A geocentric model created by Ptolemy.

A cataloged star.

An ancient Greek analog computer that could predict lunar phases and eclipses based on Babylonian astronomical knowledge.

precise celestials measurements.

determining prayer times.

observing lunar phases for Ramadan.

All of the above.

Authored Almagest, a geocentric model of the universe explaining planetary motions with epicycles, which remained influential for over a millennium.

Created the first comprehensive star catalog with 850 entries, assigning celestial coordinates to stars.

Measured Earth's circumference with surprising precision using the angle of the Sun's rays at different locations.

Pioneered trigonometric methods, laying foundations for modern astronomy.

Predicted eclipses and calculated the length of the solar year with remarkable accuracy.

Enhanced the astrolabe by finding new applications, including measuring distances and heights

Improved Ptolemy's calculations and introduced more accurate tables for solar and lunar orbits.

Measured Earth's circumference with extraordinary precision and analyzed celestial movements using original sources rather than translations.

Formulated laws of planetary motion based on precise observations of Mars.

Developed universal laws of gravitation that explained planetary motion and laid the foundation for modern physics and astronomy.

Observed Jupiter's moons and Venus' phases, providing evidence for Copernicus' heliocentric model despite opposition from the Church.

VERA C. RUBIN OBSERVATORY

JWST

LASERSETI

TELESCOPE