WorksheetsComputer Selection Considerations Quiz
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
From a purchasing perspective, which aspect is important when choosing a computer?
Fastest execution speed
Lowest power consumption
Best design architecture
Highest cost
What is a key consideration from a design perspective when selecting computer architecture?
Highest power consumption
Fastest execution speed
Most expensive hardware
Largest size
What do both purchasing and design perspectives require when evaluating computers?
Aesthetic appeal
Brand popularity
Basis for comparison
Color variety
What are the three important metrics for computers mentioned in the document?
Speed, reliability, and cost
Performance, cost, and energy consumption
Efficiency, durability, and size
Performance, speed, and reliability
What factors decide the performance and energy consumption of a computer?
Software only
Hardware only
Both hardware and software
Neither hardware nor software
Which factors influence the cost of a computer according to the document?
Software complexity and user interface
Hardware complexity and production volume
Energy consumption and speed
Performance and reliability
What do we want to understand about computer design?
The color of the computer
The factors contributing to overall system performance
The brand of the computer
The size of the computer
What can we answer once we understand computer performance factors?
Why some software is more expensive
Why some hardware is better for a program
Why computers are heavy
Why screens are large
How does understanding instruction set architecture help?
It helps in designing colorful interfaces
It affects performance
It determines the weight of the computer
It decides the price of the computer
Which airplane has the best passenger capacity?
Boeing 777
Boeing 747
Concorde
Douglas DC-8
Which airplane has the best cruising range?
Boeing 777
Boeing 747
Concorde
Douglas DC-8
Which airplane has the best cruising speed?
Boeing 777
Boeing 747
Concorde
Douglas DC-8
Which airplane has the best passenger throughput?
Boeing 777
Boeing 747
Concorde
Douglas DC-8
What is execution time?
The total work done per unit time
How long it takes to finish a task
The speed of data transfer
The amount of data processed
Why is throughput important?
It determines the speed of a single task
It is crucial for individual users
It is important to data centers
It measures the energy consumption
What can a faster processor reduce?
Throughput
Execution time
Energy consumption
Data storage
What can an extra processor increase?
Execution time
Data storage
Throughput
Energy consumption
What is the formula for performance in terms of execution time?
Performance = Execution Time
Performance=ExecutionTime2
Performance = 1/Execution Time
Performance = Execution Time/2
If computer X is n times faster than computer Y, what is the relationship between their performances?
performance_X = performance_Y * n
performance_X/performance_Y = n
performance_X = performance_Y/n
performance_X * performance_Y = n
If a program takes 10 seconds on computer A and 15 seconds on computer B, how many times faster is computer A than computer B?
1.2 times
1.5 times
2 times
0.5 times
What is the execution time of a program on a computer measured by?
Wall clock time
CPU speed
Memory usage
Network latency
Which components are involved in measuring the execution time of a program?
CPU, hard disk, memory, I/O, operating system
Only CPU and memory
Only hard disk and I/O
Only operating system
What does CPU execution time not include?
Time to wait for I/O
Time spent on a program
Time spent on calculations
Time spent on data transfer
What are the two parts of CPU time?
User CPU time and System CPU time
Execution time and Response time
Input time and Output time
Processing time and Idle time
What is User CPU time used to measure?
CPU performance
Memory performance
Network performance
Disk performance
What is used to measure CPU time in a program?
Number of CPU clock cycles
Amount of RAM
Number of CPU cores
Size of the hard drive
What do CPUs use to coordinate and synchronize activities?
Clock signals
Data buses
Power supply
Heat sinks
What is the relationship between clock rate and clock period?
Clock rate = 1 / clock period
Clock rate = clock period x 2
Clock rate = clock period + 1
Clock rate = clock period - 1
What is the clock period of a 1GHz CPU?
1ns
10ns
100ns
1000ns
What is one method to reduce CPU time to improve performance?
Increase the clock period
Reduce the clock period
Increase the number of clock cycles
Increase the clock rate
What might be a consequence of reducing the clock period?
Decrease in clock cycles
Increase in clock cycles
Decrease in clock rate
Increase in clock rate
What is the formula for CPU time for a program?
CPU time = (# CPU clock cycles for a program) x (clock rate)
CPU time = (# CPU clock cycles for a program) / (clock period)
CPU time = (# CPU clock cycles for a program) x (clock period)
CPU time = (# CPU clock cycles for a program) + (clock rate)
What trade-off must engineers often consider to achieve higher performance?
Clock rate and memory size
Clock period and power consumption
Clock rate and cycle count
Cycle count and memory speed
How long does it take Computer B to run the same program as Computer A, given that Computer A needs 10 seconds and has a 4 GHz clock, while Computer B runs at 8 GHz and needs 1.2 times as many clock cycles?
6 seconds
8 seconds
10 seconds
12 seconds
What is the formula for calculating CPU time for a program?
CPU time = (# CPU clock cycles for a program) / (clock rate)
CPU time = (clock rate) / (# CPU clock cycles for a program)
CPU time = (# CPU clock cycles for a program) x (clock rate)
CPU time = (clock rate) x (# CPU clock cycles for a program)
What is one method to determine the number of CPU clock cycles for a program?
Run the program on a computer or its simulator
Count the number of lines in the code
Measure the power consumption
Check the memory usage
What is the formula to estimate CPU clock cycles for a program?
CPU clock cycles = instruction count x CPI
CPU clock cycles = instruction count + CPI
CPU clock cycles = instruction count / CPI
CPU clock cycles = instruction count - CPI
What does the instruction count represent?
The number of executed instructions in a program
The number of lines of code
The number of functions in a program
The number of variables used
What does CPI stand for in the context of CPU clock cycles?
Clock cycles per instruction
Cycles per iteration
Central processing index
Core performance indicator
What is the formula for CPU time according to the performance equation?
CPU time = instruction count x CPI x clock period
CPU time = instruction count + CPI + clock period
CPU time = instruction count / CPI / clock period
CPU time = instruction count - CPI - clock period
How can instruction count be measured?
By using a profiler or simulator
By using a calculator
By using a stopwatch
By using a thermometer
What does CPI stand for in the context of CPU performance?
Cycles Per Instruction
Cycles Per Interval
Cycles Per Integration
Cycles Per Input
Why might the same instruction require different numbers of clock cycles?
Due to different conditions, such as instruction sequence
Due to the color of the CPU
Due to the size of the CPU
Due to the brand of the CPU
Which computer's CPU is faster based on the given clock periods and CPI values?
Computer A
Computer B
Both are equally fast
Cannot be determined
What is the clock period of Computer A?
250ps
500ps
2.0ps
1.2ps
What is the CPI of Computer B for the program?
2.0
1.2
500ps
250ps
What is the ratio of performance between Computer A and Computer B?
1.2
2.0
0.5
1.0
What is an instruction mix?
A measure of the frequency of instructions in one or many programs
A type of programming language
A method for optimizing code
A tool for debugging software
How is instruction mix measured?
By the percentage of different instruction types/classes
By the speed of execution
By the number of lines of code
By the memory usage
What do instructions in the same class have in common?
Similar CPI
Similar memory usage
Similar execution time
Similar syntax
Which of the following is an example of an instruction mix?
50% ALU instructions, 20% load instructions, 10% store instructions, 20% branch instructions
30% ALU instructions, 30% load instructions, 30% store instructions, 10% branch instructions
40% ALU instructions, 30% load instructions, 20% store instructions, 10% branch instructions
25% ALU instructions, 25% load instructions, 25% store instructions, 25% branch instructions
What is the formula to estimate CPU clock cycles for a program using instruction mix?
CPU clock cycles = instruction count x CPI
CPU clock cycles = instruction count / CPI
CPU clock cycles = instruction count + CPI
CPU clock cycles = instruction count - CPI
In the formula for CPU clock cycles, what does $ C_i $ represent?
The number of classes
The number of instructions in class $ i $
The average clock cycles per instruction in class $ i $
The percentage of instructions in class $ i $
What does $ P_i $ stand for in the context of instruction mix?
The number of classes
The number of instructions in class $ i $
The average clock cycles per instruction in class $ i $
The percentage of instructions in class $ i $
How is the total CPU clock cycles for a program calculated using the summation formula?
i=1∑n(Ci+CPIi)
i=1∑n(Ci×CPIi)
i=1∑n(Ci−CPIi)
i=1∑n(Ci/CPIi)
What is the CPI for the first code sequence?
2
1.5
3
2.5
How many instructions of class A are in the second code sequence?
2
4
1
3
Which code sequence is faster based on the given CPI values?
First code sequence
Second code sequence
Both are equally fast
Cannot be determined
What is the formula for calculating CPU clock cycles?
CPU clock cycles = instruction count x CPI
CPU clock cycles = instruction count / CPI
CPU clock cycles = CPI / instruction count
CPU clock cycles = instruction count + CPI
What is the percentage of ALU instructions in the given instruction mix?
50%
20%
10%
30%
What is the CPI for Load instructions in the given instruction mix?
1
5
3
2
How much faster would the computer be if a better architecture reduced the average load time to 2 cycles?
1.375 times
1.5 times
1.25 times
1.75 times
What is the formula for performance in terms of execution time?
performance = execution_time
performance = execution_time / 2
performance = 1 / execution_time
performance = execution_time x 2
How is CPU execution time for a program calculated?
CPU execution time = # CPU clock cycles x clock rate
CPU execution time = # CPU clock cycles / clock rate
CPU execution time = # CPU clock cycles + clock period
CPU execution time = # CPU clock cycles - clock period
What is the relationship between CPU clock cycles and instruction count?
CPU clock cycles = instruction count / CPI
CPU clock cycles = instruction count + CPI
CPU clock cycles = instruction count x CPI
CPU clock cycles = instruction count - CPI
How can CPU time be expressed in terms of instruction count, CPI, and clock period?
CPU time = Instruction count / CPI / clock period
CPU time = Instruction count x CPI x clock period
CPU time = Instruction count + CPI + clock period
CPU time = Instruction count - CPI - clock period
What is the formula for CPU time?
CPU time = instruction count + CPI + clock period
CPU time = instruction count x CPI x clock period
CPU time = instruction count / CPI / clock period
CPU time = instruction count - CPI - clock period
Which factor can be improved to reduce the clock period?
Programming language
Algorithm
Hardware architecture and IC design technology
Compiler
What does CPI stand for in the context of CPU performance?
Cycles Per Instruction
Clock Period Interval
Central Processing Interface
Computational Performance Index
Which method can lower both instruction count and CPI?
Improving hardware architecture
Enhancing compiler
Changing programming language
Modifying algorithm
What is Amdahl's Law used for?
To evaluate potential performance improvement of new design
To calculate the cost of new hardware
To determine the lifespan of a program
To assess the security of a system
According to Amdahl's Law, what should be made fast?
The common case
The rare case
The entire system
The unaffected part
In the given example, if a program runs in 100 seconds and multiplication is responsible for 80 seconds, how much do we need to improve the speed of multiplication to make the program run 4 times faster?
16 times
4 times
8 times
20 times
What does MIPS stand for in the context of computer performance?
Million Instructions per Second
Multiple Instructions per Second
Mega Instructions per Second
Micro Instructions per Second
Why should MIPS not be used to compare computers with different ISAs?
MIPS is a universal standard
MIPS varies with ISA
MIPS is always constant
MIPS is not related to ISA
How is MIPS calculated?
(executiontime)/(instructioncountx106)
(instruction count)/(execution time x 10^6)
(execution time x 10^6)/(instruction count)
(instructioncountx106)/(executiontime)
What is a common joke about MIPS among computer salesmen?
Meaningful Indication of Processor Speed
Meaningless Indication of Processor Speed
Major Indication of Processor Speed
Minor Indication of Processor Speed
What is the execution time for compiler 1 on a 4 GHz machine?
2.5 seconds
3.75 seconds
4.0 seconds
2.0 seconds
What is the MIPS rating for compiler 2 based on the given testing sequences?
3200 MIPS
2800 MIPS
3000 MIPS
3500 MIPS
Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating execution time?
Execution time = CPU clock cycles / clock rate
Execution time = clock rate / CPU clock cycles
Execution time = CPU clock cycles x clock rate
Execution time = clock rate x CPU clock cycles
What is the CPI for instruction class B?
2
1
3
4
What is the best way to determine the performance of a computer?
Running synthetic benchmarks
Running real application programs
Checking hardware specifications
Using theoretical models
What is benchmarking used for in computer performance evaluation?
To increase the speed of the computer
To evaluate performance under realistic workload
To reduce power consumption
To improve software compatibility
What does a workload consist of in the context of benchmarking?
A single program running multiple times
A set of programs running on a computer
A list of hardware components
A collection of user data
What should be specified when defining a workload for benchmarking?
The operating system version
The programs and their relative frequency
The network speed
The user interface design
Which benchmark is used for CPU performance in desktops?
SPEC CPU2006
SPECweb99
EEMBC
SPEC CPU2010
What is SPECweb99 used for?
Web server benchmarking
CPU performance
Embedded systems
Video playback
What does EEMBC stand for?
EDN Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium
Electronic Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium
Embedded Microprocessor Benchmarking Corporation
Embedded Microprocessor Benchmarking Council
What should a performance report include besides the results?
Hardware configuration and OS versions
Only the final results
User feedback
Marketing strategies
What is the arithmetic mean (AM) used for in summarizing performance?
To calculate the total execution time of all programs
To find the average execution time of all programs
To determine the fastest program in the set
To compare the execution time of two specific programs
What does a smaller arithmetic mean (AM) indicate in terms of performance?
Larger average execution time and reduced performance
Smaller average execution time and improved performance
No change in execution time or performance
Increased workload and decreased performance
What is the weighted arithmetic mean (WAM) used for?
To calculate the total execution time of all programs
To find the average execution time of all programs
To account for the percentage contribution of each program to the workload
To determine the fastest program in the set
In what scenario does the arithmetic mean (AM) become a special case of the weighted arithmetic mean (WAM)?
When all execution times are zero
When all weights $ W_i $ are equal
When there is only one program
When the execution times are identical
Which computer is faster when both programs are used at the same frequency in the workload?
Computer A
Computer B
Both are equally fast
Cannot be determined
What is the average time for Computer A when both programs are used at the same frequency?
10.5 s
7 s
8.8 s
4.8 s
When Program 1 is used 80% of the time and Program 2 is used 20% of the time, which computer is faster?
Computer A
Computer B
Both are equally fast
Cannot be determined
What is the weighted average time for Computer B when Program 1 is used 80% of the time and Program 2 is used 20% of the time?
4.8 s
8.8 s
10.5 s
7 s
What was the approximate annual improvement rate in microprocessor performance from 1978 to 1986?
25% per year
52% per year
23% per year
12% per year
Which factor contributed to the improvement in microprocessor performance between 1986 and 2002?
Higher clock rate, different levels of parallelism, and larger caches
Increased power consumption
Reduced memory latency
Decreased parallelism limitations
What slowed down the improvement in microprocessor performance after 2002?
Power consumption, parallelism limitations, and memory latency
Lack of technological advancements
Decrease in demand for faster processors
Increase in manufacturing costs
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