Which of the following is a commonly accepted list of medications an EMT can administer or assist the patient in taking under the direction of the Medical Director?

What is the reason for giving an epinephrine auto-injector in a life-threatening allergic reaction?

You respond to a medical call for a 59-year-old female complaining of tightness in her chest. You place her on a high concentration of oxygen and prepare for a short 5-minute transport to the hospital. The patient tells you she is on nitroglycerin, which she has not taken. Your partner tells you that you can give aspirin per protocol. Should you delay the patient transport to give the medication and why?

You are on the scene of a 48-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain. He has nitroglycerin

prescribed and available. After performing your physical examination, you contact medical control and

are ordered to assist the patient in taking his nitroglycerin. Five minutes after taking his nitroglycerin, the patient complains of being dizzy and having a headache. You lie the patient down on the stretcher and

reassess his vital signs. He is now hypotensive. The patient is suffering from:

You are called to an elementary school for an 8-year-old female patient who is experiencing respiratory distress. The school nurse states the patient has an epinephrine auto-injector for a possible anaphylactic reaction to bee stings. The patient also has an Albuterol inhaler for asthma. The patient is breathing 30 times a minute, is in the tripod position, and is speaking in two-to- three-word sentences. The nurse states the patient was playing basketball in the gym when she started having difficulty breathing. The patient was wheezing in all lung fields. An ALS unit is enroute but it is 10 minutes away. You are 20 minutes away from the nearest hospital. After placing the patient on oxygen, your next intervention should be to:

You are called to assist a 25-year-old female patient who is in profound respiratory distress. The patient has a history of asthma and severe allergies to peanuts. She has a prescribed albuterol inhaler and an epinephrine auto-injector. The patient states she was working in her garden when she accidentally stirred up a hornets' nest and was stung multiple times. The patient has wheezing in all fields, and is breathing at 28 times per minute. She states that she triggered her asthma by running across the yard to the safety of her home. As you apply oxygen, you notice that she is now speaking in two-to-three-word sentences; her skin has splotches, and her tongue and neck appear to be swelling. Your next action is to call medical control and then do what?

You are on the scene at a fancy hotel room for a 60-year-old male patient who calls 911 at 10 p.m. for chest pains. He states he was about to go to bed when he suddenly had chest pain that would not go away. He rates his pain as a 7 out of 10 and is diaphoretic. His vital signs are stable, and he takes medications for hypertension, high cholesterol, and erectile dysfunction. The patient is allergic to morphine. After placing the patient on oxygen, you contact medical control and request:

You are on the scene of a 44-year-old female patient who has attempted suicide by taking all 30 pills of her antidepressant medication at once. You are ordered by medical control to administer activated charcoal. How will activated charcoal reduce the effects of the medication?

The study of the effects of medications on the body in relation to age and weight is called:

Which of the following BEST defines inadequate breathing?

While assessing the airway of a pediatric patient, you will notice that it is different than that of an adult. Which of the following is one of those differences?

You are responding to a 54-year-old female patient in respiratory distress. The patient is on home oxygen by nasal cannula at 1lpm. The patient has diminished lung sounds bilaterally with wheezes. She appears malnourished and has a barrel chest. What condition do you suspect?

Which of the following is a sign of adequate artificial ventilations in a pediatric patient?

You are called to the scene of a 45-year-old nonsmoker male with a history of asthma in respiratory distress. You find him lying supine on the couch. The patient is lethargic but can answer all your questions appropriately. He is diaphoretic, and complains of being cold, coughing, and having difficulty breathing for the past 3 days. His vital signs are blood pressure of 110/70, heart rate of 116, respiratory rate of 24, oxygen saturation of 93%, and temperature of 100.6°F. You hear rhonchi in the left lobes and he is coughing up yellow-tinged sputum. What condition do you suspect?

What is NOT one of the symptoms of a pulmonary embolus?

Which of the following is a benefit of using small-volume nebulizers for the treatment of respiratory problems?

A ______ device works by blowing oxygen or air continuously at a low pressure to prevent a patient's alveoli from collapsing.

Your patient is a 6-year-old male who appears very anxious, is using increased effort during expiration, and has a fever. He is wheezing and has a respiratory rate of 34. The patient's skin is very warm and dry. He does not have any cyanosis. The child is drooling and his mother states that he complained of a sore throat and pain on swallowing earlier in the afternoon. Which of the following conditions is most likely causing the patient's distress?

Your patient is a 30-year-old female who may have overdosed on antidepressant medications. On your arrival, she is lying supine on her bed with her head on a pillow. She is unresponsive to painful stimuli and is snoring. She appears to be pale and her skin is cool and clammy. What should you do FIRST?

Which of the following may be a symptom of a problem with the heart?

Which of the following statements concerning heart attacks and cardiac arrest is NOT true?

A weakened area of an artery that balloons out and may rupture, causing catastrophic bleeding, is called:

You suspect that your patient is suffering from angina pectoris. What signs or symptoms would you expect to see with this condition?

Which of the following is the beneficial action of a beta-blocker medication?

You respond to the scene of a 56-year-old obese female complaining of respiratory distress. She states that she has been feeling weak and a "little sick" for the past two days but the respiratory distress has been getting progressively worse for the past several hours. She states she has "heart problems," suffers from high blood pressure, and takes a "water pill." She is afebrile and has coarse crackles (rales) bilaterally. What is most likely the cause of her respiratory distress?

What stimulates a mechanical contraction of the cells of the heart, creating a mechanical squeeze used to push blood?

Which of the following is the result of a portion of the heart muscle dying due to a lack of oxygen?

Which of the following is the name given to the condition in which fluid accumulates in the lungs?

You are on-scene with a 48-year-old unresponsive male patient. Bystander’s state he complained of chest pain and then suddenly collapsed. Vital signs are blood pressure 68/42, pulse 36, and respiratory rate 3. He is unresponsive to painful stimuli. After performing the primary assessment and treating all life threats, what is your next intervention?

Which of the following describes the EMT's MOST important role in the ideal provision of emergency cardiac care?

You are on the scene of a 68-year-old male patient complaining of severe chest pain for the last 20 minutes. He has a previous history of myocardial infarction and states it feels "just like the last time." You have applied oxygen and assisted him in administering aspirin and nitroglycerin with no reduction in the chest pain. Your nearest facility is 5 minutes away, a Level III Trauma Center is 10 minutes away, and a hospital with cardiac catheterization capabilities is 20 minutes away. The patient is requesting to be transported to his cardiologist's hospital, which is 30 minutes away. Which hospital is the best destination?

You are the first on the scene of a 72-year-old patient in cardiac arrest. You have your medical supply kit, oxygen, and an AED. At least 4 to 5 minutes of high-quality CPR has been provided by the police officer that arrived before you. You have confirmed an open airway, apnea, and pulselessness. Which of the following should you do next?

In which of the following ways does cardiac arrest in children differ from cardiac arrest in adults?

Which of the following is NOT a reason that an AED may indicate that there is "no shock advised"?

Your patient is a 44-year-old female who has collapsed while jogging. She has been unresponsive for 4 to 5 minutes by the time you arrive. Her husband appears to be performing high-quality CPR. Which of the following should be your FIRST action?

Your patient is a 66-year-old female who has regained a pulse after a shock with an AED; however, she remains unresponsive and is not breathing adequately. Which of the following should be done next?

You are transporting a 50-year-old male patient whom you successfully defibrillated at the scene. You are 5 minutes away from the hospital when the patient goes back into cardiac arrest. Which of the following is the BEST course of action?

Which of the following BEST describes an appropriate shock sequence for the patient in ventricular

tachycardia?

You are preparing a patient in cardiac arrest for an AED when you palpate a small lump below the patient's right clavicle. How should this modify your placement of the AED?

The medical term for fainting is:

For the reticular activating system (RAS) to work correctly, what three substances are needed?

Which of the following BEST describes status epilepticus?

The death of brain tissue due to deprivation of oxygen because of a blocked or ruptured artery in the brain is known as which of the following?

Many diabetics today have an insulin pump. Which of the following statements about insulin pumps is NOT true?

Looking at the following list, which of the items does NOT correctly compare the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia?

Your patient is a 44-year-old male with a history of diabetes. He is lying on the living room floor, unresponsive to all stimuli. He has a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute and heart rate of 112 beats per minute, and is pale and sweaty. Which of the following should you do to treat this patient?

Your patient is a 19-year-old female who is 7 months pregnant. She just experienced a seizure. Although she has no previous history of seizures or any other medical condition, she was just diagnosed with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the seizure?

You have arrived on the scene of a call for a possible stroke. On your arrival, the patient denies signs and symptoms, is alert and oriented, and moves all extremities well. Her husband states that before you arrived the patient could not move her right arm and the left side of her face seemed to be 'slack.' Which of the following has most likely occurred?

When assessing a patient for a possible stroke, which of the following three functions should be tested by the EMT?

Which of the following is the result of histamine and other chemicals in the body during anaphylaxis?

You are called to a farmhouse on a sunny spring afternoon. Upon arrival, a frantic mother tells you that her 3-year-old daughter was playing in the yard, accidentally stepped on a hornets' nest, and was stung repeatedly. The patient is alert, screaming and crying, and can follow her mother's commands. Her arms and legs are swollen and show the marks of several stings. Her body is covered in hives. Her vital signs are blood pressure 90/40, pulse 110, respiratory rate 24, and oxygen saturation 99 percent. Her lung sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. Her mother states she put "nox-a-sting" on the bites but the bites only seemed to get worse. What condition is the patient suffering from?

You have responded to a park where you find a 23-year-old female sitting on a bench near a running trail. She states that she has been running for the past 30 minutes, and all of a sudden, she cannot catch her breath. She states that this has never happened before and she usually runs 5 miles a day. Your assessment reveals that she is flushed, her pulse is fast and weak, her respirations are fast and she is wheezing, and she has hives on her arms and chest. She is most likely suffering from which of the following?

You are on the scene of a motor vehicle collision in which a car has driven off the roadway and is resting at the bottom of an embankment. The driver is in mild respiratory distress. His skin is flushed and he has hives. A Medic-Alert bracelet indicates an allergy to peanuts. You notice a candy bar wrapper on the floor of the car. Which of the following should you do first?

You are called to a residence for a 60-year-old male complaining of chest pain. You find the patient seated in bed. His past medical history includes hypertension and high cholesterol. The patient presents with hives over the chest, stridor, a swollen tongue, and wheezing in the upper fields. He denies any shortness of breath or respiratory distress, but does so in short two-to-three-word statements. What condition do you suspect?

You are called to the local park on a hot summer day for an 8-year-old child in respiratory distress. The child can barely speak and appears to be getting sleepy. Vital signs are blood pressure 90/60, pulse 120, and respiratory rate 32. Your physical exam reveals a swollen tongue, inspiratory stridor, wheezing, and hives on the neck and chest. What condition do you suspect?

You are treating a 28-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant. She has a history of bee sting anaphylaxis and was stung by a bee while in the garden. She is having severe respiratory distress and her blood pressure is 72/50 mmHg. Which of the following is the BEST option for the EMT?

You respond to a local swim park for a 29-year-old male who was stung by a bee and "passed out." Upon arrival, you find the patient unresponsive to all stimuli with agonal respirations at 6 per minute. You insert an oral airway and administer oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask. You notice that it is difficult to bag the patient. Your partner listens to lung sounds and states they are very diminished in the upper fields and absent in the lower fields. What is the BEST action?

When documenting the administration of an epinephrine auto-injector, which of the following should be included?

After administering epinephrine per medical control via an auto-injector to an unresponsive anaphylactic adult patient, your partner reassesses the lung sounds. He tells you that the patient is now wheezing loudly in all fields whereas before the injection they were diminished in the upper fields and absent in the lower. What is your suspicion regarding the patient's condition?

Which of the following preventive measures is useful against all communicable diseases?

Which of the following most accurately describes the pathophysiology of sepsis?

Which of the following BEST describes a difference between the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA)?

You are called to the scene of a 13-year-old male with a fever and cough. Upon assessment, you note a red blotch rash on the face and trunk, and small bluish-white spots on the inside of the cheeks. Based on this presentation, the patient likely has:

While caring for a patient known to have hepatitis B, you are splattered across the face with blood. You were not wearing eye protection at the time and some of the blood got onto your eyeball. You have never received your hepatitis B vaccination. Which of the following postexposure actions would NOT lower your risk of developing hepatitis B?

You have been called to the scene of an 83-year-old woman with a high fever who reports chills and shortness of breath. She is tachypneic and showing signs of pain upon inspiration. You talk with her a bit and she seems confused and unaware of where she is, who she is, or who you are. Based on this presentation, the patient likely has:

You have been called to the scene of a 19-year-old college student who is at his parents' house for the weekend. The patient complains of sensitivity to light and nausea. He also has a headache and is covered in what appears to be a red rash that does not blanch when pressed. Your partner asks the patient to sit up straight and then bring his chin down to his chest. For which of the following diseases is your partner assessing this patient?

You have been called to the scene of a single vehicle crash. The victim lost control of the vehicle on an

icy road and hit a tree. He shows signs of facial injury with bleeding, but is conscious and aware of his

surroundings. Before you begin providing care to him, he tells you that he has HIV and is currently takingmedication that has helped suppress his viral load. Based on this information, which of the following

actions should you take?

You are called to the scene of a patient with influenza. She tells you her symptoms started about 5 days ago and that she began taking antiviral medication 2 days ago. Her symptoms have not improved since taking the medication. What is the most likely reason the medication has been ineffective?

Which of the following is the most important thing you can do when treating patients during a public crisis related to a newly recognized infectious disease?

Which of the following MOST affects the extent of damage a poison does to the body?

Carbon monoxide poisoning should be suspected when a patient has been in an enclosed area and has

which of the following signs and/or symptoms?

You are called to the scene of a 21-year-old female patient who is unresponsive. Her boyfriend suspects

that she tried to commit suicide by overdosing on her depression medications. The patient is

unresponsive to painful stimuli, with agonal respirations, and has vomited. She has a weak carotid pulse.

After securing the airway and providing oxygen by bag-valve mask, what is the MOST important

question the EMT can ask regarding the medication?

You respond to assist law enforcement with a 35-year-old male patient who, according to them, is "high

as a kite." The patient is anxious, tachycardic, and angry. What condition do you suspect?

You are called to the residence of a 78-year-old widow who lives alone with no children. She was found

by neighbors on the floor of the living room. She has fallen and fractured her left humerus. She is

disoriented and responds to verbal stimuli only. She has a blood pressure of 78/40 and a pulse of 48.

She has a history of high blood pressure and takes medication for it. She also takes medication for high

cholesterol and a medication to slow down a fast heart rate. Emergency Medical Responders find the

medication bottles in the medicine cabinet and they are empty. Your partner suspects that she

accidentally overdosed on her medications. Do you agree or disagree?

Your patient is an 18-year-old male who fell into a neighbor's swimming pool but was pulled out by

bystanders. The neighbors report that the patient wandered into their yard and that he said he had a

"funny numb feeling" in his head and his chest hurt before stumbling into the pool. As you are performing

CPR, you notice that the mucous membranes in his mouth and nose are swollen. Which of the following

would account for the patient's behavior and current condition?

Your patient is a 23-year-old male who is unresponsive in the restroom of a bar. His respirations are slow

and shallow, he has a heart rate of 50 beats per minute, he is sweating profusely, and he has constricted

pupils. Which of the following substances is MOST likely responsible for the patient's condition?

Which of the following conditions can mimic the signs of alcohol intoxication?

You respond to the county jail for a 48-year-old inmate arrested two days ago for public intoxication.

Guards state the patient is a known alcoholic and "frequent flier." The guards state that for several hours

the patient was "acting crazy" and seeing "bugs on the walls." The patient then began seizing and they called for an ambulance. You notice the patient is no longer seizing, diaphoretic, or confused. What

condition do you suspect?

You are called to the scene of a local nightclub for a 21-year-old female patient who is bradycardic and

in respiratory arrest. The patient's airway is patent and the chest easily rises with bag-valve-mask

ventilation. The patient's friends state the patient had only one or two drinks when she suddenly

complained of dizziness and "seeing things." Her friends state that she then passed out, started

twitching like she was seizing, and then stopped. Her friends adamantly state that she does not do

drugs. What situation do you suspect?

You are called to the scene of a patient with abdominal pain. Upon arrival, you find a 38-year-old Asian

man on the floor next to his desk writhing in pain. He is complaining of severe right-sided flank pain. His

blood pressure is 140/90, pulse 100, and his skin is ashen and diaphoretic. You suspect:

You are called to a 25-year-old male complaining of right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain. His other

symptoms are nausea and vomiting, fever, and decreasing pain in the umbilicus area. As an EMT, you

feel this patient might have:

You are called to a residence for a 48-year-old male patient. He is lying in bed, groaning in pain and

curled into a fetal position. His blood pressure is 88/50, pulse 136, and respiratory rate of 32. His wife

states that he complained of lower right abdominal pain for several days that got progressively worse,

until about an hour ago when it became suddenly unbearable. The wife states the husband had been

refusing to see a doctor, but she finally called 911. You suspect appendicitis and are concerned about

the subsequent onset of:

You are called to a residential neighborhood at 12:30 A.M. Your patient has just finished eating a super-

sized meal of deep-fried fish. He is now complaining of a "crampy" pain in the right upper quadrant and

has had two episodes of nausea and vomiting with a green emesis. What condition do you suspect that

your patient is experiencing?

You respond to the scene of a 50-year-old male complaining of severe abdominal pain. He has a history

of alcohol and drug abuse. His vital signs are stable and he presents with epigastric pain that radiates to

the back. He has guarding and point tenderness in the upper quadrants. You suspect:

You arrive on the scene to find an approximately 60-year-old male patient writhing on the floor. He is

complaining of a tearing pain radiating to his lower back. He has absent femoral pulses and has a

pulsatile mass just superior to his umbilicus. You suspect which of the following conditions?

You respond, along with fire department Emergency Medical Responders, to a 48-year-old female

having a syncope episode in the bathroom. You find the patient sitting on the commode vomiting into the

trash can. The vomitus appears to look like coffee grounds and has a foul smell. The patient is pale and

has been weak for the past few days. She has:

The detection of a bulging mass through the belly button that is not pulsating should make the EMT

suspicious that the patient may be suffering from which of the following?

You respond to a 75-year-old female who is complaining of epigastric pain that feels like heartburn and

radiates to the right shoulder. Her vital signs are stable and she has a previous history of myocardial

infarction. She has prescription nitroglycerine tablets. An ALS unit is enroute. After performing a physical

examination and applying oxygen by nasal cannula, you should:

You are examining a 24-year-old female patient with lower quadrant abdominal pain. What is the MOST

LETHAL possibility?

EMTs may come across a situation where a patient begins to act extremely agitated or psychotic.

Elevated temperature and sometimes alcohol or drug intoxication may be present. The patient will soon

cease struggling, and often within minutes the patient develops inadequate or absent respirations and

subsequently dies. It is important for the EMT to be alert for this sequence of events in a patient who

exhibits this behavior and monitor the patient constantly throughout the call. This condition is called:

According to coworkers, your 25-year-old female patient suddenly began acting aggressively and being

verbally abusive. She tells you she is "starving" and you notice that she is pale and diaphoretic. Which of

the following would be an appropriate general impression?

Which of the following medical conditions may be the underlying cause of an apparent behavioral

emergency?

You are confronted with a patient experiencing personality changes ranging from irritability to irrational

behavior, altered mental status, amnesia or confusion, irregular respirations, elevated blood pressure,

and decreasing pulse. It appears to be a psychiatric emergency. What else could cause this behavior?

You are dispatched to a local fast-food restaurant for a "nature unknown" call. You arrive on-scene and

find a 47-year-old male in front of the counter repeatedly singing "Happy Birthday" to himself. Police are

on-scene and the scene is safe. Which of the following would be considered appropriate care?

Which of the following is the BEST defense for an EMT when facing allegations of misconduct from a

mentally ill patient?

You are dispatched to a psychiatric emergency for a 68-year-old male. Dispatch provides no other

information and, when questioned by you, they do not have any more information. Although all steps are

important in dealing with this situation, which step is the MOST important?

Your patient is a 24-year-old male who is severely depressed. He tells you that he can't "handle the

pressure" anymore and that he wants to die. He is refusing transport. Which of the following is the most

appropriate decision regarding this patient's care?

You are dispatched to a suicide attempt. You arrive to find a 16-year-old who is extremely agitated and

pacing up and down in the living room of his house. Apparently, he threatened to go out, get a gun, and

shoot himself. His parents called it in as an attempted suicide. The scene is safe and there are apparently no weapons accessible to the patient. Which of the following would NOT be appropriate in

caring for this patient?

It is important that, as an EMS provider, you avoid creating a situation where positional asphyxia could

occur. Which of the following is positional asphyxia?

The correct terminology used for patients whose kidneys are damaged to the point where they require

dialysis to survive is:

You are dispatched to a sick call. The patient was just extricated from a bathtub where he was trapped

under the shower door for 2 days. The 72-year-old male had limited access to water from the bathtub

faucet. The patient is complaining of disorientation, nausea, and vomiting. What do you think is the

underlying cause for the illness?

How would you define anemia?

Because of abnormally shaped hemoglobin, sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients may occasionally

experience ________, causing a blockage of small blood vessels.

What is one of the most common diseases to affect the renal and urinary system?

The kidney's major function(s) include(s):

Hemodialysis is used to help the kidneys filter ________ and remove excess ________.

Two chronic medical conditions that dialysis patients frequently have in addition to kidney failure are

________ and ________.

Dialysis patients who have missed an appointment may present with signs of ________, which is a

similar presentation to ________.

You are dispatched to an unconscious hemodialysis patient. On arrival to the dialysis clinic, the patient is

unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You secure the ABCs, begin ventilation, and initiate chest

compressions. However, the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm is continuously unresponsive to

defibrillations with your AED. The best approach is to: