Which of the following is a characteristic of a permanently defective sphincter?

The indications for antireflux surgery are the following except:

A patient is being worked up for esophageal cancer. Which diagnostic test provides the most reliable method of determining depth of cancer invasion?

45/M s/p Nissen fundoplication with Collis gastroplasty for GERD underwent endoscopy for dysphagia. Endoscopy with biopsy was done revealing low grade dysplasia. What is your next course of action?

This type of hiatal hernia is characterized by an upward dislocation of the gastric fundus alongside a normally positioned cardia

73/M with multiple co-morbidities compliant to maintenance medications came in due to dysphagia. EGD was done revealing stenosis on the distal esophagus, further studies showed competent sphincter. What is the appropriate management for this patient?

  Which of the following manometric studies is characteristic of DES?

50/M was diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma Siewart 2 involving the muscularis mucosa with no nodal involvement nor distant metastasis. What is the preferred treatment option for this patient?

59/M was diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma Siewart 2. On preop workup, FEV1 is 1.1 L and EF 45%. Albumin is 4g/dL and no reported significant weight loss. Tumor stage is T1aN0M0. What is your preferred surgical plan?

45/F came in 28hours post esophageal perforation – transferred from another institution. On CXR, there is mediastinal widening. There is contrast extravasation on the left. What is your plan?

40/M ECOG 0 came in due to dysphagia. On endoscopy, a tumor is noted 18cm from the incisors. Biopsy was done revealing SCC. Clinical stage T1bN0M0. What is your next treatment plan?

45/M ECOG 0 came in due to dysphagia. On endoscopy with EUS, tumor is noted at 45cm from the incisors invading the submucosa. Biopsy was done revealing adenocarcinoma with no nodal/distant metastasis. What is your treatment plan?

Principles of initial treatment of caustic injury includes the following except:

27/M came in 1 hour post ingestion of cleansing agent. After initial resuscitation, esophagoscopy was done revealing limited hemorrhage, exudate ulcerate and pseudomembrane formation on the thoracic esophagus. What is you next plan of action?