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Evolution Review

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 27mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures. Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

a)

Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than javelinas

b)

Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer than to hippopotamuses

c)

Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales

d)

Cows and mouse deer are more closely related than javelinas and pigs

2.

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms. Which organism is the least related to the other three organisms?

a)

organism 1

b)

organism 2

c)

organism 3

d)

organism 4

3.

The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates. Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus bones?

a)

the primates lived in similar environments

b)

the primates shared a common ancestor

c)

the primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population

d)

the primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods

4.

Researchers studying populations of lizards from the genus Gallotia on the Canary Islands compared the protein cytochrome b in different populations. The table shows the number of differences in the cytochrome b protein between different populations. Which conclusion about the relatedness of the lizards do these data support?

a)

G. atlantica and G. stehlini are the least closely related

b)

G. simonyi and G. bravoana are the most closely related

c)

G. galloti eisentrauti and G. galloti palmae are the most closely related

d)

G. galloti eisentrauti and G. galloti galoti are the least closely related

5.

Cetaceans are whales and their relatives. The diagram shows some fossils of cetaceans. Which statement provides the best evidence that Ambulocetus natans is an ancestor of Basilosaurus isis?

a)

Homologous structures occur in each fossil

b)

Similar nitrogenous bases are found in the DNA of each fossil

c)

The fossils were found in different locations

d)

The youngest fossil is larger than the older fossils

6.

Bactrian camels, dromedaries, llamas, and alpacas are all members of the same taxonomic family, Camelidae. Members of this family all have two toes, no hooves, true canine teeth, and a split upper lip. The family Camelidae originated in North America. The physical features of animals in this family and the family's geographical origin provide evidence that all these animals -

a)

live in the same type of ecosystem

b)

have slowly evolved to become herbivores

c)

have a common ancestor

d)

exchanged DNA at some point in the past

7.

In 2010, scientists excavated a skull fossil that provides evidence of a newly discovered species of big cat. Based on the evidence, scientists hypothesize that big cats branched off from smaller wild cats about 6 million years ago. Which of these resources did the scientists most likely rely on to form their hypothesis?

a)

a food web showing feeding relationships of organisms where the fossil skull was found

b)

population and migration data for small wild cats living in the ecosystem where the skull was found

c)

the fossil record and DNA comparisons of big cats and small cats

d)

the historical record of interactions between different species of big cats

8.

An analysis of DNA and RNA sequences can be used to classify organisms. A dendrogram, such as the one shown below, is based on molecular data. It can be used to represent evolutionary relationships within a group of organisms that are hypothesized to have descended from a common ancestor. Which statement is best supported by the information in this dendrogram?

a)

Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to raccoons

b)

Brown bears are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to sun bears

c)

Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to racoons than they are to giant pandas

d)

The bear species are all more genetically similar to dogs than they are to giant pandas

9.

Three species of lizards of the genus Gallotia are found on the Canary Islands, a chain of seven volcanic islands off the wet coast of Africa. The easternmost island, Lanzarote, is the oldest, while the westernmost island, El Hierro, is the youngest. The distribution of lizard species is shown on the map. Which statement about the ancestry of the lizards from the genus Gallotia is best supported by this information?

a)

The common ancestor of the lizards first colonized the island of El Hierro

b)

The ancestors of each species came from different continents at different times

c)

the common ancestor of the lizards probably came from Africa

d)

The ancestors of each species evolved in Spain and were brought to the islands at the same time

10.

The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are marsupials. The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they -

a)

belong to the same species

b)

must range great distances to eat

c)

have very similar skeletal structures

d)

are descended from a common ancestor

11.

Genome maps provide the DNA sequences of chromosomes. Some scientists have compared the genome maps of a hedgehog and a sloth. What do these genome maps allow the scientists to determine?

a)

The color patterns of the offspring of each species

b)

How much the size ranges of the two species differ

c)

The methods of proteins synthesis that each species uses

d)

How closely related the two species are to each other

12.

Zoogeographic regions are characterized by the presence of specific groups of animals. These regions are determined by the taxonomic or phylogenetic relationships of animals. The map shows the zoogeographic regions proposed by the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1876. The similarities of organisms in which two areas numbered above provide the best evidence for common ancestry between the organisms in both locations?

a)

1 and 2

b)

3 and 4

c)

5 and 6

d)

7 and 8

13.

The limbs of several organisms are shown in the illustrations below. Scientists sometimes compare the limbs of these organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry. These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they -

a)

have the same basic structure

b)

perform the same function

c)

are the same size

d)

are parts of mammals

14.

Change in species over time

(a)  

15.

No evolution - species is well adapted to its environment

a)

fossil

b)

homologous structures

c)

stasis

16.

Similar DNA sequences

a)

Embryological Homologies

b)

Homologous Structures

c)

Analogous Structures

d)

Molecular Structures

17.

Same/Similar structures

a)

Homologous Structures

b)

Analogous Structures

c)

Molecular Structures

d)

Embryonic Homologous

18.
a)

Molecular

b)

Embryonic Homologies

c)

Homologous Structures

19.

Adaptation

a)

Helps organism die

b)

Helps organisms survive and reproduce

c)

Molecular and embryonic homolgoes

d)

Common ancestor

20.

Based on the cladogram, the ancestral species most likely had -

a)

a vertebral column

b)

a vertebral column and hair

c)

sharp teeth and retractable claws

d)

the ability to purr

21.

Based on the cladogram, which species is most closely related to the house cat?

a)

wolf

b)

horse

c)

tiger

d)

turtle

22.

These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they-

a)

have the same basic structure

b)

perform the same function

c)

are the same size

d)

are parts of mammals

23.

The study of the similarities and differences of body structures of different species

a)

comparative embryology

b)

comparative anatomy

c)

evolution

d)

fossil evidence

24.

Any remains, impression, or trace of a living thing of a former geologic age

a)

fossil evidence

b)

anatomical evidence

c)

embryological evidence

d)

genetic evidence

25.

Process by which organisms with favorable traits produce more successful offspring than organisms with less-favorable traits, causing the favorable traits to become more common in the population

a)

evolution

b)

natural selection

c)

fossil record

d)

pedigree

26.

complex life forms are in the newest rocks.

a)

true

b)

false

27.

In rocks more than 1 billion years old, you would find a single-celled organism.

a)

True

b)

False

28.

Genetic drift occurs most quickly in -

a)

small populations.

b)

populations with large genetic variation.

c)

populations with small genetic variation.

d)

large populations.

29.

What is gene flow?

a)

The addition or removal of alleles in a population due to individuals entering or leaving one population for another

b)

A change in allele frequencies when a new population arises from only a few individuals

c)

A reduction in population caused by natural disasters, disease, hunting, etc.

d)

A change in the gene pool due to chance

30.

What is genetic drift?

a)

A population for which the gene frequencies do not change

b)

A change in allele frequencies due to selection

c)

The addition or removal of alleles in a population due to individuals entering or leaving one population for another

d)

A change in the gene pool due to chance

31.
A virus killed most of the seals in the North Sea (e.g. dropped the population from    8000 to 800).  In an effort to help preserve the species, scientists caught 20 of the   remaining seals and used them to start a new population in the northwest Pacific   Ocean.  Which of the following statements would accurately describe the new   population?  
a)
The new seal population is genetically less diverse than the original population 
b)
The new seal population is genetically more diverse than the original population
c)
There is equal genetic variety compared  to the original population 
d)
None of the answers
32.
This mechanism of evolution occurs when populations migrate.
a)
Extinction
b)
Gene flow
c)
Genetic drift
d)
Natural Selection
33.
What is the name of the process in which the most favorable traits are passed onto the next generation?
a)
Genetic drift
b)
Gene pool
c)
Gene flow
d)
Natural selection
34.
What is this an example of?
a)
diversity of species
b)
variation
c)
vestigial structures
d)
DNA studies
35.
Inherited trait that helps an organism survive is a(n) __________.
a)
Fossil
b)
Adaptation
c)
Ancestor
d)
Natural selection
36.
On island chains like the one shown below, animal populations that spread from the main island to the other islands can evolve into separate species. Which of the following best explains why speciation can occur in this situation? 
a)
Predators on the main island can easily migrate to follow the populations to the other islands.
b)
The physical separation of the islands from the main island limits gene flow and interbreeding between the populations.
c)
Lack of disease on the other island enables the populations to grow and change without limits.
d)
The climatic conditions of the islands allow the populations to breed all year long and produce several generations.
37.
On island chains like the one shown below, animal populations that spread from the main island to the other islands can evolve into separate species. Which of the following best explains why speciation can occur in this situation? 
a)
Predators on the main island can easily migrate to follow the populations to the other islands.
b)
The physical separation of the islands from the main island limits gene flow and interbreeding between the populations.
c)
Lack of disease on the other island enables the populations to grow and change without limits.
d)
The climatic conditions of the islands allow the populations to breed all year long and produce several generations.
38.

Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity EVENNESS?

a)

Community 1

b)

Community 2

c)

They are the same

39.

Which is the best description of the two communities shown?

a)

Community 1 has a higher evenness but lower richness than Community 2.

b)

Community 1 has a higher evenness and equal richness to Community 2.

c)

Community 2 has a higher evenness and higher richness than Community 1.

d)

Community 2 has a higher evenness but lower richness than Community 1.

40.

The theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?


I. island distance from mainland

II. how the island is formed

III. island size

a)

II only

b)

III only

c)

I and III

d)

II and III