wayground logo

Free Printable Worksheets

Font size

S
M
L
XL
Worksheets

Quiz on Research Methodology

Total questions: 223

Worksheet time: 11hrs 52mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is Evidence Based Management? Practitioner expertise and judgement, Evidence from local context, Critical evaluation of best research, and Perspectives of affected people by a decision

4 lines
2.

What are the steps in the process of business research? Literature review, concept and theories, research questions, sampling, data collection, data analysis, writing up

4 lines
3.

What is induction? Observing patterns and then developing a theory (qualitative)

4 lines
4.

What is deduction? Based on drawn conclusions assumed to be true > theory testing and hypothesis

4 lines
5.

Writing up in business research consists of the following steps: Introduction > literature review > research methods > results > discussion > conclusion

4 lines
6.

What is theory? A way of explaining observed patterns of associations between phenomena

4 lines
7.

What is a Middle-range theory? Middle-range theories are specific, limited in scope, and bridge the gap between abstract 'grand theories' and empirical findings.

4 lines
8.

What is a Grand theory? All inclusive systematic efforts to develop a conceptual scheme (very abstract)

4 lines
9.

What is Empirical data? Using empirical evidence gaining knowledge through observations or experience

4 lines
10.

What is the process of deduction? Theory, Hypothesis, Data collection, Findings, Hypothesis confirmed or rejected, Revision of theory

4 lines
11.

What is Iterative? Involves wearing back and forth between data and theory

4 lines
12.

What is Abductive? Logical inferences and build theories, based on pragmatist perspective, surprise and explanation afterwards

4 lines
13.

What are Hermeneutics? Study of interpretation

4 lines
14.

What is Ontology? Assumptions we make about what it means for something to exist

4 lines
15.

What is Objectivist Ontology? Objectivism asserts that social phenomena exist objectively, independent of human perception or interpretation.

4 lines
16.

What is Constructionist Ontology? Views social phenomena as 'made real' by human activities and the meanings attached to them.

4 lines
17.

Where is Post modernism about? Philosophical approach to think social sciences and how knowledge claims constructed through the language of science.

4 lines
18.

What is a Discourse analysis? Conduct research in the use of language in context with variety of social problems.

4 lines
19.

What are Epistemological considerations? Follows logically from ontology, crucially important, allows us to answer the question of how we should conduct research, it ensures us that the knowledge we produce is sound.

4 lines
20.

What is Positivism? Positivism is an epistemological position that advocates the application of the methods of the natural sciences to the study of social reality. Facts based

4 lines
21.

What is Interpretivism? Interpretivism is a contrasting epistemology to positivism. This approach is underpinned by a social constructionist ontology, which holds that reality is constituted by human action and meaning-making, rather than existing objectively and externally

4 lines
22.

What are Paradigms? 'A cluster of beliefs and dictates which for scientists in a particular discipline influence what should be studied, how research should be done, [and] how results should be interpreted'

4 lines
23.

What is Objectivist? There is an external viewpoint from which it is possible to view the organization, which is comprised of consistently real processes and structures;

4 lines
24.

What is Subjectivist? An organization is a socially constructed product, a label used by individuals to make sense of their experience.

4 lines
25.

What is Regulatory? To describe what goes on in organizations, possibly to suggest minor changes to improve them, but not to make any judgement;

4 lines
26.

What is Radical? To make judgements about the way that organizations ought to be and suggest how this can be achieved.

4 lines
27.

What is Functionalist? The dominant framework for the study of organizations, based on a problem-solving orientation which leads to rational explanation;

4 lines
28.

What is a Research design? A research design provides a framework for the collection and analysis of data?

4 lines
29.

What is important in a research design?

4 lines
30.

What is a research method? A research method is simply a technique for collecting data. It can involve a specific instrument, such as a self-completion questionnaire or a structured interview schedule.

4 lines
31.

What is Reliability? Reliability is concerned with the question of whether the results of a study are repeatable. Would you come to the same conclusion? Reliability is a particular concern in quantitative research.

4 lines
32.

What is Replicability? In order for replication to take place, a study must be capable of replication - it must be replicable. This is a very obvious point: if a researcher does not spell out their procedures in great detail, replication is impossible.

4 lines
33.

What is Validity? Validity is concerned with the integrity of conclusions that are generated from a piece of research.

4 lines
34.

What is Measurement validity? This type of validity applies primarily to quantitative research and the search for measures of social scientific concepts. Measurement validity is also often referred to as construct validity.

4 lines
35.

What is Internal validity? This type of validity relates mainly to the issue of causality. Internal validity is concerned with understanding whether a conclusion that incorporates a causal relationship between two or more variables holds

4 lines
36.

What are the threats to internal validity? Other events happen, People change, Non-random selection

4 lines
37.

What is external validity? This issue is concerned with the question of whether the results of a study can be generalized beyond the specific research context.

4 lines
38.

What are the threats to external validity? Can a lab experiment which is very controlled be generalized in the real world (which is less controlled)

4 lines
39.

What is Ecological validity? This criterion is concerned with the question of whether or not social scientific findings are applicable in everyday, naturally occurring social settings.

4 lines
40.

What is Variable? A variable is simply an attribute on which cases vary. If an attribute does not vary, it is a constant or way to measure a concept.

4 lines
41.

What is called the difference between treatment group and control group? Treatment effect.

4 lines
42.

What is normally high with experiments in general? Ecological validity

4 lines
43.

What does experiments lack in general? Replicability

4 lines
44.

What are the advantages of a lab experiment which is very controlled? Easier random assignment, high internal validity and replicability

4 lines
45.

What are the limitations of a lab experiment? Difficult to generalize the findings

4 lines
46.

What is a Field experiment? Real world, less controlled environment, sometimes not representative (general population)

4 lines
47.

What is Quasi experiment? Real world, regulation that becomes into a fact only applicable to certain firms.

4 lines
48.

What are the key characteristics of a Cross-sectional design? More than one case, At a single point in time, Quantitative or quantifiable data, Patterns of association. With a cross-sectional design it is possible to examine only relationships between variables.

4 lines
49.

What is the evaluation of a cross-sectional design?

4 lines
50.

What is concern about longitudinal? Attrition

4 lines
51.

Which variable corresponds to the presumed cause in experimental design? Independent variable

4 lines
52.

When comparing quasi experiments to real experiments, which validity is relatively weaker? Internal vs. external validity (internal is weaker)

4 lines
53.

Reliability is concerned with what? Consistency

4 lines
54.

When a researcher wants to develop a new measure and show that its contents reflect the concept in question, she needs to establish what type of validity? Face validity

4 lines
55.

Which of these is not one of the main preoccupations of quantitative researchers? Theory alignment

4 lines
56.

A researcher asks for marital status in their study. What type of variable is this? Nominal

4 lines
57.

Similar results are concerned with: Replicability

4 lines
58.

What is the purpose of a measure of central tendency? To identify the most representative score in a sample

4 lines
59.

What is a Longitudinal Design? Same survey of the same people on more than 1 occasion

4 lines
60.

What is a Panel study? Have observations every year

4 lines
61.

What is a Cohort study? Follow a specific group of people and ask them again in a few years.

4 lines
62.

What is the Evaluation of longitudinal design?

4 lines
63.

What is a Case Study Design? The basic case study entails the detailed and intensive analysis of a single case or company

4 lines
64.

What is the evaluation of a case study design? Biggest concern is external validity, impossible to generalize the findings

4 lines
65.

What is a Comparative Design? Using the same methods to compare two or more meaningfully contrasting cases

4 lines
66.

What are Concepts? Concepts are the building blocks of theory and represent the points around which business research is conducted. (abstract) (like efficiency as an example)

4 lines
67.

Why do we measure? Measurement allows us to delineate fine differences, consistent device and easier to have precise estimates

4 lines
68.

What are sensitizing concepts? Starting point, flexible

4 lines
69.

What are definitive concepts? Building blocks, rigid and well-defined

4 lines
70.

What are Indicators? Some social phenomena can be measured more or less directly. For example, we can directly measure such things as age, annual income, or organizational size

4 lines
71.

What are Measures? It is worth making two distinctions here. First, there is a distinction between an indicator and a measure. Measures, in other words, are quantities

4 lines
72.

What is Stability? This consideration asking whether a measure is stable over time

4 lines
73.

What is Internal reliability? The key issue here is whether or not the indicators that make up the scale or index for a concept are consistent among themselves

4 lines
74.

What is Inter-rater reliability? When a great deal of subjective judgement is involved in the recording of observations.

4 lines
75.

What is Validity? Validity assesses if a measure truly captures the concept, accuracy

4 lines
76.

What is face validity? measure apparently reflects the content of the concept in question.

4 lines
77.

What is Concurrent validity? where the measure's results are compared with a known criterion that relates to the concept. For instance, assessing job satisfaction by comparing it to absenteeism.

4 lines
78.

What is Predictive validity? whereby the researcher uses a future criterion measure, rather than a contemporary one as in the case of concurrent validity.

4 lines
79.

What is convergent validity? Measure concept through different methods such as observations and questionaires.

4 lines
80.

What are the main Criticisms of quantitative research? Failure to distinguish between the social and natural world, Disconnection from everyday life, and Static view of social life

4 lines
81.

What is Reverse operationalism? challenges the traditional deductive approach in quantitative research. Instead of defining concepts first and then creating measures, sometimes measurement itself leads to conceptualization.

4 lines
82.

What is a Factor analysis? Factor analysis is employed in relation to multiple-indicator measures to determine whether groups of indicators tend to bunch together to form distinct clusters, referred to as factors.

4 lines
83.

What are ratio scales? A ratio scale has a true zero point, ratios of scores on the scale must also make sense. A score of 16 on an anxiety scale means that the person is, in reality, twice as anxious as someone scoring 8.

4 lines
84.

What are interval scales? These scales too have equal intervals, but they do not have a true zero point, Values below zero can occur on an interval scale. (e.g. customer satisfaction, personality traits)

4 lines
85.

What are binary/Dummy variables? only two possible values, 1 or 0; or dead or alive

4 lines
86.

What are Nominal variables? can range over any number of non-negative integers

4 lines
87.

What are Ordinal variables? order of relationship (first,second,third)

4 lines
88.

What is Variance? is an average error between the mean and the observations that were made.

4 lines
89.

What is standard deviation? Square root of the variance is known as the standard deviation

4 lines
90.

What diagram do we use for nominal/ordinal variables? Bar chart or pie chart

4 lines
91.

What diagram do we use for interval/ratio variables? Histogram

4 lines
92.

A lack of symmetry is called? Skewness

4 lines
93.

A lack of pointyness is called? Kurtosis

4 lines
94.

What is the Mode? score in the distribution that occurs with the greatest frequency.

4 lines
95.

What is the Median? middle score when scores are ranked in order of magnitude

4 lines
96.

What is the Mean? only for metric variables (there is no mean when you look at green/red). Is the average.

4 lines
97.

What is Bivariate analysis? Analysis of two variables at one time, Cannot establish causality

4 lines
98.

What is Covariance? it tells is by how much scores on two variables differ from their respective means.

4 lines
99.

What is Multivariate analysis? Analysis of Three or more variables (third variable might be intervening)

4 lines
100.

Why perform a regression analysis? Predict the value of one variable (dependent, e.g., test scores) using another (independent, e.g., study hours).

4 lines
101.

For what analysis is regression used? Regression is mainly for surveys and secondary data.

4 lines
102.

What is the Intercept? Where it starts (if you don't study and only come to the tutorials and lectures, you may get 50% on your exam)

4 lines
103.

What is the Slope? how to improve it (if you study f.e. 2hours per week extra, you may get 80% on your exam)

4 lines
104.

What is The best-fitting line is the regression line? representing the prediction equation with the smallest amount of prediction error or deviation from the regression line.

4 lines
105.

What is Primary data? Data we collect ourselves, with a specific purpose of addressing the research question we are interested in.

4 lines
106.

What is Secondary data? Collected by others for other purposes.

4 lines
107.

What are the advantages of secondary data? Saves money and time, Offer high-quality data, Gives opportunity for longitudinal analysis, Allows subgroups analysis (cross-sectional)

4 lines
108.

What are the limitations of secondary data? Data can be very large and complex, The quality of data should never be taken for granted, There can be errors in the data, Variables important to your analysis might be missing

4 lines
109.

You would be committing ecological fallacies if you? Assume you can make inferences from findings relating to aggregate data

4 lines
110.

When 2 lines on a graph, representing an interaction between 2 variables, cross, we are talking about: a disordinal interaction

4 lines
111.

A researcher finds that the effect of the IV on the DV is entirely transmitted trough the mediator, this is full mediation.

4 lines
112.

What is the primary purpose of mediation analysis in business research? To understand the underlying mechanism or process by which one variable influences another.

4 lines
113.

The combined effect of 2 variables on another conceptually is know as……moderation……and statistically as…an interaction…..

4 lines
114.

If we want to visualize a relationship between a continuous DV and a continuous IV. Which graph should we use? Scatter plot

4 lines
115.

Which of these is not a limitation of secondary analysis? Cross-cultural analysis

4 lines
116.

What is archival proxy? Data that can be used to represent a underlying theoretical construct

4 lines
117.

ANOVAs are typically used to test data obtained from: experiments

4 lines
118.

ANOVA have to do something called variance partitioning. This is when the total variance in the DV is split into: between and within group variance

4 lines
119.

What is problem with Internal validity in secondary analysis? only associations, no casual relations, control for cofounding factors

4 lines
120.

What is a problem with reliability in secondary analysis? definitions, categories and allocated resources may change over time > difficult to repeat over time.

4 lines
121.

What is a Meta-analysis? involves summarizing the results of a large number of quantitative studies, The aim of this approach is to establish whether or not a particular variable has a certain effect by comparing the results of different studies.

4 lines
122.

What are Unobtrusive measures? An unobtrusive measure is any method of observation that directly removes the observer form the set of interactions or events being studied.

4 lines
123.

What are inferential statistics? Drawing conclusions about large populations (population parameters) to see if sample observations are meaningful

4 lines
124.

What is Sampling error? limits a researcher's ability to draw conclusions about the generalizability of the findings from a sample to the population. The more sampling error there is, the less confident one can be that findings are generalizable to the population.

4 lines
125.

What is Significance testing? offers a standardized comparison of a sample mean to the standard error of the mean.

4 lines
126.

What is a Central Limit Theory? when sample size is 30, or above 30, we assume that there is a normal distribution.

4 lines
127.

The lower the alpha and higher the confidence? the smaller power will be.

4 lines
128.

The larger the effect size? the more different from a mean of zero it is going to be, and the more unlikely it could have been found in a sample drawn from the null distribution.

4 lines
129.

Increasing sample size? increases power and lowers the p-value of an estimate. This is because sampling error in larger samples is smaller than in smaller samples.

4 lines
130.

Type 1 error is? When you reject H0, when H0 is true

4 lines
131.

Type 2 error is? When you do not reject H0, when H1 is true

4 lines
132.

low p-value, you cannot say that it is a strong effect, just statistically significant

4 lines
133.

intercept is where regression line crosses y-axis (y-axis is on the left side)

4 lines
134.

a 5% alpha value to 5%, how likely are you to commit a type 1 error? 5%

4 lines
135.

for homoscedasticity to be assumed what needs to be met? Residuals have to have similar deviation from predicted values

4 lines
136.

If we have more than 1 fixed effect in a regression model, which value will be different than if we had only 1 fixed effect in a model? Adjusted R squared

4 lines
137.

If we say that the null hypothesis implies the beta value in a regression will be 0, what does that mean? That mean Y will not change as a result of X (beta value is slope)

4 lines
138.

In a simple linear regression model, where we regress hours practiced for a test, on test results, what does the estimate b1 represent? Estimated change in results per unit change in hour practice.

4 lines
139.

A researcher concluded that there is no effect when in fact there're is one, what type of error is this? Type 11

4 lines
140.

What in fact do we mean when we say'' statistically significant? That an effect is surprising assuming that there us no effect in reality.

4 lines
141.

What is absence of collinearity?

4 lines
142.

What is Homoscedasticity?

4 lines
143.

What is normality of residuals?

4 lines
144.

What is absence of influential data points?

4 lines
145.

What is Independence?

4 lines
146.

What is Confounder?

4 lines
147.

What is mediation?

4 lines
148.

What is moderation?

4 lines
149.

What is an interaction effect?

4 lines
150.

An F-test is always?

4 lines
151.

What are the 3 sources of bias?

4 lines
152.

What is Simple Random Sample?

4 lines
153.

What is systematic random sample?

4 lines
154.

What is stratified random sampling?

4 lines
155.

What is multi-stage cluster sampling?

4 lines
156.

What are Things to keep in mind with sampling?

4 lines
157.

What is Convenience sampling?

4 lines
158.

What is limitation of convenience sampling?

4 lines
159.

What is Quota sampling?

4 lines
160.

What is the advantage of quota sampling?

4 lines
161.

What is limitation of quota sampling?

4 lines
162.

What assumptions should be fulfilled with ANOVA?

4 lines
163.

One-Way ANOVA is?

4 lines
164.

Two-Way ANOVA is?

4 lines
165.

Mixed-ANOVA is?

4 lines
166.

What is ANOVA?

a)

Technique used to compare means of two or more groups

b)

A method for analyzing variance

c)

A statistical test for correlation

167.

In what way ANOVA is similar to regression analysis?

a)

Both try to understand variance in the data that comes from different sources

b)

Both are used for hypothesis testing

c)

Both require normally distributed data

168.

A study has three treatment groups, select the statement that is true:

a)

this is a one-way design

b)

this is a two-way design

c)

this is a mixed design

169.

You run a One-Way ANOVA comparing three groups, the results show that the F value= 0,13. What is the likely p-value?

a)

Larger than .05. The lower the F value, the larger the P value

b)

Smaller than .05

c)

Equal to .05

170.

Select the correct response for A significant overall (or omnibus) effect of an ANOVA indicates:

a)

At least one group differs significantly from the other groups and from zero.

b)

All groups are equal.

c)

There is no significant difference.

171.

The percentage of a sample that agree to participate in a study is known as:

a)

Response rate

b)

Participation rate

c)

Engagement rate

172.

In a study, a researcher want to interview 100 employees from a large company. To ensure a representative sample, she decides to randomly select 10 employees from each company department. What sampling method is being used?

a)

Stratified sampling

b)

Simple random sampling

c)

Convenience sampling

173.

We can talk about sampling bias when:

4 lines
174.

What is probability sampling?

4 lines
175.

What is so convenient about convenience sampling?

4 lines
176.

External reliability in qualitative research is?

4 lines
177.

Internal reliability in qualitative research is?

4 lines
178.

External validity in qualitative research is?

4 lines
179.

Internal validity in qualitative research is?

4 lines
180.

Credibility is about?

4 lines
181.

Transferability is about?

4 lines
182.

Dependability is about?

4 lines
183.

Confirmability is about?

4 lines
184.

What is Respondent validation?

4 lines
185.

What is triangulation?

4 lines
186.

What is the critique of qualitative research?

4 lines
187.

What are the preoccupations of qualitative research?

4 lines
188.

Quantitative research is?

4 lines
189.

Qualitative research is?

4 lines
190.

Purposive sampling is?

4 lines
191.

Generic purposive sampling is?

4 lines
192.

Theoretical sampling is?

4 lines
193.

What is snowball sampling?

4 lines
194.

What is limitation of snowball sampling?

4 lines
195.

What is theoretical/conceptual saturation?

4 lines
196.

Unstructured interviews are?

4 lines
197.

Semi structured interviews are?

4 lines
198.

What are the advantages of qualitative interviews?

4 lines
199.

What are the limitations of qualitative interviews?

4 lines
200.

Flexibility and limited structure of qualitative research designs is an advantage because:

4 lines
201.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the criterion trustworthiness:

4 lines
202.

Respondent validation is the process by:

4 lines
203.

Which of the following is not a type of qualitative interviews?

4 lines
204.

Why is it helpful to prepare an interview guide before conducting semi-structured interviews?

4 lines
205.

What is a probing question?

4 lines
206.

A sensitizing concept is one that:

4 lines
207.

Which of the following is not a criticism of qualitative research?

4 lines
208.

Which problem is often associated with qualitative research?

4 lines
209.

What is the aim of thematic analysis?

4 lines
210.

What is content analysis in quantitative research?

4 lines
211.

What is content analysis in qualitative research?

4 lines
212.

What types of qualitative research are there?

4 lines
213.

What types of harm are there is business ethics?

4 lines
214.

Anonymization is easier in?

4 lines
215.

What is deception?

4 lines
216.

What is the grounded theory?

4 lines
217.

What is open coding?

4 lines
218.

What is axial coding?

4 lines
219.

What is selective coding?

4 lines
220.

What is a memo?

4 lines
221.

What is criticism of grounded theory?

4 lines
222.

What is the advantage of grounded theory?

4 lines
223.

What is the difference between thematic analysis and grounded theory?

4 lines

Similar Resources on Wayground

Nutrition Exam 4

225 questions

Nutrition Exam 4

quiz

Worksheet

•

University