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WorksheetsSix Sigma Quiz
Total questions: 58
Worksheet time: 29mins
What does Six Sigma describe in a statistical sense?
A process, product, or service with extremely low capability
A process, product, or service with extremely high capability
A program designed to increase defects
A method to increase costs
What is one of the goals of a Six Sigma program?
Increase defects
Increase costs
Save time and improve customer satisfaction
Decrease customer satisfaction
Who insisted that management accept responsibility for building good systems?
Peter Drucker
W. Edwards Deming
Henry Ford
Frederick Taylor
What does managing quality support according to the text?
High cost and low differentiation strategies
Differentiation, low cost, and response strategies
Only differentiation strategies
Only response strategies
What is affected by the lack of quality in an organization?
Only the supplier
Only the customer
The entire organization from supplier to customer
Only the product design
Which of the following is a user-based definition of quality?
Better performance, more features
Conformance to standards
Precise and measurable attributes
Cost efficiency
What is the first step in constructing control charts?
Compute the overall means
Collect 20 to 25 samples
Graph the sample means
Investigate points or patterns
At what level are control limits usually set when computing overall means for control charts?
95%
99.73%
90%
85%
If a process is not currently stable, which symbol is used to calculate limits instead of X̄?
μ
σ
R̄
Σ
What should be done if points or patterns indicate the process is out of control?
Ignore the variation
Assign causes and address them
Increase sample size
Reduce the number of samples
What is the objective of a process control system?
To provide a statistical signal when assignable causes of variation are present
To ensure all products are identical
To eliminate all variations in production
To increase production speed
What is a measure of the relationship between the natural variation of the process and the specifications called?
Process Capability
Statistical Process Control
Quality Assurance
Production Efficiency
What are natural variations also known as?
Common causes
Assignable causes
Random errors
Systematic errors
What do output measures of natural variations follow?
A probability distribution
A linear trend
A constant value
An exponential growth
What is the purpose of assignable variations in a process?
To measure central tendency and dispersion
To discover when assignable causes are present
To increase the number of defects
To ignore special causes of variation
Which control chart is used to represent central tendency and target means?
R Chart
P Chart
X Bar Chart
C Chart
What is the main use of a C Chart?
To measure central tendency
To determine the range of variation
To figure out the number of defects per single item
To calculate the percentage of defects in a group
Why do X and R charts need to be used together?
To measure only central tendency
To ensure control for central tendency and variation
To calculate the percentage of defects
To measure only variability
What do P & C Charts measure in quality control?
Quantity of products
Time taken for production
Something as good or bad
Cost of production
Which of the following is a factor in location decisions at the country level?
Corporate desires
Attractiveness of region
Political risks and government rules
Costs and availability of utilities
What is considered when making location decisions at the regional/community level?
Exchange rates and currency risks
Cultural and economic issues
Labor availability and costs
Location of markets
What is the purpose of using A2, D3, & D4 in quality control?
To calculate production costs
To determine product design
To calculate UCL and LCL
To assess market trends
Which of the following is a factor considered in location decisions for a site?
Site size and cost
Traffic counts
Purchasing power
Rent amount
What is a key factor in location decisions for manufacturing?
Traffic counts
Transportation costs
Rent amount
Customer density
Which method is used to find the location of distribution centers that minimizes distribution costs?
Factor-rating method
Center-of-gravity method
Geographic Information Systems
Demographic analysis
What is a factor important for service and retail location decisions?
Energy and utility costs
Proximity to raw materials
Parking/access
Zoning restrictions
What is a key characteristic of a product-oriented layout?
Puts fabricated parts together at a series of workstations
Groups alike machines and equipment together
Handles a wide variety of products or services
Minimizes the costs of material handling
In a process-oriented layout, what is a basic cost element?
Number of loads moving between centers
Sequence of events in manufacturing
Amount of idle time
Balancing work tasks
Which layout is more concerned with efficiency and balancing the amount of time each workstation has?
Product-oriented layout
Process-oriented layout
Flexible layout
Service-oriented layout
What is a challenge associated with process-oriented layouts?
Scheduling and setup can be difficult
Paced by work tasks
Balanced by moving tasks
No idle time
What does load-distance analysis examine in a business setting?
The cost of employee training
The interaction between departments
The efficiency of supply chain management
The environmental impact of production
Which of the following is NOT a component of a good layout?
Material-handling equipment
Employee satisfaction
Capacity and space requirements
Environmental and aesthetics
What is a key factor in make-or-buy decisions?
Employee turnover rates
Choosing between external and internal production
Marketing strategies
Customer feedback
What is one of the benefits of outsourcing mentioned in the text?
Increased employee benefits
Transfer of traditional internal activities to outside vendors
Higher production costs
Decreased specialization
What is the biggest impact on the bottom line according to supply chain management importance?
Employee training programs
Supply chain uses
Marketing campaigns
Customer service improvements
What is the Bullwhip Effect in supply chain management?
A decrease in order size as it moves through the supply chain
An increase in order size as it moves through the supply chain
A constant order size throughout the supply chain
A decrease in supply chain costs
What is forward integration in supply chain management?
Moving towards the supplier
Moving towards the customer
Moving towards the manufacturer
Moving towards the distributor
In a push system, when are items pushed through the supply chain?
After an order is placed
Before sales have occurred
When inventory is low
When demand is high
What does Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) involve?
The retailer managing inventory levels
The supplier managing inventory levels
The customer managing inventory levels
The manufacturer managing inventory levels
What is the purpose of postponement in supply chain management?
To speed up production
To withhold modification as long as possible
To increase inventory levels
To decrease supply chain costs
What does Lean operations encompass?
JIT and TPS
TQM and TPS
JIT and TQM
TPS and Six Sigma
In a Lean system, what is the level of inventory?
Maximum level
Minimum level
Average level
Fluctuating level
What is one of the fundamental issues addressed by TQM?
Increase waste
Remove variability
Increase variability
Reduce throughput
What is the primary focus of TQM?
Reducing costs
Putting equality first
Increasing inventory
Enhancing supplier relationships
Which concept of TQM involves a never-ending process where every operation can be improved?
Continuous improvement
Six Sigma
Benchmarking
Taguchi concepts
What is the primary goal of Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory?
To increase inventory levels
To eliminate all waste
To extend delivery times
To reduce supplier relationships
Which TQM concept involves selecting best practices to use as a standard for performance?
Employee empowerment
Benchmarking
Just-in-time (JIT)
Knowledge of TQM tools
In a JIT system, what is considered the primary form of waste in the production process?
Excessive quality control
Movement of parts and people
Overproduction
Employee training
What does the Taguchi concept focus on in TQM?
Employee involvement
Quality robustness and experimental design
Inventory reduction
Benchmarking best practices
What is a key characteristic of supplier partnerships in a JIT system?
Suppliers work independently to reduce costs.
Suppliers and purchasers work together to remove waste.
Suppliers focus on increasing inventory.
Suppliers prioritize long-distance communication.
How does distance reduction contribute to JIT and Lean systems?
By increasing the size of storage facilities.
By using larger, less flexible cells.
By using smaller, U-shaped cells for shorter paths.
By focusing on long-term storage solutions.
What is the purpose of increased facility design flexibility in JIT systems?
To maintain a fixed design regardless of changes.
To allow work cells to be rearranged as volume or designs change.
To increase the number of permanent storage units.
To focus solely on reducing employee numbers.
Why is reducing setup costs important in JIT systems?
It increases the average inventory.
It reduces lot size and average inventory.
It focuses on increasing the number of suppliers.
It prioritizes long-term storage solutions.
What is the role of Kanban in Lean scheduling?
To process large batches infrequently.
To process frequent small batches.
To increase the number of suppliers.
To focus on long-term storage solutions.
What does the word "Kanban" mean in Japanese?
Card or signal
Process or system
Inventory or stock
Production or rate
In which type of system is Kanban used?
Push system
Pull system
Inventory system
Production system
What is the purpose of a Kanban card in a production process?
To authorize the next container of material to be produced
To increase the speed of production
To reduce the number of workers needed
To eliminate the need for inventory
How do Kanban cards affect work-in-process inventory?
They increase the inventory
They provide direct control and limit the inventory
They have no effect on the inventory
They eliminate the need for inventory
