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AP Environmental Science Exam Review

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following processes shown in the diagram leads to precipitation? Evaporation rate, Runoff rate, Surface infiltration rate, Deep infiltration rate

a)

Evaporation rate

b)

Runoff rate

c)

Surface infiltration rate

d)

Deep infiltration rate

2.

What type of energy is considered a nonrenewable source?

a)

Solar

b)

Wind

c)

Geothermal

d)

Nuclear

3.

An ecologist examining several different ponds discovers that in one pond all the frogs are female. Which of the following most likely led to the all-female population of frogs?

a)

An endocrine disruptor

b)

A carcinogen

c)

Nitrogen fertilizers

d)

Heavy metals

4.

Which of the following would be most likely to occur in the scenarios that have experienced habitat loss and/or fragmentation in the diagram?

a)

Increase in territory size of large mammals

b)

Increase in genetic diversity of native species

c)

Decrease in the number of specialist species

d)

Decrease in the abundance of invasive species

5.

Which curve in the graph best represents a K-selected species?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

6.

Which of the following correctly pairs a greenhouse gas with its primary anthropogenic source?

a)

Methane and vehicular emissions

b)

Nitrous oxide and agricultural practices

c)

Chlorofluorocarbons and fossil fuel combustion

d)

Carbon dioxide and municipal solid waste from homes

7.

Which of the following best describes a supporting ecological service provided by wetlands: Wetlands serve as a source of aesthetic inspiration for art and literature. Wetlands provide a habitat for a wide variety of organisms. Wetlands provide opportunities for ecotourism, which provides revenue to the local economy. Wetlands serve as a major reservoir for nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle.

a)

Wetlands serve as a source of aesthetic inspiration for art and literature.

b)

Wetlands provide a habitat for a wide variety of organisms.

c)

Wetlands provide opportunities for ecotourism, which provides revenue to the local economy.

d)

Wetlands serve as a major reservoir for nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle.

8.

Which of the following is a possible effect of global climate change as illustrated in Scenario 1? Increased sea level would reduce the size of the habitat patches. Increased carbon dioxide availability spurs plant growth, which would increase habitat size. Decreased temperatures would cause unsuitable abiotic conditions. Decreased precipitation would eliminate habitat patches.

a)

Increased sea level would reduce the size of the habitat patches.

b)

Increased carbon dioxide availability spurs plant growth, which would increase habitat size.

c)

Decreased temperatures would cause unsuitable abiotic conditions.

d)

Decreased precipitation would eliminate habitat patches.

9.

This energy source is used to generate electricity with photovoltaic (PV) cells.

a)

Wind

b)

Solar

c)

Geothermal

d)

Hydropower

10.

This type of energy utilizes heat that is stored beneath Earth’s surface to heat water and produce steam.

a)

Solar

b)

Geothermal

c)

Wind

d)

Nuclear

11.

This type of irrigation, often used in orchards growing tree crops, distributes water to plants through small parallel channels between crop rows but often leads to increased soil erosion in the field.

a)

Furrow

b)

Drip

c)

Sprinkler

d)

Surface

12.

At which of the following locations in the stream was there most likely a discharge of excess organic matter into the water? A, B, C, D

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

13.

Geothermal energy is the main energy source at this location because it is located on a large divergent boundary.

a)

A) Mount St. Helens

b)

B) Iceland

c)

C) The Grand Canyon

d)

D) The Sahara Desert

14.

A farm is experiencing extensive crop loss due to high rains causing overly saturated soils. Which approach would best help the farmer alleviate the problem?

a)

Fertilizing the area with manure to eliminate the need for inorganic chemical fertilizers

b)

Amending the soil with clay to increase the water-holding capacity of the soil

c)

Amending the soil with sand to increase the permeability of the soil

d)

Using contour plowing to decrease soil erosion

15.

Which of the following is the best example of a tragedy of the commons?

a)

Depletion of crude oil on private lands

b)

Requiring permits for grazing cattle on United States parklands

c)

Eutrophication of a pond on a farmer’s land

d)

Accumulation of plastics in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

16.

In which of the following atmospheric layers does most weather occur?

a)

Troposphere

b)

Stratosphere

c)

Mesosphere

d)

Thermosphere

17.

Which of the following correctly explains a positive climate feedback loop found in the Arctic? Increased melting of permafrost increases Earth’s ability to absorb methane gas, which decreases greenhouse warming and decreases the melting of permafrost., Increased global temperatures lead to decreased sea ice coverage and decreased albedo, which further increases global temperatures., Increased evaporation and cloud formation decreases the amount of solar energy reaching the surface of Earth, which leads to cooler temperatures at the surface and decreased evaporation and cloud formation., Increased precipitation increases the size of high albedo snowpack in polar regions, which leads to increased habitat for Arctic organisms such as polar bears.

a)

Increased melting of permafrost increases Earth’s ability to absorb methane gas, which decreases greenhouse warming and decreases the melting of permafrost.

b)

Increased global temperatures lead to decreased sea ice coverage and decreased albedo, which further increases global temperatures.

c)

Increased evaporation and cloud formation decreases the amount of solar energy reaching the surface of Earth, which leads to cooler temperatures at the surface and decreased evaporation and cloud formation.

d)

Increased precipitation increases the size of high albedo snowpack in polar regions, which leads to increased habitat for Arctic organisms such as polar bears.

18.

Which of the following best describes one way the Clean Air Act helped reduce air pollution?

a)

Implemented a program to manage hazardous and nonhazardous wastes

b)

Proposed incentives for countries to reduce carbon emissions

c)

Created a fund to aid developing countries in reducing ozone-depleting emissions

d)

Introduced regulatory measures to control the amount of lead in fuels

19.

Based on the diagrams above, what is the percent change in the amount of runoff in urban areas compared to forested areas?

a)

150% increase

b)

300% increase

c)

450% increase

d)

600% increase

20.

Why can macroinvertebrate sampling be used to assess the overall health of a stream?

a)

They are easy to collect and identify.

b)

They live in an aquatic ecosystem for a long enough time to show the chronic effects of pollutants, and many tend to remain in the same area throughout their life span.

c)

They are the only organisms present in the stream.

d)

They reproduce quickly, providing immediate data on stream health.