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WorksheetsChapter 8 Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Total questions: 21
Worksheet time: 11mins
Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?
algorithm
heuristic
cognition
mental set
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of
the availability heuristic.
belief perseverance.
an algorithm.
framing.
Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called
fixations
heuristics
prototypes
algorithms
The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to
save time in solving problems.
yield more accurate solutions to problems.
minimize the overconfidence phenomenon.
involve greater reliance on convergent thinking.
The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to
search for information that supports our preconceptions.
judge the likelihood of events on the basis of how easily we can remember examples of them.
overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.
make judgments in a very inefficient, time-consuming fashion.
Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Zumpano, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano’s surveillance strategy best illustrates
the availability heuristic.
confirmation bias.
framing.
belief perseverance.
Some people are unable to arrange six matchsticks to form four equilateral triangles because they fail to consider a three-dimensional arrangement. This best illustrates the effects of ________ on problem solving.
fixation
heuristics
framing
overconfidence
Wording a question or presenting an issue in such a way that it evokes a desired judgment is called
framing
confirmation bias
belief perseverance
an algorithm
Consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as “75 percent lean” than to ground beef described as “25 percent fat.” This illustrates that consumer reactions are influenced by
belief perseverance
confirmation bias
the availability heuristic
framing
Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)
inborn ability to perform well on standard intelligence tests.
mental ability to learn from experience.
general trait that underlies success on nearly any task.
multiple array of completely independent adaptive traits.
Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ relatively independent intelligences.
three
five
nine
twelve
Chandra is very athletic and is able to quickly master new and complex dance routines. Howard Gardner would be most likely to suggest that Chandra demonstrates a high level of
social intelligence
spatial intelligence
emotional intelligence
bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
Which of the following observations provides the BEST evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by environmental factors?
Fraternal twins have more similar intelligence scores than ordinary siblings.
Children’s intelligence scores are positively correlated with those of their parents.
Identical twins have more similar intelligence scores than fraternal twins.
The intelligence scores of siblings raised together are positively correlated.
Which of the following observations provides the BEST evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity?
Japanese children have higher average intelligence scores than do American children.
Identical twins raised together are more similar in their intelligence scores than identical twins raised separately.
The intelligence scores of children are positively correlated with the intelligence scores of their parents.
Identical twins raised separately are more similar in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins raised together.
Who argued for a classification of nine independent intelligences, which include musical, spatial, and bodily-kinesthetic aptitudes?
Charles Spearman
Howard Gardner
William Stern
Robert Sternberg
Tests designed to predict the ability to learn new skills are called
interest inventories
factor analyses
standardized assessments
aptitude tests
Melinda completed the Computer Programming Aptitude Test when she applied for a position with Beta Electronics. Six months later, she took the same test when she applied for a position with another company. The fact that her scores were almost identical on the two occasions suggests that the test has a high degree of
bias
reliability
validity
standardization
Your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the _______ of the test.
reliability
factor analysis
standardization
validity
Jim, age 55, plays basketball with much younger adults and is concerned that his teammates might consider his age to hinder their game outcome. His concern actually undermines his athletic performance. This best illustrates the impact of
a growth mind-set.
factor analysis.
emotional intelligence.
stereotype threat.
Older people's capacity to understand the meaning of words does not decline as much as their capacity to engage in abstract reasoning. This best illustrates the stability of
emotional intelligence.
crystallized intelligence.
cross-sectional intelligence.
fluid intelligence.
Eva had difficulty recognizing that a sea horse was a fish because it did not closely resemble her fish
fixation.
heuristic.
algorithm.
prototype.
