantitative (Numerical) Data
Discrete Data
Continuous Data
Data that represent numbers (e.g., height,
age)
Qualitative (Categorical) Data
Quantitative (Numerical) Data
Discrete Data
Continuous Data
Countable values (e.g., number of students in a
class).
Qualitative (Categorical) Data
Quantitative (Numerical) Data
Discrete Data
Continuous Data
Measured values that can take any number within
a range (e.g., weight, time).
Qualitative (Categorical) Data
Quantitative (Numerical) Data
Discrete Data
Continuous Data
Sum of values divided by the number of values.
Mean (Average)
Median
Mode
The middle value when data are arranged in order.
Mean (Average)
Median
Mode
The most frequently occurring value in a dataset
Mean (Average)
Median
Mode
Difference between the maximum and minimum values
Range
Variance
Standard Deviation
Interquartile Range (IQR)
The average squared deviation from the mean.
Range
Variance
Standard Deviation
Interquartile Range (IQR)
A measure of how spread out data values are.
Range
Variance
Standard Deviation
Interquartile Range (IQR)
The range between the first (Q1) and third
quartile (Q3).
Range
Variance
Standard Deviation
Interquartile Range (IQR)
The likelihood of an event occurring.
Probability
Normal Distribution
Skewness
Kurtosis
A symmetric, bell-shaped distribution where most
data falls near the mean.
Probability
Normal Distribution
Skewness
Kurtosis
A measure of asymmetry in a distribution
Probability
Normal Distribution
Skewness
Kurtosis
A measure of the "tailedness" of a distribution.
Probability
Normal Distribution
Skewness
Kurtosis
A method for making decisions using data.
Hypothesis Testing
Null Hypothesis (H₀)
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁ or Ha)
The assumption that there is no effect or no
difference.
Hypothesis Testing
Null Hypothesis (H₀)
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁ or Ha)
The assumption that there is an effect
or difference.
Hypothesis Testing
Null Hypothesis (H₀)
Alternative Hypothesis (H₁ or Ha)
The probability of obtaining the observed result if the null
hypothesis is true.
p-value
Confidence Interval
Significance Level (α)
A range of values that is likely to contain the
population parameter
p-value
Confidence Interval
Significance Level (α)
The threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis
(often 0.05)
p-value
Confidence Interval
Significance Level (α)
A measure of the relationship between two variables.
Correlation
Correlation Coefficient (r)
Regression Analysis
Linear Regression
A value between -1 and 1 that indicates the
strength and direction of a relationship
Correlation
Correlation Coefficient (r)
Regression Analysis
Linear Regression
A method for modeling relationships between
variables
Correlation
Correlation Coefficient (r)
Regression Analysis
Linear Regression
A model that describes the relationship between two
variables using a straight line.
Correlation
Correlation Coefficient (r)
Regression Analysis
Linear Regression
A systematic error in data collection or analysis
Bias
Sampling Error
Outlier
Degrees of Freedom
The difference between a sample statistic and the true
population parameter.
Bias
Sampling Error
Outlier
Degrees of Freedom
A data point that is significantly different from others in the
dataset
Bias
Sampling Error
Outlier
Degrees of Freedom
The number of values in a calculation that are free to
vary.
Bias
Sampling Error
Outlier
Degrees of Freedom
