Sugar

Protein

Fat

Vitamin

Occurs with oxygen; produces 36 ATP and carbon dioxide

Occurs without oxygen; produces 2 ATP and lactic acid

Occurs in the presence of light; produces glucose and oxygen

Occurs in the mitochondria; produces 38 ATP and water

Calf muscle beneath gastrocnemius; also plantar flexes foot

Muscle located in the upper arm; responsible for elbow flexion

Muscle in the thigh; responsible for knee extension

Muscle in the abdomen; responsible for trunk rotation

Produces movement, maintains posture, stabilizes joints, and generates heat

Regulates blood pressure and heart rate

Facilitates nutrient absorption in the intestines

Supports immune function and hormone production

Abdominal muscle; flexes trunk

Muscle that extends the leg

Muscle that rotates the torso

Muscle that stabilizes the shoulder

Below, beneath

Above, upon

Beside, near

Inside, within

Moving a body part backward (e.g., jaw or shoulders)

Moving a body part upward (e.g., jaw or shoulders)

Moving a body part forward (e.g., jaw or shoulders)

Moving a body part sideways (e.g., jaw or shoulders)

Thin filament in the sarcomere

Thick filament in the sarcomere

Protein involved in muscle contraction

Component of the cytoskeleton

Organelle that stores and transmits calcium in muscle fibers

Structure responsible for protein synthesis in cells

Cell membrane surrounding muscle fibers

Organelle involved in energy production

Anaerobic process that produces glucose in the cytoplasm

Aerobic process that produces ATP in mitochondria

Process that occurs only in prokaryotic cells

Pathway that generates lactic acid in muscle cells

Calf muscle; plantar flexes foot

Thigh muscle; extends knee

Shoulder muscle; abducts arm

Back muscle; rotates torso

Center of the sarcomere where myosin anchors

End of the sarcomere where actin is located

Region where calcium ions are stored

Boundary between two sarcomeres

Energy source required for muscle contraction

A type of protein

A carbohydrate used for energy storage

A vitamin essential for metabolism

Joint that allows movement in one plane (e.g., hinge joint)

Joint that allows movement in three planes (e.g., ball-and-socket joint)

Joint that allows movement in two planes (e.g., saddle, condylar)

Joint that does not allow any movement (e.g., fibrous joint)

Turning the sole of the foot toward the midline

Turning the sole of the foot away from the midline

Bending the knee backward

Rotating the ankle outward

Movement towards the body’s midline in the coronal plane

Movement away from the body’s midline in the coronal plane

Movement in a circular motion around a joint

Movement of a limb backward in the sagittal plane

Lifting the front of the foot upward toward the shin

Bending the knee backward

Rotating the foot outward

Pointing the toes downward

Back of thigh; flexes knee

Front of thigh; extends knee

Side of thigh; rotates leg

Inner thigh; adducts leg

Upper arm muscle with three heads; extends elbow

Muscle located in the lower leg; flexes the knee

Muscle in the chest; responsible for shoulder adduction

Muscle in the abdomen; aids in trunk rotation