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5/2: Final Exam Study Guide

Total questions: 41

Worksheet time: 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The building block of nucleic acids are nucleotides.  Nucleotides are composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a _________________ base.
a)
oxygen
b)
hydrogen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon
2.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
3.

What would the other side of this strand of DNA be:  AATCATGGA

a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)

AGGTACTAA

d)
GGATAUCUA
4.

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

dRNA

5.
The process where mRNA is read and made into an amino acid chain.
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Transportation
d)
Transient
6.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
7.

Use your codon chart to match the mRNA CUU to the correct amino acid

a)

VAL

b)

TYR

c)

LEU

d)

PHE

8.

Amino Acids are built up to make_______

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

Lipids

d)

Proteins

9.

How are DNA and RNA different? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

a)

Only DNA can leave the nucleus

b)

RNA contains Thymine; DNA contains Uracil

c)

DNA is double stranded, RNA is a single stranded

d)

DNA contains Thymine, RNA contains Uracil

10.

Which organelle contains rRNA and reads the mRNA to synthesize a protein?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

11.

What is the name for a chain of amino acids?

a)

Polypeptide chain

b)

Triglycerides

c)

Polysaccharides

d)

Nucleotides

12.

What does a catalyst do?

a)

slows down a chemical reaction

b)

speeds up a chemical reaction

c)

stops a chemical reaction

d)

starts a chemical reaction

13.

What happens to a protein when it is denatured?

a)
Activation energy is lowered.
b)
It becomes stronger.
c)
It loses its shape.
d)
Activation energy is raised.
14.
Mutations affect the ________ of a protein. Because of this the proteins ______ is affected as well. 
a)
gene, function 
b)
sequence, gene
c)
shape,function
15.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

16.
What is a Gene?
a)
A segment of RNA that encodes for a protein
b)
A chromosome
c)
A segment of DNA that encodes for a protein
d)
Your genome
17.

Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

a)

Mutations 1 and 3 only

b)

Mutation 1 only

c)

Mutation 2 only

d)

Muations 1, 2, 3

18.

This technology allows us to do cool things such as "reprogram" bacteria to make important medicines for us

a)

selective breeding

b)

cloning

c)

polyploidy

d)

recombinant DNA

19.

This involves the process of controlling which organisms with which traits are allowed to breed together in order to make that trait more prominent.

a)

selective breeding

b)

genetic recombination

c)

cloning

d)

polymerase chain reaction

20.

What needs to be inserted into a bacterial cell to allow it to produce insulin to treat diabetes?

a)

An enzyme

b)

A molecule of insulin

c)

A length of DNA from a human

d)

A length of DNA from a bacterium

21.

What is a plasmid?

a)

An extra set of genes in bacteria, often in a circular shape

b)

A tool used to cut DNA

c)

A type of virus

d)

A protein that bacteria produce

22.

What is recombinant DNA?

a)

DNA that can only be found in bacteria

b)

The original DNA found in the nucleus

c)

DNA made up of sequences from different sources

d)

DNA that replicates on its own

23.

What term describes an organism that has genetic material from another organism?

a)

Hybrid

b)

Clone

c)

Transgenic

d)

Mutant

24.
An offspring will receive how many alleles from each parent to determine a specific trait?
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
five
25.
An allele whose trait only shows up when no dominant allele is present.
a)
hidden allele
b)
dominant allele
c)
recessive allele
d)
present allele
26.
Two heterozygous (Tt) tall pea plants are crossed. Which describes their offspring?
a)
50% tall and 50% short
b)
75%tall and 25% short
c)
100%short
27.

Which of the choices is heterozygous?

a)

BB

b)

Bb

c)

bb

28.

Which of the choices is homozygous recessive?

a)

BB

b)

Bb

c)

bb

29.

Which of the choices is homozygous dominant?

a)

BB

b)

Bb

c)

bb

30.

Which of the choices is recessive?

a)

BB

b)

Bb

c)

bb

31.
TT,tt,PP,pp,SS,ss are examples of alleles that are?
a)
homozygous
b)
heterozygous
c)
different
d)
homologous 
32.
The exact genetic makeup of an organism, such as RR, Tt, PP is its?
a)
phenotype
b)
dominance
c)
genotype
d)
trait
33.

When two Dominant alleles come together they can result in BOTH being present in the phenotype.

a)

CoDominance

b)

Incomplete Dominance

c)

Mixer

d)

Genetical Identity

34.

Cats that have wite fur with orange stripes and patches are an example of what?

a)

CoDominance

b)

Incomplete Dominance

c)

Incoherent Dominance

d)

DomDominance

35.

Wavy hair is a mix of curly and straight hair. Which of the following expalains this blending of traits?

a)

CoDominance

b)

Incomplete Dominance

c)

Incoherent Dominance

d)

DomDominance

36.
What percentage of the female offspring will be a carrier for this recessive disease?
a)
0%
b)
50%
c)
100%
d)
25%
37.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHXH
d)
XhY
38.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a male with hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHY
d)
XhY
39.
Which of the following genotypes belongs in the red box in the Punnett square?
a)
XBXb
b)
XbXb
c)
XbY
d)
XBY
40.
Which of the following is a hybrid?
a)
BB
b)
oo
c)
Bo
d)
AA
41.
If two parents are heterozygous for type A blood, what is the probability that their offspring would have type O blood?
a)
100 %
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%

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