HI104: What hardships did the Allied Prisoners of War (POWs) face during the Japanese Occupation?

• These POWs had to work under extremely h​ (a)   conditions.

• They were asked to c​ (b)   up the city, bury dead bodies, restore water and electricity supplies, and repair docks.

• Large numbers of POWs were also sent to Thailand to construct the Death R​ (c)   .

• They were not given enough food to eat and many fell victim to d​ (d)   .

HI104: Identify one anti-Japanese groups and describe the role played by them.
The M​ (a)   People's Anti-Japanese Army would carry out sudden attacks on the Japanese officers. They hid in the Malayan j​ (b)   to escape from the Japanese.

HI104: Identify the second anti-Japanese group and describe the role played by them.
Another anti-Japanese group was Force ​ (a)   . This was a secret organisation set up by the British to gather information about the Japanese and organise s​ (b)   activities.

HI 104: Give 2 reasons for the defeat of the British. Write 2 PEEL paragraphs.
Point 1: British prioritised defending Europe while Japan prioritised obtaining raw materials.
Elaborate: Britain was also fighting a war in Europe & North A​ (a)   , which were more important to them. Japan aimed to conquer SEA for raw m​ (b)   so they were more prepared to fight.
Example: Britain could not send enough war​ (c)   & battleships to Asia & Pacific region to fight against the Japanese.
Link: Therefore, Britain was defeated as they n​ (d)   SEA in terms of defence and priority.

HI 104: Give 2 reasons for the defeat of the British. Write 2 PEEL paragraphs.
Point 2: The British had a weak military with inferior e​ (a)   while the Japanese had a strong military with superior equipment.
Elaborate: The British planes were old and outdated but Japan had a large m​ (b)   air force and war fleet.
Example: The Japanese Z​ (c)   fighter planes destroyed about half of the British planes and the two battleships, the Repulse and Prince of Wales. The British also did not supply their army with t​ (d)   , whereas the Japanese had 300 tanks.
Link: Therefore, the British lost to the Japanese due to a poorly equipped army.

HI104: During the Japanese Occupation, the S​ (a)   C​ (b)   operation was carried out to eliminate all the Chinese who were anti-Japanese.

HI104: "Fear was more important than propaganda in helping the Japanese rule Singapore." How far do you agree? Explain your answer.

Paragraph 1: Yes, I a​gree that fear was more effective than propaganda because the violence-induced fear f​ (a)   people to obey immediately but propaganda takes a l​ (b)   time to convince people to be loyal to Japan.

HI104: "Fear was more important than propaganda in helping the Japanese rule Singapore." How far do you agree? Explain your answer.

Paragraph 2: Throughout their rule, the people were constantly living in fear because the Japanese took harsh action to establish control over the people. Those who were caught l​ (a)   were shot or beheaded, and their heads were displayed at p​ (b)   places. Barbed wire also put up across the roads to form road​ (c)   . The Japanese guards would make the people passing b​ (d)   to them as a sign of respect. Anyone who did not do so would be slapped, kicked or punished in some other ways. As a result, the fear incited within the society forced everyone to comply with the Japanese.

HI104: "Fear was more important than propaganda in helping the Japanese rule Singapore." How far do you agree? Explain your answer.

Paragraph 3: The Japanese also carry out intense propaganda to influence the minds of the people in Singapore so that the people would show loyalty. One of the first steps was to let the people learn the Japanese l​ (a)   . They wanted to remove western influence and promote Japanese culture and values. There were Japanese lessons published in the n​ (b)   and broadcasted over the radio. Japanese language was also taught in s​ (c)   . Privileges such as jobs and extra allowances were given to people to learn the Japanese language. The r​ (d)   sets were sealed so that people could only listen to local broadcasts. Hence, the Japanese tried every possible means to influence the minds of the local people and to induce loyalty and obedience toward their rule.

HI104: "Fear was more important than propaganda in helping the Japanese rule Singapore." How far do you agree? Explain your answer.

Paragraph 4: Both the use of fear and propaganda were instrumental to the Japanese rule of Singapore. However, inciting fear through the use of violence and brutality was more effective as images of the dead and the punished would d​ (a)   people from acting against the Japanese will. Propaganda was also effective, but its reach might be l​ (b)   to only those who could afford education, radio and newspapers, and those who were literate. Without the violence-induced fear, propaganda would not be as effective. Therefore, the use of fear was more effective and fundamental to have a f​irm control over Singapore.

HI105: Who was responsible for the organised strikes in 1947?

The communists under the M​ (a)   C​ (b)   Party (MCP) was responsible.

HI105: Why did people demand self-government after the war?
Reason 1: Colonial rule was i​ne​ (a)   as the British failed to defend Singapore.
Reason 2: The influence of external events such as the wave of rapid dec​ (b)   in other countries increased the locals' desire for self-government.

HI106: What are 2 reasons for Singapore's merger with Malaya in 1963?
• Political reason: Singapore wanted to gain i​ (a)   .

• Economic reason: Singapore wanted to have a C​ (b)   Market to solve un​ (c)   problems.

HI106: Why did Singapore separate from Malaysia in 1965?
Reason 1: The impact of the 1963 SG general election and 1964 federal elections.

Reason 2: Differences over the c​ (a)   of Malaysia (equality VS Malay special rights)
Reason 3: Lee Kuan Yew's move to form Malaysian Solidarity Convention
Reason 4: Clash of e​ (b)   interests (increased contribution, closing Bank of China)