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Minerals and Rock Cycle Questions

Total questions: 39

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which mineral belongs in the same mineral group as quartz and olivine?

a)

zincite

b)

willemite

c)

sphalerite

d)

smithsonite

2.

Most rock gypsum (sedimentary rock) is formed in

a)

heating of previously existing foliated bedrock

b)

cooling and solidification of lava

c)

compaction and cementation of skeletal remains

d)

chemical precipitation of minerals from seawater

3.

Which common mineral fizzes when dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) is placed on it?

a)

calcite

b)

feldspar

c)

quartz

d)

talc

4.

Which New York State landscape region has surface bedrock composed mostly of intensely metamorphosed rock?

a)

Adirondack Highlands

b)

the Catskills

c)

Erie-Ontario Lowlands

d)

Tug Hill Plateau

5.

Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak, and is an ore of iron?

a)

galena

b)

magnetite

c)

pyroxene

d)

graphite

6.

Which element combines with silicon to form the tetrahedral unit of structure of the silicate minerals? This is the most abundant element in the crust.

a)

oxygen

b)

nitrogen

c)

potassium

d)

hydrogen

7.

Which New York landscape region is composed primarily of Cretaceous through Pleistocene unconsolidated sediments?

a)

Champlain Lowlands

b)

Erie-Ontario Lowlands

c)

Hudson-Mohawk Lowlands

d)

Atlantic Coastal Plain

8.

In which group are all the earth materials classified as minerals?

a)

feldspar, quartz, and olivine

b)

granite, rhyolite, and basalt

c)

cobbles, pebbles, and silt

d)

conglomerate, sandstone, and shale

9.

Which mineral will scratch glass (hardness = 5.5), but not pyrite?

a)

gypsum

b)

fluorite

c)

orthoclase

d)

quartz

10.

Metamorphic rocks that formed from these forces are represented by which lettered box in the flowchart?

a)

A) A

b)

B) B

c)

C) E

d)

D) F

11.

What is the approximate density of a mineral with a mass of 262.2 grams that displaces 46 cubic centimeters of water?

a)

1.8 g/cm³

b)

5.7 g/cm³

c)

6.1 g/cm³

d)

12.2 g/cm³

12.

The element silicon (Si) is used in the production of cell phones. Which mineral could be a possible source of this silicon?

a)

calcite

b)

galena

c)

halite

d)

quartz

13.

Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows three minerals with three different physical tests, A, B, and C, being performed on them. Which sequence correctly matches each test, A, B, and C, with the mineral property tested?

a)

A) A–cleavage; B–streak; C–hardness

b)

B) A–cleavage; B–hardness; C–streak

c)

C) A–streak; B–cleavage; C–hardness

d)

D) A–streak; B–hardness; C–cleavage

14.

A primary difference between sedimentary rocks and non-sedimentary rocks is that

a)

non-sedimentary rocks contain an abundance of fossils

b)

non-sedimentary rocks originate in regions of great heat and/or pressure

c)

sedimentary rocks are currently found only in marine locations

d)

sedimentary rocks are formed at plate boundaries

15.

Which mineral would most likely become rounded at the fastest rate when tumbled along

a)

garnet

b)

pyroxene

c)

plagioclase feldspar

d)

selenite gypsum

16.

Which mineral has a chemical composition most similar to andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite?

a)

pyrite

b)

gypsum

c)

dolomite

d)

potassium feldspar

17.

Which statement about the formation of a rock is best supported by the rock cycle?

a)

Magma must be weathered before it can change to metamorphic rock.

b)

Sediment must be compacted and cemented before it can change to sedimentary rock.

c)

Sedimentary rock must melt before it can change to metamorphic rock.

d)

Metamorphic rock must melt before it can change to sedimentary rock.

18.

Which New York State landscape region is composed primarily of metamorphic bedrock at its surface?

a)

Manhattan Prong

b)

Allegheny Plateau

c)

St. Lawrence Lowlands

d)

Erie-Ontario Lowlands

19.

Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

a)

A) A fingernail will scratch calcite but not gypsum.

b)

B) Calcite will be scratched by a copper penny.

c)

C) The mineral apatite will scratch topaz.

d)

D) A steel file has a hardness of about 7.5.

20.

In which landscape region of New York State will nonsedimentary bedrock be found at the surface?

a)

Adirondack Highlands

b)

Appalachian Uplands

c)

Erie-Ontario Lowlands

d)

Tug Hill Plateau

21.

Tilted, slightly metamorphosed rock layers such as these are typically found in which New York State landscape region?

a)

Taconic Mountains

b)

Atlantic Coastal Plain

c)

Tug Hill Plateau

d)

Erie-Ontario Lowlands

22.

The main difference between sedimentary and nonsedimentary rocks is

a)

means by which they are located

b)

conditions under which they are formed

c)

minerals of which they are composed

d)

locations in which they are found

23.

Which two mineral samples would be most difficult to distinguish from each other based on their color, luster, and streak?

a)

halite and quartz

b)

halite and gold

c)

galena and quartz

d)

galena and gold

24.

In the simple rock-cycle diagram, which processes along path X would change the schist (stage C) directly into a pile of sediments (stage A)?

a)

uplift, weathering, and erosion of the schist

b)

cementing of sediment grains followed by compaction

c)

melting of the schist followed by cooling

d)

heat and/or pressure applied to the schist

25.

Which mineral has a different common color from its color in powdered form?

a)

brucite

b)

canallite

c)

magnesite

d)

olivine

26.

The diagram below shows how a sample of the mineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer. This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because it

a)

A) is very hard

b)

B) is very dense

c)

C) contains large amounts of iron

d)

D) has a regular arrangement of atoms

27.

Which mineral contains the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust?

a)

chalcopyrite

b)

fayalite

c)

apatite

d)

barite

28.

Which chemical formula represents the composition of a mineral that usually exhibits fracture, not cleavage?

a)

Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

b)

NaCl

c)

CaCO₃

d)

(Fe,Mg)₂SiO₄

29.

The surface bedrock of the Tug Hill Plateau landscape region is mostly composed of

a)

igneous rock of Silurian age

b)

sediments of Tertiary age

c)

metamorphic rock of Precambrian age

d)

sedimentary rock of Ordovician age

30.

Which New York State landscape region is composed mainly of metamorphosed surface bedrock?

a)

Taconic Mountains

b)

Allegheny Plateau

c)

Atlantic Coastal Plain

d)

Erie-Ontario Lowlands

31.

Which statement is best supported by this scale?

a)

A) A fingernail will scratch calcite, but not quartz.

b)

B) A fingernail will scratch quartz, but not calcite.

c)

C) A piece of glass can be scratched by quartz, but not by calcite.

d)

D) A piece of glass can be scratched by calcite, but not by quartz.

32.

Which New York State landscape region resulted from the deposition of Cretaceous and Tertiary sands and gravels by continental ice sheets?

a)

Adirondack Highlands

b)

Tug Hill Plateau

c)

Appalachian Uplands

d)

Atlantic Coastal Plain

33.

The diagrams below illustrate a specific property of certain minerals. This property is most closely related to the

a)

arrangement of atoms in the mineral

b)

impurities found in the mineral

c)

softness of the mineral

d)

density of the mineral

34.

The photograph below shows a broken piece of the mineral calcite. The calcite breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because calcite

a)

is very dense

b)

is very soft

c)

contains certain impurities

d)

has a regular arrangement of atoms

35.

Which statement is supported by information in the Rock Cycle diagram in the Earth Science Reference Tables?

a)

Metamorphic rock results directly from melting and crystallization.

b)

Sedimentary rock can only be formed from igneous rock.

c)

Igneous rock always results from melting and solidification.

d)

All sediments turn directly into sedimentary rock.

36.

Base your answer to the following question on the Earth Science Reference Tables and the map below. The map shows the major landscape regions of New York State. Salt deposits are often found in bedrock of Silurian age. Which landscape region in New York State most likely contains salt deposits?

a)

Adirondack Highlands

b)

Taconic Mountains

c)

Atlantic Coastal Lowlands

d)

Erie-Ontario Lowlands

37.

Which diagram represents a landscape where fine-grained igneous bedrock is most likely to be found?

a)

A)

b)

B)

c)

C)

d)

D)

38.

The photographs below show samples of two different rocks, labeled A and B. The arrow represents the process by which a rock like rock A can change into a rock like rock B. Which process does the arrow represent?

a)

metamorphism

b)

erosion

c)

melting

d)

cementation

39.

Minerals are formed by ​ (a)   processes such as ​ (b)   and ​ (c)  

Choose from the below words

natural

chemical

geological

biological

fixed

radioactive