The idea that the sun stands at the center of the universe

A new way of thinking about the natural world. Based upon careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs

He built a telescope in 1609 and used it to study the heavens. His observations, as well as his laws of motion, clearly supported the theories of Copernicus. In 1633 he recanted of his beliefs because of the threat of torture from the Catholic Church

A logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

This person developed the law of universal gravitation and published his ideas in a work titled "The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy" in 1687

The belief that God was the creator of an orderly universe, like a clockmaker who had set everything in motion. This God no longer intervened directly in human affairs.

A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems

The agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government

This philosopher said all people were born free and equal with three natural or human rights: life, liberty, and property. The purpose of government is to protect these rights.

The belief that truth can be discovered through reason or logical thinking

This person famously said, "I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it”

This person proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group form gaining total control of the government. This idea later would be called checks and balances

He argued that legitimate government comes from the consent of the governed.

He argued that all people were equal and that titles and nobility should be abolished

His ideas inspired many leaders of French Revolution

This person famously said, "man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains”

A social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment

This person published an essay called "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" in 1792 where she argued in favor of greater rights for women

One of the 18th century European monarchs who was inspired by Enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects

This person ruled Russia from 1762-1796. She ruled with absolute authority but also sought to reform Russia

This document was written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776. The document gave reasons for the United State's separation from Great Britain and expressed many enlightenment ideas in an eloquent way.

Measures designed to prevent any one branch of government from dominating the others

The US Constitution set up a ______________ in which power was divided between national and state governments.

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution which protect basic rights such as freedom of speech, press, assembly, and religion. Many of these rights had been advocated by Voltaire, Rousseau, and Locke