A system of government where supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation, typically involving periodic free and fair elections.

A form of government where a single ruler holds absolute power and authority.

A political system where decisions are made by a small group of elites without public input.

A system where the government is controlled by a military force, often leading to authoritarian rule.

The first written constitution of the United States, which established a weak national government and was eventually replaced by the U.S. Constitution.

A treaty that ended the Revolutionary War between the United States and Great Britain.

The document that declared the independence of the United States from British rule.

The framework for the current federal government of the United States.

A system where one branch of government can overpower the others.

A method to ensure that all branches of government work independently.

A system in which each branch of government has the power to limit the actions of the other branches, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful.

A process that allows citizens to vote on government decisions.

An amendment that guarantees the right to free speech.

An amendment that protects against self-incrimination and guarantees due process.

An amendment that allows for the quartering of soldiers in private homes.

An amendment that prohibits the right to bear arms.

A group that supported a strong national government.

A group that opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and advocated for a weaker national government and stronger state governments.

A political party that emerged in the 19th century advocating for federalism.

A coalition of states that sought independence from the United States.

To support a decision made by a lower authority.

To overrule or set aside a decision or action, especially by a higher authority.

To create a new rule that contradicts an existing one.

To approve a decision made by a higher authority.

A compromise that allowed enslaved individuals to be counted as full persons for representation purposes.

A compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that determined that each enslaved person would count as three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation purposes.

A compromise that established the abolition of slavery in the United States.

A compromise that set the voting age to 21 years.

The branch of government responsible for making laws and overseeing their implementation.

The branch of government responsible for interpreting laws, administering justice, and resolving legal disputes, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts.

The branch of government responsible for enforcing laws and ensuring public safety.

The branch of government responsible for conducting elections and managing public resources.

A system where the government has unlimited powers.

A system of government where the powers of the government are restricted, typically through a constitution or other legal documents.

A government that operates without any laws or regulations.

A system where the government controls all aspects of life.

A system of government where the executive branch is independent of the legislative branch.

A system of government where the executive branch is chosen by and accountable to the legislative branch.

A system of government where the legislative branch has no power over the executive branch.

A system of government where the head of state is also the head of government.

An amendment that protects the right to bear arms.

An amendment that abolished slavery.

An amendment that protects the freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

An amendment that established the income tax.

A French philosopher who advocated for the separation of powers in government, arguing that dividing power among different branches would prevent tyranny.

A British economist known for his theories on free markets and capitalism.

An Italian political theorist famous for his work on the principles of monarchy.

A German philosopher who focused on existentialism and the nature of reality.

Specific powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, outlined in Article I, Section 8, which include the ability to tax, regulate commerce, and declare war.

Powers that are not explicitly stated in the Constitution but are implied through the Necessary and Proper Clause.

Powers that are reserved for the states and not granted to the federal government.

Powers that Congress can exercise only during times of war.

The leader of the Senate

The presiding officer of the House of Representatives, elected by its members.

The chief justice of the Supreme Court

The president of the United States

A system where citizens vote directly on laws and policies.

A form of democracy where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf.

A government system where a single ruler has absolute power.

A type of democracy that only allows participation from a select group of citizens.

The upper chamber of Congress responsible for approving treaties.

The lower chamber of Congress, where representatives are elected based on the population of each state, responsible for creating and voting on legislation.

A committee that oversees the budget and financial matters of the government.

A group of elected officials who represent the interests of the President.

Directives issued by the President of the United States that have the force of law, but are not passed by Congress.

Laws passed by Congress that require the President's approval.

Regulations set by state governors that affect local governments.

Judicial decisions made by the Supreme Court that interpret the Constitution.

An agreement during the Constitutional Convention that created a two-house legislature, combining elements of both the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan.

A proposal to establish a single legislative body with equal representation for all states.

A plan that favored larger states by providing representation based on population.

An agreement that abolished the Electoral College in favor of direct popular vote.

An American Founding Father and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence.

A famous inventor known for the light bulb.

The first president of the United States.

A prominent Civil War general.