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Worksheets

Deductive Reasoning Practice

Total questions: 30

Worksheet time: 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

All mammals are warm-blooded animals.

A dog is a mammal.

Therefore, a dog is a warm-blooded animal.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

2.

No fish can fly.

A salmon is a fish.

Therefore, a salmon cannot fly.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

3.

Some students are good at math.

John is a student.

Therefore, John is good at math.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

4.

All cats are good swimmers.

My pet dog is a cat.

Therefore, my pet dog is a good swimmer.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

5.

All roses are flowers.

Some beautiful plants are flowers.

Therefore, some beautiful plants are roses.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

6.

If it rains, the ground gets wet.

It is raining.

Therefore, the ground is getting wet.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

7.

Many people like chocolate.

Sarah is a person.

Therefore, Sarah likes chocolate.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

8.

All triangles have four sides.

This shape is a triangle.

Therefore, this shape has four sides.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

9.

Some doctors are rich.

Some rich people are happy.

Therefore, some doctors are happy.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

10.

All professional athletes train hard.

Michael Jordan was a professional athlete.

Therefore, Michael Jordan trained hard.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

11.

If it is dark, then it is night.

It is dark.

Therefore, it is night.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

12.

If a number is divisible by 4, then it is divisible by 2.

21 is not divisible by 2.

Therefore, 21 is not divisible by 4.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

13.

If she studied hard, she would pass the test.

She passed the test.

Therefore, she studied hard.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

14.

If he is a doctor, he is a healthcare professional.

He is not a doctor.

Therefore, he is not a healthcare professional.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true

c)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

15.

If I finish my homework, I will watch TV.

If I watch TV, I will be relaxed.

Therefore, if I finish my homework, I will be relaxed.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

16.

All A are B.

All B are C.

Therefore, all A are C.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

17.

Some D are E.

All E are F.

Therefore, some D are F.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

18.

No G are H.

All I are G.

Therefore, no I are H.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

19.

All J are K.

Some K are L.

Therefore, some J are L.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

20.

Some M are N.

Some N are O.

Therefore, some M are O.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

21.

All P are Q.

All R are Q.

Therefore, all P are R.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

22.

No S are T.

Some U are S.

Therefore, some U are not T.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

23.

All V are W.

Some X are not W.

Therefore, some X are not V.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

24.

Some Y are not Z.

All X are Y.

Therefore, some Xare not Z.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

25.

All B are C.

All C are D.

Therefore, all D are B.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

26.

If P, then Q.

P.

Therefore, Q.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

27.

If R, then S.

Not S.

Therefore, not R.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

28.

If T, then U.

U.

Therefore, T.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

29.

If V, then W.

Not V.

Therefore, not W.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false

30.

If X, then Y.

If Y, then Z.

Therefore, if X, then Z.

a)

Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true

b)

Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false