Free Printable Unit 5 AP US Government and Politics

1.

absentee ballot

a)

A 2010 decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures are free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be limited by federal law. Leads to creation of SuperPACs & massive rise in amount of third party electioneering

b)

A ballot completed and typically mailed in advance of an election by a voter who is unable to be present at the polls.

c)

The role played by the national media in investigating political personalities and exposing scandals.

d)

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

2.

Andrew Jackson

a)

Groups of individuals who share a common profession and are often organized for common political purposes related to that profession.

b)

Advertisements that support or oppose candidates' views without specifically calling for their election or defeat

c)

Institutions that connect citizens to government. The mass media, interest groups, and political parties are the three main ones.

d)

Founder of the Democratic Party; President of the "Common Man"

3.

apathy

a)

A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

b)

Money designated for the purpose of conducting a winning campaign

c)

Stories regarding politics and its leaders

d)

Lack of interest or concern regarding politics and policymaking

4.

Australian ballot

a)

Promotes policies based on a set of core political or religious beliefs

b)

People elected by the voters in a presedential election as members of the electoral college

c)

A government printed ballot of uniform size and shape to be cast in secret that was adopted by many states around 1890 in order to reduce the voting fraud associated with party printed ballots cast in public.

d)

Strategy of lobbyists that work closely with a few key members of Congress, meeting them privately to exchange information and favors

5.

Civil Rights Act (1957, 1964)

a)

The right to vote

b)

Local voting districts in a county, city, or ward

c)

1957 - addressed discrimination in voter registration and established the U.S. Office of Civil Right, an enforcement agency in the Justice Department. 1964 - also addressed voting.

d)

Divisions of a city for electoral or administrative purposes or as units for organizing political parties

6.

electorate

a)

All the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election.

b)

An election system in which the candidate with the most votes wins

c)

The 1961 constitutional amendment permitting residents of Washington, D.C., to vote in presidential elections.

d)

Money designated for the purpose of conducting a winning campaign

7.

Fifteenth Amendment

a)

Electoral event in which residents of this state meet in precinct caucuses to elect delegates

b)

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

c)

Group of interconnected stations that share programming and a parent company that supplies programming to stations

d)

A federal legislative agency that audits (investigates) other agencies of the federal government and reports it's findings to Congress (makes sure they are not spending more money than the government has appropriated for them).

8.

franchise

a)

The right to vote

b)

Donations to the presidential campaign from the federal government that are determined by the amount of private funds a qualifying candidate raises. No recent presidential candidate has accepted them.

c)

National party leaders who automatically get a delegate slot at the Democratic national party convention. Not permitted to vote on the 1st ballot for President starting in 2020.

d)

Representatives of interest groups who contact lawmakers or other government officials directly to influence their policy making

9.

gender gap

a)

The belief that one's political participation really matters - that one's vote can actually make a difference

b)

Passed in 1974 for reforming campaign finances. The act created the Federal Election Commission (FEC), provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions.

c)

Longstanding nickname for the Republican Party; ironically, bestowed early in the party's history, in the 1870's

d)

Difference in political views between men and women

10.

Grandfather Clause

a)

An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections.

b)

Declared some federal limits on campaign contributions in FECA violated First Amendment (ex. maximum spending limit and limits on candidates' spending their own money).

c)

Allowed people to vote if their father or grandfather had voted before Reconstruction

d)

The attempt to describe (to answer the what questions) and then to explain politics (to answer the why and how questions)

11.

Help America Vote Act (2002)

a)

The right to vote

b)

The law that passed in 2002 to regulate federal elections and help poorer counties acquire more modern voting machines.

c)

Organization set up after Citizens United to engage in independent electioneering. Can receive unlimited donations but cannot coordinate with a candidate. Causing amount of money spent on elections to skyrocket.

d)

Politically active nonprofits; under federal law, these nonprofits can spend unlimited amounts on political campaigns and not disclose their donors as long as their activities are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns and political activities are not their primary purpose

12.

linkage institutions

a)

The practice of keeping blacks from voting in the southern states' primaries through arbitrary use of registration requirements and intimidation

b)

Institutions that connect citizens to government. The mass media, interest groups, and political parties are the three main ones.

c)

Interviews given to journalists by a prominent person in order to make an announcement or answer questions.

d)

The social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations

13.

literacy test

a)

The attempt to describe (to answer the what questions) and then to explain politics (to answer the why and how questions)

b)

An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections.

c)

A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

d)

Commonly referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

14.

National Voter Registration Act (motor-voter law) (1993)

a)

A lobbying strategy that relies on participation by group members, such as a protest or a letter-writing campaign.

b)

An individual who does not to join a group representing his or her interests yet receives the benefit of the group's influence.

c)

Required states to allow voters to register when they get their driver's license

d)

Divisions of a city for electoral or administrative purposes or as units for organizing political parties

15.

Nineteenth Amendment

a)

The original television broadcasting networks: ABC, CBS, NBC

b)

The first major opening up of American suffrage (voting rights) by Jackson's new Democratic Party in 1830s. Franchise extended to all white men (not just rich white men). Achieved by state legislation not constitutional amendment.

c)

Guarantees women the right to vote.

d)

A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations

16.

party identification

a)

Progressive reform that required U.S. senators to be elected directly by voters; previously, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

b)

A group of voters that are strongly motivated by a specific common concern or group of concerns to the point that such specific concerns tend to dominate their voting patterns, causing them to vote together in elections

c)

An informal and subjective affiliation with a political party that most people acquire in childhood.

d)

A body of book publishers, news media, etc., not controlled or restricted by government censorship in political or ideological matters

17.

political efficacy

a)

A government printed ballot of uniform size and shape to be cast in secret that was adopted by many states around 1890 in order to reduce the voting fraud associated with party printed ballots cast in public.

b)

The percentage of eligible citizens who actually vote in a given election

c)

The belief that one's political participation really matters - that one's vote can actually make a difference

d)

People elected by the voters in a presedential election as members of the electoral college

18.

poll tax

a)

A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

b)

The role played by the national media in keeping track of and helping make political reputations.

c)

Passed in 1974 for reforming campaign finances. The act created the Federal Election Commission (FEC), provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions.

d)

Short video clips of approximately 10 seconds. Typically, they are all that is shown from a politician's speech on the nightly television news.

19.

preclearance

a)

A type of radio broadcast in which the presenter talks about topical issues and encourages listeners to call in to air their opinions. Politically it tends to be dominated by conservatives

b)

Electoral event in which residents of this state meet in precinct caucuses to elect delegates

c)

Complex systems of relationships among groups that influence policy, including elected leaders, interest groups, specialists, consultants, and research institutes

d)

Prior approval by the Justice Department of changes to or new election laws in certain states

20.

prospective voting

a)

Basing voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of a given vote

b)

The legal right to vote

c)

The agency in charge of gathering, cataloguing, producing, authenticating, and preserving published information, including the production and destruction of information products and services for the federal government.

d)

Strategy of lobbyists that work closely with a few key members of Congress, meeting them privately to exchange information and favors

21.

provisional ballots

a)

Used when it is not clear that a voter is officially registered; allows the voter to cast a ballot that will be counted after eligibility has been confirmed by an elections official

b)

Founder of the Democratic Party; President of the "Common Man"

c)

An interest group made up of mayors, governors, and other state and local officials who depend on federal funds

d)

Group of interconnected stations that share programming and a parent company that supplies programming to stations

22.

rational-choice voting

a)

A popular theory in political science to explain the actions of voters as well as politicians. It assumes that individuals act in their own best interest, carefully weighing the costs and benefits of possible alternatives.

b)

A federal statute that requires public agencies to provide certain types of information requested by citizens

c)

Describes a situation in which one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of the United States Congress

d)

Alternative conservative leaning news channel to CNN

23.

retrospective voting

a)

It outlawed taxing voters, i.e. poll taxes, at presidential or congressional elections, as an effort to remove barriers to black voters.

b)

Allowed people to vote if their father or grandfather had voted before Reconstruction

c)

Representatives of interest groups who contact lawmakers or other government officials directly to influence their policy making

d)

A theory of voting in which voters essentially ask this simple question: "What have you done for me lately?"

24.

Seventeenth Amendment

a)

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

b)

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

c)

Allowed Americans to vote directly for U.S senators

d)

The congressional elections that take place midway through a president's four-year term.

25.

suffrage

a)

Stories regarding politics and its leaders

b)

Organization set up after Citizens United to engage in independent electioneering. Can receive unlimited donations but cannot coordinate with a candidate. Causing amount of money spent on elections to skyrocket.

c)

Interviews given to journalists by a prominent person in order to make an announcement or answer questions.

d)

The legal right to vote

26.

Twenty-Fourth Amendment

a)

It outlawed taxing voters, i.e. poll taxes, at presidential or congressional elections, as an effort to remove barriers to black voters.

b)

Changed the legal voting age from 21 to 18.

c)

Passed in 1974 for reforming campaign finances. The act created the Federal Election Commission (FEC), provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions.

d)

Meetings of party leaders to determine party policy or to choose the party's candidates for public office

27.

Twenty-Sixth Amendment

a)

Changed the legal voting age from 21 to 18.

b)

Institutions that connect citizens to government. The mass media, interest groups, and political parties are the three main ones.

c)

A series of statements expressing the party's principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues

d)

The legal right to vote

28.

Twenty-Third Amendment

a)

Passed in 1974 for reforming campaign finances. The act created the Federal Election Commission (FEC), provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions.

b)

Direct interaction with public officials for the purpose of influencing policy decisions

c)

Newspaper publishers from around the nation formed this to promote cooperative news gathering by wire

d)

Gives the right of voting to citizens in Washington D.C. and that they get 3 votes in the electoral college

29.

voter apathy

a)

Parties based on a particular set of beliefs, a comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters

b)

A body of book publishers, news media, etc., not controlled or restricted by government censorship in political or ideological matters

c)

The lack of interest among the citizenry in participating in elections.

d)

A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage

30.

voter registration

a)

A government printed ballot of uniform size and shape to be cast in secret that was adopted by many states around 1890 in order to reduce the voting fraud associated with party printed ballots cast in public.

b)

System designed to reduce voter fraud by limiting voting to those who have established eligibility to vote by submitting the proper documents.

c)

A type of radio broadcast in which the presenter talks about topical issues and encourages listeners to call in to air their opinions. Politically it tends to be dominated by conservatives

d)

Benefits that have a monetary value, including money, gifts, services, or discounts received as a result of one's membership in an organization.

31.

voter turnout

a)

The percentage of eligible citizens who actually vote in a given election

b)

Used when it is not clear that a voter is officially registered; allows the voter to cast a ballot that will be counted after eligibility has been confirmed by an elections official

c)

Gives the right of voting to citizens in Washington D.C. and that they get 3 votes in the electoral college

d)

First Presidential primary and its winner becomes the media's major attention

32.

voting-age population

a)

Organization set up after Citizens United to engage in independent electioneering. Can receive unlimited donations but cannot coordinate with a candidate. Causing amount of money spent on elections to skyrocket.

b)

Donations to the presidential campaign from the federal government that are determined by the amount of private funds a qualifying candidate raises. No recent presidential candidate has accepted them.

c)

The percentage of people in a country who are eligible to vote because they satisfy the minimum age requirement.

d)

Declared some federal limits on campaign contributions in FECA violated First Amendment (ex. maximum spending limit and limits on candidates' spending their own money).

33.

voting blocs

a)

The role played by the national media in investigating political personalities and exposing scandals.

b)

The date on the presidential primary calendar when multiple states hold primaries and caucuses

c)

A group of voters that are strongly motivated by a specific common concern or group of concerns to the point that such specific concerns tend to dominate their voting patterns, causing them to vote together in elections

d)

A tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals (each limited to $2000) and present them to a candidate or political party as a "bundle," thus increasing the PAC's influence.

34.

voting eligible population

a)

Money designated for the purpose of conducting a winning campaign

b)

Citizens who have reached the minimum age to be eligible to vote, excluding those who are not legally permitted to cast a ballot

c)

Ads run from funds given to politically active nonprofits that can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals, and unions but are not required to disclose their donors.

d)

The date on the presidential primary calendar when multiple states hold primaries and caucuses

35.

Voting Rights Act (1965)

a)

A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage

b)

Lack of interest or concern regarding politics and policymaking

c)

Donations to the presidential campaign from the federal government that are determined by the amount of private funds a qualifying candidate raises. No recent presidential candidate has accepted them.

d)

A 2010 decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures are free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be limited by federal law. Leads to creation of SuperPACs & massive rise in amount of third party electioneering

36.

white primary

a)

The practice of keeping blacks from voting in the southern states' primaries through arbitrary use of registration requirements and intimidation

b)

A type of radio broadcast in which the presenter talks about topical issues and encourages listeners to call in to air their opinions. Politically it tends to be dominated by conservatives

c)

Media programming on cable TV (e.g., on MTV, ESPN, or C-SPAN) or the Internet that is focused on a particular interest and aimed at a particular audience, in contrast to broadcasting.

d)

System designed to reduce voter fraud by limiting voting to those who have established eligibility to vote by submitting the proper documents.

37.

conventions

a)

A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

b)

Allowed Americans to vote directly for U.S senators

c)

Newspaper publishers from around the nation formed this to promote cooperative news gathering by wire

d)

Large meetings for political parties to formally nominate candidates for the general election.

38.

critical election

a)

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

b)

Organizations offering technical and general assistance to entrepreneurs in a specific profession or industry

c)

Institutions that connect citizens to government. The mass media, interest groups, and political parties are the three main ones.

d)

An election when significant groups of voters change their traditional patterns of party loyalty.

39.

dark ads

a)

An act of giving one's public approval or support to someone or something

b)

Ads run from funds given to politically active nonprofits that can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals, and unions but are not required to disclose their donors.

c)

An individual who does not to join a group representing his or her interests yet receives the benefit of the group's influence.

d)

Gives the right of voting to citizens in Washington D.C. and that they get 3 votes in the electoral college

40.

Democratic National Committee (DNC)

a)

A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations

b)

The formal governing body for the United States Democratic Party.

c)

A lobbying strategy that relies on participation by group members, such as a protest or a letter-writing campaign.

d)

Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking.

41.

Democrat-Republicans

a)

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

b)

Funds given to politically active nonprofits that can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals, and unions but are not required to disclose their donors.

c)

Gave Americans access to national news 24 hours a day for the first time and made the news cycle nonstop

d)

A major American political party of the early 19th century favoring a strict interpretation of the Constitution to restrict the powers of the federal government and emphasizing states' rights.

42.

Democratic Party

a)

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

b)

Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking.

c)

An election system in which the candidate with the most votes wins

d)

A political party that believes that the federal government should take a more active role in people's lives, particularly those who are in need

43.

divided government

a)

Describes a situation in which one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of the United States Congress

b)

Parties rooted in poor economic times, lacking a clear ideological base, dissatisfied with current conditions and demanding better times

c)

Gave Americans access to national news 24 hours a day for the first time and made the news cycle nonstop

d)

Organizations offering technical and general assistance to entrepreneurs in a specific profession or industry

44.

economic protest parties

a)

Institutions that connect citizens to government. The mass media, interest groups, and political parties are the three main ones.

b)

The percentage of people in a country who are eligible to vote because they satisfy the minimum age requirement.

c)

Meetings of party leaders to determine party policy or to choose the party's candidates for public office

d)

Parties rooted in poor economic times, lacking a clear ideological base, dissatisfied with current conditions and demanding better times

45.

Grand Old Party (GOP)

a)

It outlawed taxing voters, i.e. poll taxes, at presidential or congressional elections, as an effort to remove barriers to black voters.

b)

Longstanding nickname for the Republican Party; ironically, bestowed early in the party's history, in the 1870's

c)

Basing voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of a given vote

d)

Founder of the Democratic Party; President of the "Common Man"

46.

hard money

a)

The social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations

b)

An election when significant groups of voters change their traditional patterns of party loyalty.

c)

Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed.

d)

The 1961 constitutional amendment permitting residents of Washington, D.C., to vote in presidential elections.

47.

Hill Committees

a)

The percentage of people in a country who are eligible to vote because they satisfy the minimum age requirement.

b)

Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate

c)

Groups of individuals who share a common profession and are often organized for common political purposes related to that profession.

d)

The name applied to the four party committees, one for each party in each house, charged with aiding candidates for Congress

48.

ideological parties

a)

Media programming on cable TV (e.g., on MTV, ESPN, or C-SPAN) or the Internet that is focused on a particular interest and aimed at a particular audience, in contrast to broadcasting.

b)

Electoral event in which residents of this state meet in precinct caucuses to elect delegates

c)

The law that passed in 2002 to regulate federal elections and help poorer counties acquire more modern voting machines.

d)

Parties based on a particular set of beliefs, a comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters

49.

independent expenditures

a)

The 1961 constitutional amendment permitting residents of Washington, D.C., to vote in presidential elections.

b)

Candidate or party with the most votes cast in an election, not necessarily more than half.

c)

An organization that seeks a collective good that will not selectively and materially benefit group members

d)

Expenses on behalf of a political message that are made by groups that are uncoordinated with any candidate's campaign.

50.

issue ads

a)

Benefits that have a monetary value, including money, gifts, services, or discounts received as a result of one's membership in an organization.

b)

Advertisements that support or oppose candidates' views without specifically calling for their election or defeat

c)

The media can influence what subjects become national political issues and for how long

d)

The role played by the national media in investigating political personalities and exposing scandals.

51.

Jacksonian Democracy

a)

Organization set up after Citizens United to engage in independent electioneering. Can receive unlimited donations but cannot coordinate with a candidate. Causing amount of money spent on elections to skyrocket.

b)

The first major opening up of American suffrage (voting rights) by Jackson's new Democratic Party in 1830s. Franchise extended to all white men (not just rich white men). Achieved by state legislation not constitutional amendment.

c)

The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention.

d)

Electoral event in which residents of this state meet in precinct caucuses to elect delegates

52.

McGovern-Fraser Commission

a)

Reveals a problem of a legal or ethical nature that in the journalist's judgement the public needs to know about

b)

Founder of the Democratic Party; President of the "Common Man"

c)

Attempt by the Democratic Party in 1968 to make the nominating process more inclusive of minorities, women, and younger voters at party conventions.

d)

The tendency of the media to cover campaigns by emphasizing how candidates stand in the polls instead of where they stand on the issues.

53.

minor parties

a)

A theory of voting in which voters essentially ask this simple question: "What have you done for me lately?"

b)

AKA third parties; typically do not win major elections but often bring more voters into the electorate; often spoil elections for a major party; may bring issues that the major parties will adopt

c)

Declared some federal limits on campaign contributions in FECA violated First Amendment (ex. maximum spending limit and limits on candidates' spending their own money).

d)

The date on the presidential primary calendar when multiple states hold primaries and caucuses

54.

New Deal coalition

a)

The media can influence what subjects become national political issues and for how long

b)

Required states to allow voters to register when they get their driver's license

c)

Coalition forged by the Democrats who dominated American politics from the 1930's to the 1960's. its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals.

d)

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

55.

party chairperson

a)

A primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place

b)

Displacements of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election period.

c)

AKA third parties; typically do not win major elections but often bring more voters into the electorate; often spoil elections for a major party; may bring issues that the major parties will adopt

d)

The head of the national committee of the political party who usually acts as the head of the party's permanent organization and has general direction of party strategy especially during election campaigns.

56.

party dealignment

a)

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

b)

In American presidential elections, the system in which the winner of the popular vote in a state receives all the electoral votes of that state.

c)

The gradual disengagement of people from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification.

d)

The head of the national committee of the political party who usually acts as the head of the party's permanent organization and has general direction of party strategy especially during election campaigns.

57.

party realignments

a)

An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements

b)

Electoral contenders other than the two major parties. American third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections.

c)

Displacements of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election period.

d)

Gave Americans access to national news 24 hours a day for the first time and made the news cycle nonstop

58.

platform

a)

Commonly referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

b)

An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections.

c)

Employment cycle in which individuals who work for governmental agencies that regulate interests eventually end up working for interest groups or businesses with the same policy concern.

d)

A series of statements expressing the party's principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues

59.

political action committee (PAC)

a)

Complex systems of relationships among groups that influence policy, including elected leaders, interest groups, specialists, consultants, and research institutes

b)

The gradual disengagement of people from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification.

c)

Newspaper publishers from around the nation formed this to promote cooperative news gathering by wire

d)

A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations

60.

psychographic segmentation

a)

Established congressional budget committees and the Congressional Budget Office, and gave Congress the power to prevent the president from refusing to fund congressional initiatives

b)

A bipartisan federal agency of six members that oversees the financing of national election campaigns

c)

1957 - addressed discrimination in voter registration and established the U.S. Office of Civil Right, an enforcement agency in the Justice Department. 1964 - also addressed voting.

d)

Dividing a market into different segments based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics

61.

Republican National Committee (RNC)

a)

U.S. political committee that provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States

b)

Basing voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of a given vote

c)

The congressional elections that take place midway through a president's four-year term.

d)

An advantage gained by a politician already in office, as compared to challengers.

62.

Republican Party

a)

A ballot completed and typically mailed in advance of an election by a voter who is unable to be present at the polls.

b)

An informal and subjective affiliation with a political party that most people acquire in childhood.

c)

Funds given to politically active nonprofits that can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals, and unions but are not required to disclose their donors.

d)

Commonly referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

63.

robocalls

a)

Banned soft money donations to political parties (loophole from FECA); also imposed restrictions on 527 independent expenditures (issue ads only, not direct advocacy for a candidate). Declared unconstitutional by Citizens United case. Also known as McCain-Feingold Act.

b)

An automated telephone call that delivers a recorded message, typically on behalf of a political party or telemarketing company

c)

Ads run from funds given to politically active nonprofits that can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals, and unions but are not required to disclose their donors.

d)

Dividing a market into different segments based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics

64.

single-issue parties

a)

Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking.

b)

Parties that concentrate on only one public policy matter

c)

Electoral district from which one person is chosen by the voters for each elected office

d)

U.S. political committee that provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States

65.

single-member districts

a)

Money designated for the purpose of conducting a winning campaign

b)

A federal statute that requires public agencies to provide certain types of information requested by citizens

c)

Electoral district from which one person is chosen by the voters for each elected office

d)

Advertisements that support or oppose candidates' views without specifically calling for their election or defeat

66.

social media

a)

Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking.

b)

The cable network that provides gavel-to-gavel coverage of congressional floor proceedings, committee hearings, and special events.

c)

Representatives of interest groups who contact lawmakers or other government officials directly to influence their policy making

d)

The social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations

67.

soft money

a)

Promotes policies based on a set of core political or religious beliefs

b)

Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate

c)

Describes a situation in which one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of the United States Congress

d)

Politically active nonprofits; under federal law, these nonprofits can spend unlimited amounts on political campaigns and not disclose their donors as long as their activities are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns and political activities are not their primary purpose

68.

splinter parties

a)

Political parties that are formed as offshoots of major political parties, usually by dissenters.

b)

Ads run from funds given to politically active nonprofits that can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals, and unions but are not required to disclose their donors.

c)

In American presidential elections, the system in which the winner of the popular vote in a state receives all the electoral votes of that state.

d)

a series of notes clarifying or explaining something; an expression of opinion

69.

superdelegates

a)

Granted voting rights to women.

b)

Required states to allow voters to register when they get their driver's license

c)

1957 - addressed discrimination in voter registration and established the U.S. Office of Civil Right, an enforcement agency in the Justice Department. 1964 - also addressed voting.

d)

National party leaders who automatically get a delegate slot at the Democratic national party convention. Not permitted to vote on the 1st ballot for President starting in 2020.

70.

swing states

a)

AKA third parties; typically do not win major elections but often bring more voters into the electorate; often spoil elections for a major party; may bring issues that the major parties will adopt

b)

A political party that believes that the federal government should take a more active role in people's lives, particularly those who are in need

c)

In a presidential race, highly competitive states in which both major party candidates stand a good chance of winning the state's electoral votes.

d)

The social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations

71.

Super PAC

a)

Allowed people to vote if their father or grandfather had voted before Reconstruction

b)

An FCC requirement that broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues provide time for opposing views

c)

Organization set up after Citizens United to engage in independent electioneering. Can receive unlimited donations but cannot coordinate with a candidate. Causing amount of money spent on elections to skyrocket.

d)

U.S. political committee that provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States

72.

third parties

a)

Electoral contenders other than the two major parties. American third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections.

b)

Media whose content is influenced by the actions and needs of consumers

c)

Media programming on cable TV (e.g., on MTV, ESPN, or C-SPAN) or the Internet that is focused on a particular interest and aimed at a particular audience, in contrast to broadcasting.

d)

Complex systems of relationships among groups that influence policy, including elected leaders, interest groups, specialists, consultants, and research institutes

73.

two-party system

a)

The congressional elections that take place midway through a president's four-year term.

b)

The role played by the national media in keeping track of and helping make political reputations.

c)

The name applied to the four party committees, one for each party in each house, charged with aiding candidates for Congress

d)

An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections.

74.

Whig Party

a)

Lack of interest or concern regarding politics and policymaking

b)

1957 - addressed discrimination in voter registration and established the U.S. Office of Civil Right, an enforcement agency in the Justice Department. 1964 - also addressed voting.

c)

An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements

d)

An officeholder who is seeking reelection.

75.

winner-take-all voting

a)

Banned soft money donations to political parties (loophole from FECA); also imposed restrictions on 527 independent expenditures (issue ads only, not direct advocacy for a candidate). Declared unconstitutional by Citizens United case. Also known as McCain-Feingold Act.

b)

Though annual membership fees in most interest groups are modest, critics argue that the trend results in policies that favor higher socioeconomic classes.

c)

An election system in which the candidate with the most votes wins

d)

An automated telephone call that delivers a recorded message, typically on behalf of a political party or telemarketing company

76.

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)

a)

A group of voters that are strongly motivated by a specific common concern or group of concerns to the point that such specific concerns tend to dominate their voting patterns, causing them to vote together in elections

b)

National party leaders who automatically get a delegate slot at the Democratic national party convention. Not permitted to vote on the 1st ballot for President starting in 2020.

c)

Banned soft money donations to political parties (loophole from FECA); also imposed restrictions on 527 independent expenditures (issue ads only, not direct advocacy for a candidate). Declared unconstitutional by Citizens United case. Also known as McCain-Feingold Act.

d)

A ballot completed and typically mailed in advance of an election by a voter who is unable to be present at the polls.

77.

blanket primary

a)

A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

b)

The gradual disengagement of people from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification.

c)

The cable network that provides gavel-to-gavel coverage of congressional floor proceedings, committee hearings, and special events.

d)

A primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties

78.

Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

a)

Offices for gathering or distributing news

b)

A tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals (each limited to $2000) and present them to a candidate or political party as a "bundle," thus increasing the PAC's influence.

c)

Declared some federal limits on campaign contributions in FECA violated First Amendment (ex. maximum spending limit and limits on candidates' spending their own money).

d)

The media can influence what subjects become national political issues and for how long

79.

caucuses

a)

Coalition forged by the Democrats who dominated American politics from the 1930's to the 1960's. its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals.

b)

The tactics employed outside Washington, D.C., by interest groups seeking to achieve their policy goals.

c)

U.S. political committee that provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States

d)

Meetings of party leaders to determine party policy or to choose the party's candidates for public office

80.

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

a)

Parties rooted in poor economic times, lacking a clear ideological base, dissatisfied with current conditions and demanding better times

b)

An informal and subjective affiliation with a political party that most people acquire in childhood.

c)

A 2010 decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures are free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be limited by federal law. Leads to creation of SuperPACs & massive rise in amount of third party electioneering

d)

Promotes policies based on a set of core political or religious beliefs

81.

closed primary

a)

Progressive reform that required U.S. senators to be elected directly by voters; previously, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

b)

Granted voting rights to women.

c)

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

d)

Used when it is not clear that a voter is officially registered; allows the voter to cast a ballot that will be counted after eligibility has been confirmed by an elections official

82.

coattail effect

a)

Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed.

b)

A statement in a newspaper or magazine, or on radio or television, that expresses the opinion of the editors or owners on a subject of particular interest

c)

The influence of a popular presidential candidate on the election of congressional candidates of the same party

d)

Declared some federal limits on campaign contributions in FECA violated First Amendment (ex. maximum spending limit and limits on candidates' spending their own money).

83.

Electoral College

a)

Funds given to politically active nonprofits that can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals, and unions but are not required to disclose their donors.

b)

U.S. political committee that provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States

c)

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

d)

Short video clips of approximately 10 seconds. Typically, they are all that is shown from a politician's speech on the nightly television news.

84.

electors

a)

People elected by the voters in a presedential election as members of the electoral college

b)

Electoral district from which one person is chosen by the voters for each elected office

c)

The percentage of eligible citizens who actually vote in a given election

d)

Media whose content is influenced by the actions and needs of consumers

85.

Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)

a)

It outlawed taxing voters, i.e. poll taxes, at presidential or congressional elections, as an effort to remove barriers to black voters.

b)

A statement in a newspaper or magazine, or on radio or television, that expresses the opinion of the editors or owners on a subject of particular interest

c)

Passed in 1974 for reforming campaign finances. The act created the Federal Election Commission (FEC), provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions.

d)

Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters.

86.

Federal Election Commission (FEC)

a)

Political parties that are formed as offshoots of major political parties, usually by dissenters.

b)

Institutions that connect citizens to government. The mass media, interest groups, and political parties are the three main ones.

c)

Coalition forged by the Democrats who dominated American politics from the 1930's to the 1960's. its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals.

d)

A bipartisan federal agency of six members that oversees the financing of national election campaigns

87.

front-loading

a)

Coalition forged by the Democrats who dominated American politics from the 1930's to the 1960's. its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals.

b)

The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention.

c)

First Presidential primary and its winner becomes the media's major attention

d)

Candidate or party with the most votes cast in an election, not necessarily more than half.

88.

general election

a)

A regular election of candidates for office, as opposed to a primary election.

b)

Longstanding nickname for the Republican Party; ironically, bestowed early in the party's history, in the 1870's

c)

Money designated for the purpose of conducting a winning campaign

d)

The media can influence what subjects become national political issues and for how long

89.

hard money

a)

A statement in a newspaper or magazine, or on radio or television, that expresses the opinion of the editors or owners on a subject of particular interest

b)

Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed.

c)

The legal right to vote

d)

Reveals a problem of a legal or ethical nature that in the journalist's judgement the public needs to know about

90.

incumbent

a)

Alternative conservative leaning news channel to CNN

b)

An officeholder who is seeking reelection.

c)

The role played by the national media in investigating political personalities and exposing scandals.

d)

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

91.

incumbent advantage phenomenon

a)

The head of the national committee of the political party who usually acts as the head of the party's permanent organization and has general direction of party strategy especially during election campaigns.

b)

An officeholder who is seeking reelection.

c)

Electoral contenders other than the two major parties. American third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections.

d)

An advantage gained by a politician already in office, as compared to challengers.

92.

initiative

a)

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

b)

The influence of a popular presidential candidate on the election of congressional candidates of the same party

c)

Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters.

d)

Offices for gathering or distributing news

93.

invisible primary

a)

The tendency of the media to cover campaigns by emphasizing how candidates stand in the polls instead of where they stand on the issues.

b)

Early attempts to raise money, line up campaign consultants, generate media attention, and get commitments for support even before candidates announce they are running

c)

Motivation to join an interest group based on the belief in the group's cause from an ideological or a moral standpoint.

d)

The belief that one's political participation really matters - that one's vote can actually make a difference

94.

Iowa Caucus

a)

Politically active nonprofits; under federal law, these nonprofits can spend unlimited amounts on political campaigns and not disclose their donors as long as their activities are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns and political activities are not their primary purpose

b)

A government printed ballot of uniform size and shape to be cast in secret that was adopted by many states around 1890 in order to reduce the voting fraud associated with party printed ballots cast in public.

c)

Electoral event in which residents of this state meet in precinct caucuses to elect delegates

d)

People elected by the voters in a presedential election as members of the electoral college

95.

matching money

a)

Granted voting rights to women.

b)

An advantage gained by a politician already in office, as compared to challengers.

c)

Donations to the presidential campaign from the federal government that are determined by the amount of private funds a qualifying candidate raises. No recent presidential candidate has accepted them.

d)

Displacements of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election period.

96.

midterm elections

a)

Newspaper publishers from around the nation formed this to promote cooperative news gathering by wire

b)

Banned soft money donations to political parties (loophole from FECA); also imposed restrictions on 527 independent expenditures (issue ads only, not direct advocacy for a candidate). Declared unconstitutional by Citizens United case. Also known as McCain-Feingold Act.

c)

The congressional elections that take place midway through a president's four-year term.

d)

An election system in which the candidate with the most votes wins

97.

New Hampshire primary

a)

The tendency of the media to cover campaigns by emphasizing how candidates stand in the polls instead of where they stand on the issues.

b)

Media whose content is influenced by the actions and needs of consumers

c)

People elected by the voters in a presedential election as members of the electoral college

d)

First Presidential primary and its winner becomes the media's major attention

98.

open primary

a)

Displacements of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election period.

b)

Groups of individuals who share a common profession and are often organized for common political purposes related to that profession.

c)

A primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place

d)

An advantage gained by a politician already in office, as compared to challengers.

99.

plurality

a)

A government printed ballot of uniform size and shape to be cast in secret that was adopted by many states around 1890 in order to reduce the voting fraud associated with party printed ballots cast in public.

b)

The tendency of the media to cover campaigns by emphasizing how candidates stand in the polls instead of where they stand on the issues.

c)

Candidate or party with the most votes cast in an election, not necessarily more than half.

d)

The belief that one's political participation really matters - that one's vote can actually make a difference

100.

political action committees (PAC)

a)

System designed to reduce voter fraud by limiting voting to those who have established eligibility to vote by submitting the proper documents.

b)

A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations

c)

Progressive reform that required U.S. senators to be elected directly by voters; previously, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

d)

The gradual disengagement of people from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification.

101.

polling place

a)

The place where the voters who live in a certain precinct go to vote

b)

An advantage gained by a politician already in office, as compared to challengers.

c)

Advertisements that support or oppose candidates' views without specifically calling for their election or defeat

d)

Political action committees set up by political leaders as a means to finance the campaigns of political allies whom they believe will reciprocate with support for their own political ambitions.

102.

precincts

a)

Local voting districts in a county, city, or ward

b)

A series of statements expressing the party's principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues

c)

The agency in charge of gathering, cataloguing, producing, authenticating, and preserving published information, including the production and destruction of information products and services for the federal government.

d)

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

103.

primary election

a)

A regular election of candidates for office, as opposed to a primary election.

b)

All the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election.

c)

Nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

d)

Group of interconnected stations that share programming and a parent company that supplies programming to stations

104.

recall

a)

Stations that use network programming but are owned by companies other than the networks

b)

Local voting districts in a county, city, or ward

c)

Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office

d)

Declared some federal limits on campaign contributions in FECA violated First Amendment (ex. maximum spending limit and limits on candidates' spending their own money).

105.

referendum

a)

An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements

b)

Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters.

c)

All the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election.

d)

A general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.

106.

soft money

a)

The practice of keeping blacks from voting in the southern states' primaries through arbitrary use of registration requirements and intimidation

b)

Parties based on a particular set of beliefs, a comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters

c)

Tax-exempt organizations that can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money to promote "social welfare." They may advocate for or against candidates, but political activities cannot become their primary purpose. They can keep their donors and names of members secret.

d)

Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate

107.

split ticket

a)

An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections.

b)

Voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election

c)

The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention.

d)

Tax-exempt organizations that can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money to promote "social welfare." They may advocate for or against candidates, but political activities cannot become their primary purpose. They can keep their donors and names of members secret.

108.

Super Tuesday

a)

The attempt to describe (to answer the what questions) and then to explain politics (to answer the why and how questions)

b)

The percentage of eligible citizens who actually vote in a given election

c)

The date on the presidential primary calendar when multiple states hold primaries and caucuses

d)

Declared some federal limits on campaign contributions in FECA violated First Amendment (ex. maximum spending limit and limits on candidates' spending their own money).

109.

Twenty-Third Amendment

a)

All the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election.

b)

The 1961 constitutional amendment permitting residents of Washington, D.C., to vote in presidential elections.

c)

Electoral contenders other than the two major parties. American third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections.

d)

A bipartisan federal agency of six members that oversees the financing of national election campaigns

110.

voter registration

a)

Groups of individuals who share a common profession and are often organized for common political purposes related to that profession.

b)

Benefits that have a monetary value, including money, gifts, services, or discounts received as a result of one's membership in an organization.

c)

System designed to reduce voter fraud by limiting voting to those who have established eligibility to vote by submitting the proper documents.

d)

A tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals (each limited to $2000) and present them to a candidate or political party as a "bundle," thus increasing the PAC's influence.

111.

war chest

a)

Direct interaction with public officials for the purpose of influencing policy decisions

b)

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

c)

The attempt to describe (to answer the what questions) and then to explain politics (to answer the why and how questions)

d)

Money designated for the purpose of conducting a winning campaign

112.

wards

a)

Gave Americans access to national news 24 hours a day for the first time and made the news cycle nonstop

b)

Divisions of a city for electoral or administrative purposes or as units for organizing political parties

c)

Political action committees set up by political leaders as a means to finance the campaigns of political allies whom they believe will reciprocate with support for their own political ambitions.

d)

Gives the right of voting to citizens in Washington D.C. and that they get 3 votes in the electoral college

113.

winner-take-all

a)

Banned soft money donations to political parties (loophole from FECA); also imposed restrictions on 527 independent expenditures (issue ads only, not direct advocacy for a candidate). Declared unconstitutional by Citizens United case. Also known as McCain-Feingold Act.

b)

A primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties

c)

In American presidential elections, the system in which the winner of the popular vote in a state receives all the electoral votes of that state.

d)

Allowed people to vote if their father or grandfather had voted before Reconstruction

114.

amicus curiae

a)

A Latin term meaning "friend of the court." Refers to interested groups or individuals, not directly involved in a suit, who may file legal briefs or oral arguments in support of one side.

b)

a series of notes clarifying or explaining something; an expression of opinion

c)

A government printed ballot of uniform size and shape to be cast in secret that was adopted by many states around 1890 in order to reduce the voting fraud associated with party printed ballots cast in public.

d)

An election when significant groups of voters change their traditional patterns of party loyalty.

115.

Budget and Impoundment Control Act (1974)

a)

Established congressional budget committees and the Congressional Budget Office, and gave Congress the power to prevent the president from refusing to fund congressional initiatives

b)

The social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations

c)

An election when significant groups of voters change their traditional patterns of party loyalty.

d)

People elected by the voters in a presedential election as members of the electoral college

116.

bundling

a)

A tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals (each limited to $2000) and present them to a candidate or political party as a "bundle," thus increasing the PAC's influence.

b)

Nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

c)

Founder of the Democratic Party; President of the "Common Man"

d)

Interviews given to journalists by a prominent person in order to make an announcement or answer questions.

117.

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

a)

A 2010 decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures are free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be limited by federal law. Leads to creation of SuperPACs & massive rise in amount of third party electioneering

b)

Parties that concentrate on only one public policy matter

c)

Organization set up after Citizens United to engage in independent electioneering. Can receive unlimited donations but cannot coordinate with a candidate. Causing amount of money spent on elections to skyrocket.

d)

Used when it is not clear that a voter is officially registered; allows the voter to cast a ballot that will be counted after eligibility has been confirmed by an elections official

118.

dark money

a)

Funds given to politically active nonprofits that can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals, and unions but are not required to disclose their donors.

b)

The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention.

c)

The date on the presidential primary calendar when multiple states hold primaries and caucuses

d)

Tax-exempt organizations that can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money to promote "social welfare." They may advocate for or against candidates, but political activities cannot become their primary purpose. They can keep their donors and names of members secret.

119.

direct lobbying

a)

A federal statute that requires public agencies to provide certain types of information requested by citizens

b)

An organization that seeks a collective good that will not selectively and materially benefit group members

c)

Direct interaction with public officials for the purpose of influencing policy decisions

d)

A general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.

120.

endorsement

a)

A mutually dependent relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. They dominate some areas of domestic policymaking.

b)

The role played by the national media in keeping track of and helping make political reputations.

c)

An act of giving one's public approval or support to someone or something

d)

Short video clips of approximately 10 seconds. Typically, they are all that is shown from a politician's speech on the nightly television news.

121.

501(c)(4)

a)

A series of statements expressing the party's principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues

b)

Divisions of a city for electoral or administrative purposes or as units for organizing political parties

c)

Politically active nonprofits; under federal law, these nonprofits can spend unlimited amounts on political campaigns and not disclose their donors as long as their activities are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns and political activities are not their primary purpose

d)

The lack of interest among the citizenry in participating in elections.

122.

501(c)(3)

a)

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

b)

Banned soft money donations to political parties (loophole from FECA); also imposed restrictions on 527 independent expenditures (issue ads only, not direct advocacy for a candidate). Declared unconstitutional by Citizens United case. Also known as McCain-Feingold Act.

c)

The agency in charge of gathering, cataloguing, producing, authenticating, and preserving published information, including the production and destruction of information products and services for the federal government.

d)

Tax-exempt organizations that can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money to promote "social welfare." They may advocate for or against candidates, but political activities cannot become their primary purpose. They can keep their donors and names of members secret.

123.

free rider

a)

A major American political party of the early 19th century favoring a strict interpretation of the Constitution to restrict the powers of the federal government and emphasizing states' rights.

b)

An individual who does not to join a group representing his or her interests yet receives the benefit of the group's influence.

c)

Money designated for the purpose of conducting a winning campaign

d)

Parties rooted in poor economic times, lacking a clear ideological base, dissatisfied with current conditions and demanding better times

124.

Government Accountability Office

a)

A political party that believes that the federal government should take a more active role in people's lives, particularly those who are in need

b)

Stations that use network programming but are owned by companies other than the networks

c)

Group of journalists who evaluate the positions of editorialists and decide how an issue will be discussed on the editorial page

d)

A federal legislative agency that audits (investigates) other agencies of the federal government and reports it's findings to Congress (makes sure they are not spending more money than the government has appropriated for them).

125.

grassroots lobbying

a)

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

b)

Gives the right of voting to citizens in Washington D.C. and that they get 3 votes in the electoral college

c)

A lobbying strategy that relies on participation by group members, such as a protest or a letter-writing campaign.

d)

The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention.

126.

grasstops

a)

Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed.

b)

Newspaper publishers from around the nation formed this to promote cooperative news gathering by wire

c)

An interest group tactic of enlisting the support of people w/ strong local influence or a personal connection to lawmakers

d)

An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections.

127.

ideological group

a)

A type of radio broadcast in which the presenter talks about topical issues and encourages listeners to call in to air their opinions. Politically it tends to be dominated by conservatives

b)

A mutually dependent relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. They dominate some areas of domestic policymaking.

c)

Electoral event in which residents of this state meet in precinct caucuses to elect delegates

d)

Promotes policies based on a set of core political or religious beliefs

128.

insider strategies

a)

Strategy of lobbyists that work closely with a few key members of Congress, meeting them privately to exchange information and favors

b)

a series of notes clarifying or explaining something; an expression of opinion

c)

AKA third parties; typically do not win major elections but often bring more voters into the electorate; often spoil elections for a major party; may bring issues that the major parties will adopt

d)

Benefits that have a monetary value, including money, gifts, services, or discounts received as a result of one's membership in an organization.

129.

intergovernmental lobby

a)

An advantage gained by a politician already in office, as compared to challengers.

b)

Stories regarding politics and its leaders

c)

An interest group made up of mayors, governors, and other state and local officials who depend on federal funds

d)

A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations

130.

issue networks

a)

Allowed Americans to vote directly for U.S senators

b)

Complex systems of relationships among groups that influence policy, including elected leaders, interest groups, specialists, consultants, and research institutes

c)

A general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.

d)

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

131.

iron triangles

a)

Electoral contenders other than the two major parties. American third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections.

b)

An organization that seeks a collective good that will not selectively and materially benefit group members

c)

A mutually dependent relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees. They dominate some areas of domestic policymaking.

d)

Interviews given to journalists by a prominent person in order to make an announcement or answer questions.

132.

leadership PACs

a)

When people join a cause because it seems popular or support a candidate who is leading in the polls

b)

Political action committees set up by political leaders as a means to finance the campaigns of political allies whom they believe will reciprocate with support for their own political ambitions.

c)

Direct interaction with public officials for the purpose of influencing policy decisions

d)

The attempt to describe (to answer the what questions) and then to explain politics (to answer the why and how questions)

133.

lobbying

a)

Lack of interest or concern regarding politics and policymaking

b)

Reveals a problem of a legal or ethical nature that in the journalist's judgement the public needs to know about

c)

Voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election

d)

Engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials, especially legislators, and the policies they enact.

134.

lobbyists

a)

Politically active nonprofits; under federal law, these nonprofits can spend unlimited amounts on political campaigns and not disclose their donors as long as their activities are not coordinated with the candidate campaigns and political activities are not their primary purpose

b)

Representatives of interest groups who contact lawmakers or other government officials directly to influence their policy making

c)

It outlawed taxing voters, i.e. poll taxes, at presidential or congressional elections, as an effort to remove barriers to black voters.

d)

An advantage gained by a politician already in office, as compared to challengers.

135.

material incentives

a)

A group of voters that are strongly motivated by a specific common concern or group of concerns to the point that such specific concerns tend to dominate their voting patterns, causing them to vote together in elections

b)

Reveals a problem of a legal or ethical nature that in the journalist's judgement the public needs to know about

c)

Benefits that have a monetary value, including money, gifts, services, or discounts received as a result of one's membership in an organization.

d)

Organization set up after Citizens United to engage in independent electioneering. Can receive unlimited donations but cannot coordinate with a candidate. Causing amount of money spent on elections to skyrocket.

136.

Nineteenth Amendment (1920)

a)

Granted voting rights to women.

b)

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

c)

Organizations offering technical and general assistance to entrepreneurs in a specific profession or industry

d)

1957 - addressed discrimination in voter registration and established the U.S. Office of Civil Right, an enforcement agency in the Justice Department. 1964 - also addressed voting.

137.

outsider strategies

a)

An automated telephone call that delivers a recorded message, typically on behalf of a political party or telemarketing company

b)

A series of statements expressing the party's principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues

c)

Dividing a market into different segments based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics

d)

The tactics employed outside Washington, D.C., by interest groups seeking to achieve their policy goals.

138.

pluralism

a)

The theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation

b)

Engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials, especially legislators, and the policies they enact.

c)

Stories regarding politics and its leaders

d)

Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate

139.

political action committees (PACs)

a)

A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations

b)

The theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government; the outcome of this competition is compromise and moderation

c)

In American presidential elections, the system in which the winner of the popular vote in a state receives all the electoral votes of that state.

d)

A group of voters that are strongly motivated by a specific common concern or group of concerns to the point that such specific concerns tend to dominate their voting patterns, causing them to vote together in elections

140.

professional associations

a)

An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections.

b)

Groups of individuals who share a common profession and are often organized for common political purposes related to that profession.

c)

First Presidential primary and its winner becomes the media's major attention

d)

Direct interaction with public officials for the purpose of influencing policy decisions

141.

public interest group

a)

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

b)

Established congressional budget committees and the Congressional Budget Office, and gave Congress the power to prevent the president from refusing to fund congressional initiatives

c)

The tactics employed outside Washington, D.C., by interest groups seeking to achieve their policy goals.

d)

An organization that seeks a collective good that will not selectively and materially benefit group members

142.

purposive incentives

a)

A body of book publishers, news media, etc., not controlled or restricted by government censorship in political or ideological matters

b)

A government printed ballot of uniform size and shape to be cast in secret that was adopted by many states around 1890 in order to reduce the voting fraud associated with party printed ballots cast in public.

c)

Meetings of party leaders to determine party policy or to choose the party's candidates for public office

d)

Motivation to join an interest group based on the belief in the group's cause from an ideological or a moral standpoint.

143.

revolving door

a)

Gives the right of voting to citizens in Washington D.C. and that they get 3 votes in the electoral college

b)

The gradual disengagement of people from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification.

c)

Employment cycle in which individuals who work for governmental agencies that regulate interests eventually end up working for interest groups or businesses with the same policy concern.

d)

In a presidential race, highly competitive states in which both major party candidates stand a good chance of winning the state's electoral votes.

144.

Seventeenth Amendment (1913)

a)

Progressive reform that required U.S. senators to be elected directly by voters; previously, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

b)

An FCC requirement that broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues provide time for opposing views

c)

A lobbying strategy that relies on participation by group members, such as a protest or a letter-writing campaign.

d)

It outlawed taxing voters, i.e. poll taxes, at presidential or congressional elections, as an effort to remove barriers to black voters.

145.

solidary incentives

a)

Political parties that are formed as offshoots of major political parties, usually by dissenters.

b)

Organizations offering technical and general assistance to entrepreneurs in a specific profession or industry

c)

Allowed people to vote if their father or grandfather had voted before Reconstruction

d)

The social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations

146.

Super PAC

a)

The gradual disengagement of people from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification.

b)

Political action committees set up by political leaders as a means to finance the campaigns of political allies whom they believe will reciprocate with support for their own political ambitions.

c)

Organization set up after Citizens United to engage in independent electioneering. Can receive unlimited donations but cannot coordinate with a candidate. Causing amount of money spent on elections to skyrocket.

d)

Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking.

147.

think tanks

a)

Institutional collection of policy-oriented researchers and academics who are sources of policy ideas

b)

An election when significant groups of voters change their traditional patterns of party loyalty.

c)

An FCC requirement that broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues provide time for opposing views

d)

Established congressional budget committees and the Congressional Budget Office, and gave Congress the power to prevent the president from refusing to fund congressional initiatives

148.

trade associations

a)

A primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place

b)

Organizations offering technical and general assistance to entrepreneurs in a specific profession or industry

c)

Institutional collection of policy-oriented researchers and academics who are sources of policy ideas

d)

Dividing a market into different segments based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics

149.

upper-class bias

a)

A regular election of candidates for office, as opposed to a primary election.

b)

Though annual membership fees in most interest groups are modest, critics argue that the trend results in policies that favor higher socioeconomic classes.

c)

Offices for gathering or distributing news

d)

Funds given to politically active nonprofits that can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals, and unions but are not required to disclose their donors.

150.

affiliates

a)

Banned soft money donations to political parties (loophole from FECA); also imposed restrictions on 527 independent expenditures (issue ads only, not direct advocacy for a candidate). Declared unconstitutional by Citizens United case. Also known as McCain-Feingold Act.

b)

A Latin term meaning "friend of the court." Refers to interested groups or individuals, not directly involved in a suit, who may file legal briefs or oral arguments in support of one side.

c)

Stations that use network programming but are owned by companies other than the networks

d)

The legal right to vote

151.

Associated Press (AP)

a)

A general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.

b)

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

c)

A series of statements expressing the party's principles, beliefs, and positions on election issues

d)

Newspaper publishers from around the nation formed this to promote cooperative news gathering by wire

152.

bandwagon effect

a)

An election when significant groups of voters change their traditional patterns of party loyalty.

b)

Local voting districts in a county, city, or ward

c)

Candidate or party with the most votes cast in an election, not necessarily more than half.

d)

When people join a cause because it seems popular or support a candidate who is leading in the polls

153.

Big Three Networks

a)

Displacements of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election period.

b)

Motivation to join an interest group based on the belief in the group's cause from an ideological or a moral standpoint.

c)

The original television broadcasting networks: ABC, CBS, NBC

d)

Though annual membership fees in most interest groups are modest, critics argue that the trend results in policies that favor higher socioeconomic classes.

154.

broadcast network

a)

An interest group tactic of enlisting the support of people w/ strong local influence or a personal connection to lawmakers

b)

The law that passed in 2002 to regulate federal elections and help poorer counties acquire more modern voting machines.

c)

Group of interconnected stations that share programming and a parent company that supplies programming to stations

d)

The name applied to the four party committees, one for each party in each house, charged with aiding candidates for Congress

155.

Cable News Network (CNN)

a)

Difference in political views between men and women

b)

Gave Americans access to national news 24 hours a day for the first time and made the news cycle nonstop

c)

A popular theory in political science to explain the actions of voters as well as politicians. It assumes that individuals act in their own best interest, carefully weighing the costs and benefits of possible alternatives.

d)

Donations to the presidential campaign from the federal government that are determined by the amount of private funds a qualifying candidate raises. No recent presidential candidate has accepted them.

156.

commentary

a)

a series of notes clarifying or explaining something; an expression of opinion

b)

Lack of interest or concern regarding politics and policymaking

c)

Progressive reform that required U.S. senators to be elected directly by voters; previously, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

d)

Promotes policies based on a set of core political or religious beliefs

157.

confirmation bias

a)

Nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

b)

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

c)

Describes a situation in which one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of the United States Congress

d)

The law that passed in 2002 to regulate federal elections and help poorer counties acquire more modern voting machines.

158.

consumer-driven media

a)

The date on the presidential primary calendar when multiple states hold primaries and caucuses

b)

Media whose content is influenced by the actions and needs of consumers

c)

Alternative conservative leaning news channel to CNN

d)

When people join a cause because it seems popular or support a candidate who is leading in the polls

159.

C-SPAN

a)

A tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals (each limited to $2000) and present them to a candidate or political party as a "bundle," thus increasing the PAC's influence.

b)

The cable network that provides gavel-to-gavel coverage of congressional floor proceedings, committee hearings, and special events.

c)

Basing voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of a given vote

d)

Guarantees women the right to vote.

160.

editorial boards

a)

The legal right to vote

b)

Group of journalists who evaluate the positions of editorialists and decide how an issue will be discussed on the editorial page

c)

Political action committees set up by political leaders as a means to finance the campaigns of political allies whom they believe will reciprocate with support for their own political ambitions.

d)

Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate

161.

editorials

a)

Guarantees women the right to vote.

b)

Prior approval by the Justice Department of changes to or new election laws in certain states

c)

A statement in a newspaper or magazine, or on radio or television, that expresses the opinion of the editors or owners on a subject of particular interest

d)

Ads run from funds given to politically active nonprofits that can receive unlimited donations from corporations, individuals, and unions but are not required to disclose their donors.

162.

Fairness Doctrine

a)

An FCC requirement that broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues provide time for opposing views

b)

Offices for gathering or distributing news

c)

A regular election of candidates for office, as opposed to a primary election.

d)

Meetings of party leaders to determine party policy or to choose the party's candidates for public office

163.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

a)

An independent federal agency that regulates interstate and international communication by radio, television, telephone, telegraph, cable, and satellite.

b)

Engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials, especially legislators, and the policies they enact.

c)

Guarantees women the right to vote.

d)

It outlawed taxing voters, i.e. poll taxes, at presidential or congressional elections, as an effort to remove barriers to black voters.

164.

Fox News Channel (FNC)

a)

Alternative conservative leaning news channel to CNN

b)

Parties based on a particular set of beliefs, a comprehensive view of social, economic, and political matters

c)

Parties that concentrate on only one public policy matter

d)

Divisions of a city for electoral or administrative purposes or as units for organizing political parties

165.

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)

a)

A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations

b)

Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking.

c)

A federal statute that requires public agencies to provide certain types of information requested by citizens

d)

Stories regarding politics and its leaders

166.

free press

a)

A body of book publishers, news media, etc., not controlled or restricted by government censorship in political or ideological matters

b)

A type of radio broadcast in which the presenter talks about topical issues and encourages listeners to call in to air their opinions. Politically it tends to be dominated by conservatives

c)

Displacements of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election period.

d)

Money designated for the purpose of conducting a winning campaign

167.

gatekeeper

a)

A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

b)

The media can influence what subjects become national political issues and for how long

c)

Advertisements that support or oppose candidates' views without specifically calling for their election or defeat

d)

Citizens who have reached the minimum age to be eligible to vote, excluding those who are not legally permitted to cast a ballot

168.

Government Printing Office (GPO)

a)

The influence of a popular presidential candidate on the election of congressional candidates of the same party

b)

The agency in charge of gathering, cataloguing, producing, authenticating, and preserving published information, including the production and destruction of information products and services for the federal government.

c)

Stations that use network programming but are owned by companies other than the networks

d)

Newspaper publishers from around the nation formed this to promote cooperative news gathering by wire

169.

horse race journalism

a)

The congressional elections that take place midway through a president's four-year term.

b)

An interest group tactic of enlisting the support of people w/ strong local influence or a personal connection to lawmakers

c)

Passed in 1974 for reforming campaign finances. The act created the Federal Election Commission (FEC), provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions.

d)

The tendency of the media to cover campaigns by emphasizing how candidates stand in the polls instead of where they stand on the issues.

170.

investigative reporting

a)

Employment cycle in which individuals who work for governmental agencies that regulate interests eventually end up working for interest groups or businesses with the same policy concern.

b)

Reveals a problem of a legal or ethical nature that in the journalist's judgement the public needs to know about

c)

The media can influence what subjects become national political issues and for how long

d)

Granted voting rights to women.

171.

mainstream media

a)

Media sources that predate the Internet, such as newspapers, magazines, television, and radio.

b)

An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections.

c)

The tendency of the media to cover campaigns by emphasizing how candidates stand in the polls instead of where they stand on the issues.

d)

Group of journalists who evaluate the positions of editorialists and decide how an issue will be discussed on the editorial page

172.

narrowcasting

a)

Media programming on cable TV (e.g., on MTV, ESPN, or C-SPAN) or the Internet that is focused on a particular interest and aimed at a particular audience, in contrast to broadcasting.

b)

Nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

c)

Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed.

d)

The formal governing body for the United States Democratic Party.

173.

news bureaus

a)

The belief that one's political participation really matters - that one's vote can actually make a difference

b)

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

c)

Offices for gathering or distributing news

d)

Electoral event in which residents of this state meet in precinct caucuses to elect delegates

174.

political analysis

a)

AKA third parties; typically do not win major elections but often bring more voters into the electorate; often spoil elections for a major party; may bring issues that the major parties will adopt

b)

A government printed ballot of uniform size and shape to be cast in secret that was adopted by many states around 1890 in order to reduce the voting fraud associated with party printed ballots cast in public.

c)

The role played by the national media in investigating political personalities and exposing scandals.

d)

The attempt to describe (to answer the what questions) and then to explain politics (to answer the why and how questions)

175.

political reporting

a)

Stories regarding politics and its leaders

b)

A Latin term meaning "friend of the court." Refers to interested groups or individuals, not directly involved in a suit, who may file legal briefs or oral arguments in support of one side.

c)

Electoral event in which residents of this state meet in precinct caucuses to elect delegates

d)

Complex systems of relationships among groups that influence policy, including elected leaders, interest groups, specialists, consultants, and research institutes

176.

press conferences

a)

An FCC requirement that broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues provide time for opposing views

b)

In a presidential race, highly competitive states in which both major party candidates stand a good chance of winning the state's electoral votes.

c)

Interviews given to journalists by a prominent person in order to make an announcement or answer questions.

d)

National party leaders who automatically get a delegate slot at the Democratic national party convention. Not permitted to vote on the 1st ballot for President starting in 2020.

177.

scorekeeper

a)

The influence of a popular presidential candidate on the election of congressional candidates of the same party

b)

The role played by the national media in keeping track of and helping make political reputations.

c)

A general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.

d)

It outlawed taxing voters, i.e. poll taxes, at presidential or congressional elections, as an effort to remove barriers to black voters.

178.

sound bites

a)

Displacements of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election period.

b)

Lack of interest or concern regarding politics and policymaking

c)

Short video clips of approximately 10 seconds. Typically, they are all that is shown from a politician's speech on the nightly television news.

d)

Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amount and fully disclosed.

179.

talk radio

a)

A type of radio broadcast in which the presenter talks about topical issues and encourages listeners to call in to air their opinions. Politically it tends to be dominated by conservatives

b)

The tendency of the media to cover campaigns by emphasizing how candidates stand in the polls instead of where they stand on the issues.

c)

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

d)

The law that passed in 2002 to regulate federal elections and help poorer counties acquire more modern voting machines.

180.

watchdog

a)

Dividing a market into different segments based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics

b)

Media whose content is influenced by the actions and needs of consumers

c)

The role played by the national media in investigating political personalities and exposing scandals.

d)

The first major opening up of American suffrage (voting rights) by Jackson's new Democratic Party in 1830s. Franchise extended to all white men (not just rich white men). Achieved by state legislation not constitutional amendment.

Unit 5 AP US Government and Politics

Total questions: 180

Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins

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