The principle that states the oldest layer of sedimentary rock is at the top.

The condition of undisturbed sedimentary rock in which the oldest layer is at the bottom and the youngest layer is at the top.

The process by which sedimentary rocks are formed from molten material.

The theory that all sedimentary rocks are formed at the same time.

A large landmass formed by the collision of tectonic plates.

A giant continent into which most or all of the continents were assembled long ago.

A term used to describe a continent that is currently in existence.

A region of the Earth that is covered by water.

shaking and trembling that result from tectonic plate movement

a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust

the movement of the Earth's surface due to erosion

the formation of mountains due to volcanic activity

the theory that continents were once connected and have moved apart over time

the process by which continents collide and form mountains

the phenomenon of ocean currents affecting land masses

the idea that continents are fixed and do not move

Area of the mantle where hot rock rises upward.

A region with frequent volcanic activity due to tectonic plate movement.

A location on the Earth's surface with high temperatures due to solar radiation.

A place where earthquakes are most likely to occur.

Boundary where two tectonic plates move away from one another.

Boundary where two tectonic plates collide with each other.

Boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other.

Boundary where tectonic plates remain stationary.

the area under ocean water

a type of ocean current

a large body of freshwater

the shoreline of an ocean

Boundary where tectonic plates slide past each other in opposite directions.

Boundary where tectonic plates move away from each other.

Boundary where tectonic plates collide and create mountains.

Boundary where tectonic plates are stationary and do not interact.

process in which a dense plate sinks under a less dense plate and melts in Earth’s mantle

a process where two tectonic plates collide and create mountains

the movement of tectonic plates away from each other

a phenomenon where tectonic plates slide past one another

more than a dozen distinct plates that make up Earth’s surface and slowly move in different directions

a single large plate that covers the entire Earth

the layers of the Earth that do not move

the solid core of the Earth that remains unchanged

A structure that forms in Earth’s crust when molten material reaches Earth’s surface.

A type of mountain formed by the accumulation of sedimentary rocks.

An underground chamber filled with water that erupts as a geyser.

A large crater formed by the impact of a meteorite.

an explanation for why a phenomenon

a random guess about an event

a collection of unrelated facts

a statement that cannot be tested

vibrations that travel through Earth carrying energy

waves that are produced by ocean currents

sound waves that travel through the atmosphere

light waves that are reflected off the Earth's surface

A type of thermal energy transfer in which differences in temperature and density of fluids make them rise and fall.

A process where heat is transferred through direct contact between materials.

A method of energy transfer that occurs in solids only.

A phenomenon where energy is transferred through electromagnetic waves.

Boundary where two tectonic plates move apart, or diverge.

Boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other.

Boundary where two tectonic plates move together, or converge.

Boundary where tectonic plates remain stationary.

an idea that can be tested by experimentation or investigation

a proven fact that does not require testing

a random guess without any basis

a theory that has been accepted universally

a rating of an earthquake’s magnitude, on a scale from 0-9, based on the size of its seismic waves

a measure of the temperature of the Earth's core

a scale used to measure the depth of oceanic trenches

a classification system for different types of rocks

description of a repeated pattern observed in nature, without an explanation for the pattern

a principle that explains why something happens

a hypothesis that has been tested multiple times

a theory that is widely accepted in the scientific community

A type of volcano that erupts frequently and violently.

A structure that forms when magma rises into Earth’s crust but is trapped and can’t break through to the surface, causing pressure to build over time and finally erupt.

A small volcano that erupts lava flows rather than explosive eruptions.

A volcano that has not erupted in over a million years.