He implemented land reforms and nationalized Mexico's oil industry in the 1930s. He was one of Mexico's most popular presidents.

_____ is a far-left political and militant group that currently controls a substantial amount of territory in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico

What was the primary goal of the people who fought for the Mexican Revolution?

• ____ led a force of approx.ately 10,000 U.S. soldiers across the Rio Grande into Mexico in pursuit of Pancho Villa.

___ represents the idea that people of African descent should be unified

• He led the Turkish National Movement which resisted partitioning of Ottoman Empire among victorious Allied powers after WW I. He also founded the Turkish Republic in 1923.

____ was an Islamic religious cleric. He became the supreme leader of Iran after the Pahlavi dynasty was overthrown in 1979. Iran replaced their pro-Western monarchy with an anti-Western Islamic State.

Today, Iran is considered to be the leader of the _____ Islamic world.

___ is the name of a conflict fought by Israel against Egypt, Syria, and Jordan in 1967. It resulted in the expulsion of about 350,000 Palestinians from the West Bank and 130,000 Syrians from the Golan Heights. Israel ended up occupying the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and the Golan Heights

____ is the country which leads the Sunni sect of the Islamic World.

____ is a conflict that began on Oct. 7th, 2023. It is currently ongoing. As of February, 2025, it has resulted in the deaths of over 1,706 Israelis, 48,219 Palestinians, 166 journalists, 120 academics, and 224 humanitarian aid workers. More than 2 million Palestinians have been displaced.

Brutality and exploitation in the name of King Leopold II of _______, perpetrated against the people of Congo to maximize rubber production, resulted in 8 to 16 million deaths among the natives from 1885 to 1908

___ involves segregation of public facilities and social events, separated housing, and employment opportunities. It includes laws making it illegal to pursue sexual relations across racial lines in South Africa from 1948 to early 1990s

Which nation controlled India as their colony?

___ refers to when the British fired upon a large crowd of peaceful protesters, most of them Sikhs, in an enclosed field in northern India. Nearly 400 people were killed and 1,100 wounded.

___ led the October Revolution and the establishment of the first socialist state under Communist rule. He abolished the private ownership of land, nationalized the banks and major industries, and withdrew Russia from World War I. He was the leader of the Soviet Union till his death in 1924.

Angry peasants resisted collectivization by growing just enough food for themselves. In response the government seized all their grain for the cities, purposely leaving the peasants to starve. This ruthless policy combined with poor harvests resulted in the ____ ____, with 5 to 8 million people dying in of starvation in Ukraine alone.

Stalin’s ‘five-year plans’ were aimed at...

In accordance with the ideas of Marx, ____, or the belief that there is no god, became the official policy of the Soviet Union. The Communists seized most religious property, converted churches into offices and museums, and sentenced priests and religious leaders to die in prison camps. Portraits of Stalin replaced religious icons in homes.

Stalin tried to boost morale and faith in the communist system by making himself a godlike figure. He tried to do this by distributing propaganda, censoring opposing ideas, imposing Russian culture on minorities, and replacing religion with communist ideology. He used propaganda as a tool to build up a "___ __ ____" around himself.

The ____was the system of the Soviet forced-labor camps. They housed political prisoners as well as actual criminals and became a symbol of political repression in the Soviet Union.

In the furtherance of Stalin's efforts to create a modern industrialized economy for the Soviet Union, a policy of forced _______ was implemented where peasants were stripped of their private property and forced to the state on farms. Anyone who refused was beaten, shot, or sent to a labor camp.

Nikolai Yazov, the head of Stalin's secret police, at only five feet tall was nicknamed the ____ ____ due to his enthusiasm for torturing victims

Under Stalin, hundreds of thousands of the Soviet people were convicted of crimes like espionage, wrecking, sabotage, agitation, and conspiracy, often without a trial. These people were sentenced to ___, a system of brutal labor and concentration camps.

The Soviet Union existed from 1947 till it was dissolved in ___, ending the Cold War rivalry between the USA and the capitalist Western Bloc and the USSR and communist Eastern Bloc.

The ____was signed exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, bringing an end to World War I.

Germans of all classes blamed the Weimar Republic for the hated Treaty of _____, with its 'war guilt clause' and heavy 'reparations'. Many scapegoated Marxists or Jews for Germany's economic and political problems

The Munich (Beer Hall) Putsch was significant because it...

Germany fell behind in their reparations payments in 1923. In response, France occupied the coal rich Ruhr Valley. taking over its iron, coal and steel industries. In turn, the German government printed huge quantities of paper money resulting in the German 'mark' becoming almost worthless. Such extreme rapid and sharp increase in prices is known as _____.

While in prison for a failed coup attempt, Hitler wrote ___ ___ (My Struggle), which became the book of Nazi goals and ideology. This book says that Germans belong to a superior 'master race' of Aryans, light skinned Europeans, whose main enemies were the Jews.

The ___ were the official secret police of Hitler and Nazi Germany, formed by Heinrich Himmler in 1934

The ____ prepared girls to be productive wives, emphasizing the importance of nurturing Aryan children and teaching German traditions and Nazi ideology

The ____ was introduced by Hitler in 1938. It was awarded to German mothers who had four or more healthy 'Aryan' children. Bronze was awarded for 4 to 5 children, silver for 6 to 7, and gold for 8 or more.

The Nazi invasion of Poland revealed the power of Hitler's _____, or lightning war. The Germans used tank and air power technology was used strike devastating blows against their emeries.

In 1939, Germany attacked Poland from the west while the _____ attacked Poland from the east. Within a month, Poland ceased to exist as an independent nation.

During the winter of 1940, the French hunkered down behind the ____ ____, a border they had created in the 1930s to protect them from German invasion. Britain sent troops to wait with them. The Germans did not appear.

In May 1940, German forces surprised the French and British by attacking through the Ardennes Forest in _____, an area that was considered invasion-proof. Bypassing the Maginot Line, German troops poured into France. Retreating British troops were trapped between the Nazi army and the English Channel

The British sent all available naval vessels, merchant ships, and fishing and pleasure boats across the channel to rescue their stranded troops off the beach of ____. Despite German air attacks, they ferried more than 300,000 troops to safety in Britain.

Germany attacked France from the north, and Italy attacked from the South. France surrendered on June 22, ___. Hitler forced the French to sign surrender documents in the same railroad car that Germany signed the armistice to end World War I.

Beginning in 1940, relays of German aircraft showered England's capital, London, with firebombs and high explosives. The bombing continued for 57 days in a row and then sporadically until May 1941. These bombing attacks are known as "___ ___"

In 1941, Hitler broke the Nazi-Soviet Pact. He launched an invasion of the Soviet Union, known as Operation _____. He wanted to gain 'living space' for Aryans and to control regions rich in natural resources. About 3 million German soldiers invaded. The Soviets lost about 2.5 million soldiers attempting to fight off the Germans. The Nazis were poised to take the cities of Moscow and Leningrad (St. Petersburg)

The Nazi's began a siege of the Soviet city of _____ in 1941. This lasted for two and a half years. Desperate people trapped within this city ate almost anything. For example, they boiled wallpaper scraped off the walls because its paste was said to contain potato flour. Although more than a million of this city's people died, the city did not fall.

In 1941, Japanese airplanes torpedoed and bombed the American fleet at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. The attack took the lives of about ____ people and destroyed battleships and aircraft. The next day, the United States declared war on Japan. Then, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States.

About how many soldiers were rescued from the shores of Dunkirk?

Which of the numbers below represents the country that was
 under Axis control throughout most of World War II? 

Which country did Italian forces invade in October 1940?

Which was a cornerstone of Hitler’s anti-Semitic policies?

Which of the following is a reason why Western countries refused to accept more Jewish refugees in the late 1930s?

The _____ ___ of 1935 put Nazi racist ideology into practice. They removed citizenship from German Jews and banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews. Before long, the Nazi's forced the Jews from their jobs and homes; and escalated violence against the Jews.

Certain sections of cities were set aside to imprison Jews, these sections were called...

What was the program where Adolf had all the handicapped killed during the holocaust?

Anti-Sematic propaganda triggered an attack on Jews in 1938. Nazi-led mobs smashed windows, looted, and destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues. This wave of violence in Germany and Austria is known as the Kristallnacht or ___

____ ____ was the person who was in charge of Germany's concentration camps beginning in 1934

Hitler and the Nazis devised what they called the "Final solution to the Jewish question." Their goal was the extermination of all European Jews. This campaign eventually became known as the _____.

Hitler had six "___" built in Poland, where Nazis shipped Jews and others marked for extermination from all over occupied Europe. Upon arrival, prisoners were stripped and had their heads shaved. The men, women, and children were separated. The young children, the elderly, and the sick were murdered immediately, gassed in the shower rooms.

__ ___ was a physician at the Austrian concentration camp. He is notorious for conducting brutal experiments to see how different ethnic groups responded to contagious diseases like malaria or yellow fever.

By June 1945, the Nazis had massacred more than ____ million Jews. Almost as many "undesirable" people were killed as well.

___ was the largest death camp that was built by the Nazis and is located in southern Poland.

Which of the following countries had the highest population of Jews in 1933?

____ ____ was one of over a million Jewish children who were murdered by the Nazis. She and her family lived in hiding in Amsterdam (Netherlands) for over two years before being discovered and sent to a concentration camp. Her diary remains a key document of the Holocaust.

Many of the Jews in Germany and Austria wanted to migrate to escape the increasingly dangerous persecution of the Nazis. Most countries, including the United States, were not willing to accept them as refugees. In the midst of the ___ ___, most Americans worried that refugees would take away jobs.

The Nazis had massacred some six million Jews during the Holocaust. This was ___ ___ of all the Jews in Europe. Nearly five million other people were killed as well.

The Nazis shaved the hair from the heads of their Holocaust victims. This hair was then sent to ___ , a felt company located in Bavaria, Germany, to be used for the production of various products.

The name for the Nazi regime in Germany from January 1933 to May 1945 was called the...

Approximately how many people were killed by the Nazi's and their collaborators during the Holocaust (this is the total, not just Jews)?

In 1941 the ____ (Tuvia, Asael, and Zus) fled to the woods in Belarus after the Nazis murdered their parents and two of their siblings. They rescued Jews from ghettos and moved them to the forest. Their camp grew to include some 1,200 people by 1944. These partisans were dramatized in the film Defiance [2008].

• ____ was the largest Jewish uprising during World War II. It began with about 700 young Jewish fighters. It resulted in about 7,000 Jews being killed as the fighting expanded. Another 7,000 Jews were captured and deported to a killing center in Treblinka.