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WorksheetsDeductive Reasoning Practice
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 15mins
All mammals are warm-blooded animals.
A dog is a mammal.
Therefore, a dog is a warm-blooded animal.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
No fish can fly.
A salmon is a fish.
Therefore, a salmon cannot fly.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
Some students are good at math.
John is a student.
Therefore, John is good at math.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
All cats are good swimmers.
My pet dog is a cat.
Therefore, my pet dog is a good swimmer.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
All roses are flowers.
Some beautiful plants are flowers.
Therefore, some beautiful plants are roses.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
If it rains, the ground gets wet.
It is raining.
Therefore, the ground is getting wet.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
Many people like chocolate.
Sarah is a person.
Therefore, Sarah likes chocolate.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
All triangles have four sides.
This shape is a triangle.
Therefore, this shape has four sides.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
Some doctors are rich.
Some rich people are happy.
Therefore, some doctors are happy.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
All professional athletes train hard.
Michael Jordan was a professional athlete.
Therefore, Michael Jordan trained hard.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
If it is dark, then it is night.
It is dark.
Therefore, it is night.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
If a number is divisible by 4, then it is divisible by 2.
21 is not divisible by 2.
Therefore, 21 is not divisible by 4.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
If she studied hard, she would pass the test.
She passed the test.
Therefore, she studied hard.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
If he is a doctor, he is a healthcare professional.
He is not a doctor.
Therefore, he is not a healthcare professional.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Sound: Valid AND the premises are actually true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
If I finish my homework, I will watch TV.
If I watch TV, I will be relaxed.
Therefore, if I finish my homework, I will be relaxed.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
All A are B.
All B are C.
Therefore, all A are C.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
Some D are E.
All E are F.
Therefore, some D are F.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
No G are H.
All I are G.
Therefore, no I are H.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
All J are K.
Some K are L.
Therefore, some J are L.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
Some M are N.
Some N are O.
Therefore, some M are O.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
All P are Q.
All R are Q.
Therefore, all P are R.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
No S are T.
Some U are S.
Therefore, some U are not T.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
All V are W.
Some X are not W.
Therefore, some X are not V.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
Some Y are not Z.
All X are Y.
Therefore, some Xare not Z.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
All B are C.
All C are D.
Therefore, all D are B.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
If P, then Q.
P.
Therefore, Q.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
If R, then S.
Not S.
Therefore, not R.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
If T, then U.
U.
Therefore, T.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
If V, then W.
Not V.
Therefore, not W.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
If X, then Y.
If Y, then Z.
Therefore, if X, then Z.
Valid (logical): IF the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true
Invalid (illogical): Possible for the premises to be true and conclusion false
