WorksheetsDNA/RNA/ Protein Synthesis
Total questions: 48
Worksheet time: 38mins
2. The structure of DNA is described as:
a double helix
a single strand
a triple helix
a quadruple strand
3. What are Chargaff’s base pairing rules?
A pairs with T, and C pairs with G
A pairs with C, and G pairs with T
A pairs with G, and C pairs with T
A pairs with A, and C pairs with C
How many H-bonds can cytosine and guanine make?
(a)
How many H-bonds can adenine make with thymine?
(a)
7. When and where does DNA replication occur?
During the S phase of the cell cycle in the nucleus
During the G1 phase of the cell cycle in the cytoplasm
During mitosis in the mitochondria
During cytokinesis in the ribosome
Put the following DNA Replication steps in order:
DNA helicase unzips the original DNA strand 2. Stabilizing proteins hold open the DNA strand.
Stabilizing proteins hold open the DNA strand.
Primase adds RNA primers to both DNA strands
DNA polymerase moves along the individual DNA strands and adds a complementary nucleotide to each strand thereby making an identical copy.
Ligase glues DNA fragments together.
DNA replication happens in what direction?
5’ to 3’
3’ to 5’
What is the product of DNA replication?
Two identical DNA molecules
One RNA molecule
Two different DNA molecules
One protein molecule
With respect to DNA replication, the term semi-conservative means:
each of the two daughter DNA molecules will have one old strand and one newly synthesized strand.
both strands of the daughter DNA molecules are newly synthesized.
one of the daughter DNA molecules is entirely old DNA, and the other is entirely new DNA.
the original DNA molecule is conserved, and a completely new DNA molecule is synthesized.
The new DNA strand is identical / different than the original strand. (Circle one)
identical
different
The term “Central Dogma” refers to:
The process of DNA replication
The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein
The structure of the cell membrane
The theory of evolution
A codon is a sequence of how many nucleotides?
One
Two
Three
Four
The function of a termination codon (STOP codon) is to:
initiate protein synthesis
terminate protein synthesis
elongate the polypeptide chain
modify the polypeptide chain
Which base is found in DNA but not in RNA?
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil
Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Adenine
Thymine
Uracil
Cytosine
Where does DNA stay within a cell?
Where can RNA go within a cell?
Put these steps of transcription in order. Begin by opening up the DNA strand.
Helicase “unwinds” DNA helix
RNA polymerase binds to one strand of the DNA helix and moves along the DNA strand like a train on a track
RNA polymerase pairs the base in the DNA nucleotide with its complementary RNA base
Nucleotide sequences at the end tell RNA polymerase when to stop and the mRNA passes out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Explain the process that occurs when amino acids add to the end of a growing protein chain until a 'stop' codon is read. Why does the process stop?
Amino acids add to a growing protein chain until a 'stop' codon is read, which signals the termination of protein synthesis.
Amino acids continue to add indefinitely without any stop codon.
The process stops due to a lack of amino acids.
The process stops because the protein chain reaches a predetermined length.
If the mRNA reads AAU, the amino acid is ________________
Asparagine (ASN)
Lysine (Lys)
Phenylalanine (Phe)
Serine (Ser)
Although the (a) codes for the amino acid, the (b) brings the amino acid to the (c) at the ribosome. The tRNA knows which (d) to bring because the tRNA complementary base pairs with the mRNA. Remember that RNA has (e) instead of thymine.
What nucleotide codes for the amino acid? (i.e. what do you use to read the genetic code?) mRNA
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Where does transcription occur?
in the nucleus
in the cytoplasm
in the ribosome
in the mitochondria
Where does translation occur?
at the ribosome in the cytoplasm
in the nucleus
in the mitochondria
in the Golgi apparatus
What amino acid also serves as a start codon?
Methionine
Leucine
Valine
Serine
The principle shown in the image is called what?
Transcription
The Central Dogma
Translation
The Principle of Proteins
Match the following terms...
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
What step in the protein synthesis process is this showing?
(a)
mRNA
carrying instructions from DNA
tRNA
carries an amino acid
rRNA
site of protein synthesis
What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:
CCA-GAG-UAG
Write your answer like this: ___-___-___
(a)
Label this image:
1= (a)
2= (b)
4= (c)
7= (d)
Identify the following:
Letter D
nucleotide
phosphate
adenine
deoxyribose sugar
Which of the following are purines?
adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
uracil
Which of the following are pyrimidines?
adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
uracil
Which of the following describes the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?
Purines are single ring structures while pyrimidines are double ring structures.
Pyrimidines are single ring structures while purines are double ring structures.
Purines are composed of single bonds while pyrimidines are composed of double bonds.
Pyrimidines are composed of single bonds while purines are composed of double bonds.
Identify label the three components of a nucleotide.
The enzyme that unwinds and unzips the DNA to prepare for replication is:
Which is the last step of DNA replication?
RNA Helicase unwinds original DNA strand
DNA Primase lays down RNA primer for new nucleotide bases.
RNA polymerase builds new strands by bring in new nucleotide bases.
Ligase knits together fragments on lagging strand
Which organelle is the location where protein is made?
Ribosome
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Nucleotide
What is translation?
the process in which DNA is copied to make another molecule of DNA
the process in which DNA is coded into mRNA
the process in which mRNA is decoded into a protein
the process in which enzymes break down mRNA
The process shown in the diagram is (a)
The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.
Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be
Semi- Conservative
Semi-discontinuous
Continuous
Fully-Conserveative
Which enzyme is responsible for gluing DNA fragments together during replication?
Ligase
Topoisomerase
Primase
Helicase
True or False: The STOP codon does not have an anticodon
True
False
