______________________________ were based on the idea that something about a person's essential biology made them deviant.

How does being labeled deviant make someone deviant?

_________________ places almost all the explanatory power in a person's environment. While some elements of personality may be inherited, __________ generally see personality as a matter of socialization. So they see deviance as a matter of improper or failed socialization.

Which one is not one of the 3 Main Ideas of Sociological Approach to Deviance

Both biological and psychological explanations link criminal deviance to individual factors -- either of body or of mind -- while leaving out other important factors, like peer influence or what opportunities for deviance different people might be exposed to. Both only understand deviance as a matter of abnormality. Neither biology nor psychology can answer the question of why the things that are deviant are considered deviant in the first place.

Defining social norms involves social power. The law is many things, but Karl Marx argued that one of its roles is as a means for the powerful elite to protect their own interests. This is obvious in the case of something like fugitive slave laws, which applied a formal negative sanction to deviating from the norms of slavery. But we can also see it in things like the difference between a campaign rally and a spontaneous protest. Both are public political speech, and both may block traffic, but they draw resoundingly different reactions from police.

It simply means being non-normative, different. It's anything that deviates from what people generally accept as normal.

Negative social reactions to deviance.

When norms are codified into law, and violation almost always results in negative sanctions from the criminal justice system -- the police, the courts, and the prison system.

Attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behaviors in ways that limit, or punish, deviance.

The idea that deviance is essentially a matter of impulse control or having a personality that contains deviant actions.

Nothing is inherently deviant: Cultural norms vary from culture to culture, and over time and place, so what's deviant now might have once been quite normal.

Who theorized that deviants were basically subhuman, throwbacks to a more primitive version of humanity?

(He went so far as to suggest that deviants could be singled out based on physical characteristics, like a low forehead, stocky build, and prominent jaw and cheekbones, all of which he saw as reminiscent of our primate cousins.)

Affirmative reactions to deviance, usually in response to conformity.

Social Control:

How does sociology see deviance?

_________ occurs when norms are codified into law, and violations almost always result in negative sanctions from the criminal justice system

Folkways:

____________________________sees deviance and criminality as the results of how society is structured