What Supreme Court case stated the police did not violate the 4th amendment when they made an arrest that was based on Probable Cause but prohibited by state law, or when they performed a search incident to arrest?

What case law states police may conduct a pat down search of a passenger in a lawfully stopped vehicle if they have reasonable suspicion that the passenger is armed and dangerous?

What case law states police officers may order a driver to exit a vehicle during a lawful traffic stop without violation of the 4th amendment?

What case law states police officers have the authority to order passengers out of a vehicle during a traffic stop if they have reasonable suspicion that the passenger may pose a threat to their safety?

What case law states when police make a traffic stop, a passenger in the car, like the driver, is seized for the 4th amendment purposes and so may challenge the stops constitutionality or legality?

What case law states that where a reasonably prudent officer is warranted in the believing that his safety or others' safety is endangered, he may make a reasonable pat down for weapons he believes is armed and dangerous?

What case law states the temporary detention of a motorist upon Probable Cause to believe that he violated a traffic law does not violate the 4th amendment against unreasonable seizures, even if a reasonable officer would not have stopped the motorist absent some additional objectives?

What case states that a police officer, who has made lawful custodial arrest of the occupant of a vehicle he may, as incident to arrest, search the passenger compartment of the automobile, that is within the arrestees immediate control, and that the police may examine the contents of any containers found within the searched compartment?

Which case law is for the "automobile exception?"

What case law states absent justification for continued detention, an officer cannot extend a traffic stop beyond the time reasonably necessary to investigate sobriety, license status, confirm the vehicle is not stolen, and issue a citation or warning?

What case law states questioning an occupant of a vehicle about possible criminal activity after completing a traffic stop constituted a second detention that was not supported by reasonable suspicion?

(Facts of this case found that the continued detention was more coercive than consensual and therefore impermissible)