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Midterm Review Spring 25

Total questions: 99

Worksheet time: 3hrs 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What were the main negative consequences of the Columbian Exchange?

a)

many Native Americans died, diseases were spread, slavery began

b)

new foods and resources

c)

the Old World brought terrible music to the New World

d)

none - it was all good

2.

What was one of the primary motives for European exploration during the Age of Exploration?

a)

To establish democratic governments in new territories

b)

To find new trade routes to Asia

c)

To spread the Industrial Revolution

d)

To escape religious persecution

3.

Which of the following was a significant impact of European exploration on indigenous peoples in the Americas?

a)

The introduction of the printing press

b)

The spread of European diseases

c)

The establishment of indigenous empires

d)

The creation of new languages

4.

What was the primary purpose of the Transatlantic Slave Trade?

a)

To promote cultural exchanges between Africa and Europe

b)

To provide labor for plantations in the Americas

c)

To establish new trade routes to Asia

d)

To spread Christianity in Africa

5.

Which of the following was a cultural exchange that occurred as a result of the Columbian Exchange?

a)

The introduction of horses to the Americas

b)

The spread of Buddhism to Europe

c)

The development of the Silk Road

d)

The invention of the steam engine

6.

Which European country was the first to begin large-scale exploration during the Age of Exploration?

a)

Spain

b)

Portugal

c)

England

d)

France

7.

Which indigenous empire was conquered by Hernán Cortés during the Age of Exploration?

a)

The Inca Empire

b)

The Aztec Empire

c)

The Mayan Empire

d)

The Olmec Empire

8.

What was a major effect of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on African societies?

a)

The unification of African kingdoms

b)

The depopulation and destabilization of many African regions

c)

The spread of European languages in Africa

d)

The establishment of African colonies in Europe

9.

What was one of the main reasons for the decline of indigenous populations in the Americas after European contact?

a)

Overpopulation

b)

European military conquest

c)

Diseases such as smallpox and measles

d)

Natural disasters

10.

What was the primary economic system that developed in the Americas as a result of European colonization and the Transatlantic Slave Trade?

a)

Feudalism

b)

Capitalism

c)

Mercantilism

d)

Socialism

11.

Which explorer is credited with the first circumnavigation of the Earth?

a)

Christopher Columbus

b)

Ferdinand Magellan

c)

Vasco da Gama

d)

John Cabot

12.

What was one of the cultural impacts of the Columbian Exchange on the Americas?

a)

The introduction of European art styles

b)

The spread of African languages

c)

The introduction of European musical instruments

d)

The adoption of European agricultural techniques

13.
Which term best defines the concept that the earth is the center of the universe?
a)
Heliocentric
b)
Geocentric
c)
Eurocentric
d)
Egotistical
14.
Which term best defines the concept that the sun is the center of the universe?
a)
heliocentric
b)
geocentric
c)
Ethnocentric
d)
Eurocentric
15.
The 6-step procedure based on observation and experimentation is called...  
a)
Planetary Model
b)
Philosophical Method
c)
Pavlov's Hierarchy of Needs
d)
the Scientific Method
16.

He was a polish mathematician and astronomer who was first to determine that the sun was the center of the solar system.

a)

Galilieo

b)

Humes

c)

Copernicus

d)

Descartes

17.

A German mathematician who was known for his laws of planetary motion in elliptical orbits around the sun.

a)

Leviticus

b)

Kepler

c)

Columbus

d)

Newton

18.

Who was the Italian physicist and astronomer who proved that objects of different weights, if dropped from the same height, fell at the same rate of speec. He was also responsible discovering the law of the pendulum.

a)

Galileo

b)

Vesalius

c)

Hooke

d)

Boyle

19.

Who was the English scientist who discovered the laws of gravitation?

a)

Galileo

b)

Newton

c)

Kepler

d)

Copernicus

20.
Who created an improved telescope that confirmed the findings of Copernicus?
a)
Ptolemy
b)
Nicolaus
c)
Galileo
d)
Bacon
21.

How did scientists begin challenging authority during the Scientific Revolution?

a)

By careful observation of nature and willingness to question old beliefs

b)

By reading classic literature

c)

By collecting samples of plant life

d)

By forming new government ideas

22.

Which was NOT a reason for exploration?

a)

Gold

b)

God

c)

Glory

d)

Gumption

23.

Who discovered the St. Lawrence River?

a)

Jacques Cartier

b)

Henry Hudson

c)

Bartolomeu Dias

d)

Francisco Pizarro

24.

This Explorer was the first to establish an Indian trade route by sailing south around the Cape of Good Hope.

a)

Vasco de Gama

b)

Bartholomew Dias

c)

John Cabot

d)

Hernan Cortez

25.

This Spanish conquistador conquered the Inca civilization.

a)

Francisco de Gama

b)

Ferdinand Magellan

c)

Franz Ferdinand

d)

Francisco Pizarro

26.

This famous Spanish conquistador conquered the Aztec civilization.

a)

Francisco Pizarro

b)

Hernan Cortez

c)

Amerigo Vespucci

d)

Christopher Columbus

27.
What was Christopher Columbus' purpose for exploration before discovering the New World?
a)
To find a faster and safer trading route to Asia
b)
To circumnavigate the world in the name of Italy
c)
To launch a surprise attack the enemies of Spain by sea
d)
To find the city of gold in southern Africa
28.

Which of the following best characterizes what it was like to sail the open seas in the 1400s?

a)

calm and safe

b)

strange and perplexing

c)

boring and slow

d)

dangerous and scary

29.

What does it mean to circumnavigate the globe?

a)

to sail from one continent to another

b)

to sail all the way around the world

c)

to sail from one hemisphere to another

d)

to sail to an unexplored part of the world

30.

Which religion did European missionaries attempt to spread to the New World?

a)

Islam

b)

Hinduism

c)

Christianity

d)

Buddhism

31.

What is considered the "New World?"

a)

Europe

b)

Asia

c)

The Americas

d)

Africa

32.
Which German priest started the Reformation?
a)
John Calvin
b)
Henry VIII
c)
Pope Paul III
d)
Martin Luther
33.
Luther's criticism of the Catholic Church was called what?
a)
Criticism of the Catholic Church
b)
95 Theses
c)
101 Problems with Catholics
d)
Chicken Soup for the Catholic Soul
34.
Which of the following best helped Martin Luther's ideas reach other parts of Europe? 
a)
The Bible
b)
The printing press
c)
Church Hierarchy
d)
The Diet of Worms
35.
In his attempt to reform the Catholic Church, what did Martin Luther do?
a)
Bought a certificate of indulgence to be pardoned.
b)
Helped Pope Leo X rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
c)
Prepared a list of 95 arguments against indulgences.
d)
Decided to become a lawyer. 
36.
Fill in the blank. Luther believed that ________________ was how people would end up in heaven.
a)
faith
b)
indulgences
c)
good deeds
d)
going to church
37.
What historical invention allowed Reformers like Martin Luther to reach a large audience and challenge the Church?
a)
train
b)
plane
c)
internet
d)
printing press
38.
What is excommunication?
a)
You are kicked out of the church for life and won't go to heaven.
b)
You are put on trial, tortured, and given a choice to convert or die.
c)
You can pay money to have your sins forgiven: ticket to heaven.
d)
You are brought up on criminal charges, accusing you of going against approved teachings/beliefs.
39.

Why did Luther disagree with the selling of indulgences?

a)

He believed they should cost more.

b)

He believed people had to work to earn salvation.

c)

He believed salvation was a gift of grace.

d)

He believed his 95 Theses could get people to Heaven.

40.
What was the bloodiest war of the Reformation?
a)
Thirty Years' War
b)
French Wars of Religion
c)
Calvinist Revolt in Netherlands
d)
Hundred Years War
41.
What did the Catholic Church sell to forgive sins?
a)
Forgiveness
b)
Sacraments
c)
Indulgences
d)
Confession
42.
Luther was ___________ by Pope Leo III because of his criticisms.
a)
Promoted
b)
Excommunicated
c)
Killed
d)
Banished
43.
John Calvin believed in ________________.
a)
Free Will
b)
Pre-Destination
c)
Purgatory
d)
Indulgences
44.
Why did Henry VIII create the Church of England?
a)
Divorce his wife
b)
Start war with Pope
c)
Religious differences with Catholics
d)
Liked Lutheranism
45.
Why did Henry VIII wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon?
a)
Didn't bear son
b)
She cheated on him
c)
They were different religions
d)
War with Spain
46.

Which of Henry VIII's daughters became a successful English queen, allowing religious toleration?

a)
Elizabeth I
b)
Mary I
c)
Joanna I
d)
Victoria I
47.
What was the Catholic Church's response to the Reformation called?
a)
Counter Reformation
b)
Reconquista
c)
Council of Trent
d)
Thirty Years' War
48.
What was the meeting where Catholic officials reformed the church?
a)
Council of Trent
b)
Peace of Westphalia
c)
English Reformation
d)
Treaty of Nantes
49.

What does "Renaissance" mean?

a)

Reconvert

b)

Rebirth

c)

Re-examine

d)

Review

50.

Who painted the Mona Lisa?

a)

Michelangelo

b)

Donatello

c)

Jan Van Eyck

d)

Leonardo da Vinci

51.

Where did the Renaissance begin?

a)

England

b)

Norway

c)

Italy

d)

Spain

52.

Humanism also birthed the idea of _____, meaning you question everything.

a)

Skepticism

b)

Divine-ism

c)

Communism

d)

Individualism

53.

What were the two most famous works by Michelangelo?

a)

The Last Supper

b)

David

c)

The Sistine Chapel

d)

The Wedding

54.

What was the first book to be printed on a printing press?

a)

Utopia

b)

Hamlet

c)

The Bible

d)

The Vedas

55.

Who wrote about how to effectively lead a state in "The Prince?"

a)

Erasmus

b)

Albrect Durher

c)

Shakespeare

d)

Machiavelli

56.

? --->Literature printed for quickly --> literature printed for less money----> Greater spread of ideas

Which of these would complete the diagram?

a)

the Book of Common Prayer

b)

the Italian university system

c)

the Gutenberg printing press

d)

the Petrarchan style sonnet

57.

Which of the following made up 1% of the French population, and included clergy?

a)

First Estate

b)

Second Estate

c)

Third Estate

d)

Middle Class

58.

Which of the following made up 2% of the French population, and included nobles?

a)

First Estate

b)

Second Estate

c)

Third Estate

d)

Peasants

59.

Which of the following is an accurate description of the tax system in France in the years preceding the French Revolution?

a)

Only peasants and the clergy paid taxes.

b)

Only about 2 percent of the nobility paid any taxes.

c)

The nobility paid taxes only on land, not on income.

d)

The members of the Third Estate paid almost all of the taxes.

60.

The ___ made up roughly 97% of the French population.

a)

First Estate

b)

Second Estate

c)

Third Estate

d)

Church officials

61.

The legislative body consisting of representatives from all three Estates.

a)

Estates General

b)

Estates System

c)

2nd Estate

d)

3rd Estate

62.

Third Estate members vowed to never give up until a constitution was written.

a)

Tennis Court Oath

b)

Estates General

c)

Estates System

d)

Guillotine

63.
Who was the king of France during the French Revolution?
a)
Louis XVI
b)
Peter the Great
c)
Robespierre
d)
Marquis de Lafayette
64.
What was the purpose of the Tennis Court Oath?
a)
To raise taxes of the the Third Estate
b)
Write a constitution for France and limit the king's power
c)
To make plans to storm the Bastille
65.

Which of the French estates formed the National Assembly and began running the country?

a)

First Estate

b)

Second Estate

c)

Third Estate

d)

Lower Estate

e)

Upper Estate

66.

What was the main reason that the National Assembly formed?

a)

They wanted the church to rule France

b)

They wanted more voting power

c)

They wanted the nobility to rule France

d)

They wanted to work fewer hours

e)

They wanted to meet in a nicer building

67.

Q. Thomas Jefferson was the main author of what important document in 1776?

a)

U. S. Constitution

b)

Declaration of Independence

c)

Gettysburg Address

d)

Treaty of Paris

68.

What were colonists called that wanted to stay loyal to the British King?

a)

Red Coats

b)

Minutemen

c)

Continental Soldiers

d)

Loyalists/Torries

69.

Why were the battles of Lexington and Concord important?

a)

They ended the French and Indian War

b)

They were the last battles of the American Revolution

c)

They took place in Virginia

d)

They were the first battles of the American Revolution

70.

The British surrendered to General Washington to end the war at __________________

a)

Saratoga

b)

Yorktown

c)

Trenton

d)

Philadelphia

71.
Which phrase became popular after passage of the Stamp Act?
a)
“The rights of Englishmen”
b)
“Give me liberty or give me death”
c)
“Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”
d)
“No taxation without representation“
72.

The Reign of Terror was characterized by:

a)

The peaceful transition to a constitutional monarchy

b)

The rise of the Catholic Church’s power in government

c)

Mass executions of suspected enemies of the revolution

d)

The return of feudal privileges for the nobility

73.

Which revolutionary leader was most closely associated with the Reign of Terror?

a)

Georges Danton

b)

Maximilien Robespierre

c)

Napoleon Bonaparte

d)

King Louis XVI

74.

How did Napoleon Bonaparte come to power in 1799?

a)

He was elected as the first president of France

b)

He launched a coup d’état, overthrowing the Directory

c)

He inherited the throne from King Louis XVI

d)

He was appointed by the Pope to rule France

75.
The English legislative government is called. 
a)
Congress
b)
Parliament
c)
Monarchial
d)
Patrilineal
76.

Before the English Civil War, monarchs were use to _______, but needed parliament to help.

a)

Divine Rule

b)

Marshall Law

c)

Enlightened Thinking

d)

Sleeping all day

77.
This unpopular monarch was the reason for the English Civil War
a)
Edward I
b)
Charles I
c)
Charles II
d)
James I
78.
Two sides fighting in the English Civil War were the
a)
Brits vs Scots
b)
Broncos vs Stallions
c)
Squarepants vs Colts
d)
Cavaliers vs Roundheads
79.
William and Mary came to power during a period known as the
a)
Holy Restoration
b)
Glorious Revolution
c)
Graceful Transition
d)
Hostile Takeover
80.

______________________: the idea that the monarch (king/queen) is God’s representative on earth

a)

Divine Right

b)

Absolutism

c)

Traditionalism

d)

Catholicism

81.

Who built the palace of Versailles as a symbol of his power?

a)

King Louis XVI

b)

King Henry VIII

c)

Peter The Great

d)

King Louis XIV

82.

After King Charles I is beheaded, who becomes the dictator of England?

a)

Oliver Cromwell

b)

William & Mary

c)

Charles I

d)

Peter the Great

83.

What was the result of the English Bill of Rights?

a)

Parliament gains power

b)

Parliament loses power

c)

American Colonies gain independence

d)

Tolerance is granted towards Catholics

84.
What is the bloodless invasion of England by William and Mary?
a)
The Enlightenment
b)
The English Civil War
c)
The Glorious Revolution
d)
The Inquisition
85.

A system of governing in which the monarch's power is limited by law

a)

Glorious Revolution

b)

Constitutional Monarchy

c)

Communism

d)

Republicanism

86.

What was the great symbol of Peter's desire to forge a modern Russia?

a)

St. Petersburg

b)

Moscow

c)

the Russian Orthodox Church

d)

the partition of Poland

87.

Peter the Great forced Russians to accept reforms that would make their culture more like ____.

a)

Native Americans

b)

Chinese

c)

Ottoman Turks

d)

Western Europeans

88.

What country is this?

a)

France

b)

Germany

c)

Russia

d)

Ukraine

89.

What city was built in a swamp connected to the Baltic Sea, that became the "New" Capital of Russia in 1703-1917. Also know as "The City built on Bones."

a)

Moscow

b)

Amsterdam

c)

London

d)

St. Petersburg

90.

Which of the following is the best definition of Westernization?

a)

A transition of dress and customs to that of American Cowboys

b)

Expanding a countries borders

c)

Converting to the customs and practices of Western European civilization.

d)

Focusing a countries attention more toward farming and cattle herding

91.

During the Edo (Tokugawa) period, which position below held the most power on the social hierarchy?

a)

Shogun

b)

Daimyo

c)

Emperor

d)

Samurai

92.

During the period from 1880 to 1920, the majority of immigrants to the United States settled in urban areas in the North. What was the primary reason for this trend?

a)

Most immigrants had lived in cities in their native countries.

b)

Labor unions gave financial help to immigrants willing to work in the factories.

c)

The Populist Party was successful in preventing immigrants from buying farmland.

d)

Rapid industrialization created many job opportunities.

93.

Identify effects of the US Industrial Revolution

a)

The agricultural revolution

b)

The expansion of the middle class

c)

Dirty and crowded cities

d)

The US Civil War

94.

Identify causes of the US Industrial Revolution

a)

The growth of railroads

b)

Pollution

c)

Available workers

d)

New inventions and innovation

95.

____________________= having extreme love for ones country

a)

Nationalism

b)

Liberalism

c)

Conservatism

d)

Utilitarian

96.

Who rules France and wants to conquer all of Europe?

a)

Napoleon Bonaparte

b)

Otto von Bismarck

c)

Maximilian Robespierre

d)

Camillo di Cavour

97.
After his initial defeat, Napoleon was exiled to the island of ______; his second exile was to the island of _________.
a)
St. Helena; Elba
b)
Elba; Corsica
c)
Elba; St. Helena
d)
Corsica; St. Helena
98.
The main purpose of the Congress of Vienna was to do which of the following?
a)
decide how to control the Industrial Revolution
b)
decide how to stop Nationalism from spreading any further throughout Europe
c)
decide how to put Europe back together after the Fall of Napoleon’s Empire and create a Balance of Power on the Continent of Europe
d)
decide how to keep Great Britain from becoming the most powerful European Country
99.

What was the result of the Battle of Waterloo?

a)

French defeated. Napoleon was exiled to St Helena

b)

French defeated. Napoleon imprisoned

c)

French defeated. Napoleon was killed in Battle

d)

French victorious

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