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WorksheetsSecond Semester Exam Review 24 25
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
Gravity helps form stars, planets, and solar systems by the gradual gathering together of smaller pieces in a process called
inertia
spinning
accretion
collapsing
Space exploration has advanced our knowledge of the universe. Which space journey would take the longest?
a journey from Earth to the sun
a journey from Earth to the moon
a journey from Earth to a star in the constellation Centaurus
a journey from Earth to the farthest planet in our solar system, Neptune.
Two new planets are discovered, planet X and planet Y. The planets have identical volumes, but the mass of planet X is two times greater than the mass of planet Y. If two identical spaceships land on each planet, which of the following will be true?
The mass of the spaceship on planet Y will be greater than the mass of the spaceship on planet X.
The weight of the spaceship on planet Y will be greater than the weight of the spaceship on planet X.
The mass of the spaceship on planet X will be greater than the mass of the spaceship on Planet Y.
The weight of the spaceship on planet X will be greater than the weight of the spaceship on planet Y.
What characteristic of stars is measured by luminosity?
brightness
size
temperature
distance from Earth
What is the name of the object that can be seen in the circled area of the sun?
sunspot
solar flare
gamma rays
prominence
The graph below summarizes the relationship between absolute magnitude and color in stars. Based on evidence in the graph above, what claim can be made about the relationship between temperature and absolute magnitude?
Absolute magnitude is not related to the temperature of a star.
A hotter star has a greater absolute magnitude than a cooler star.
There is an inverse relationship between temperature and absolute magnitude.
Hotter stars will have a more positive value for absolute magnitude, which means luminosity.
Which term best describes the movement of matter due to temperature differences in the sun?
conduction
convection
nuclear fusion
radiation
The sun is massive. It contains 99.8% of the mass in the solar system and is made up of several different elements. Which of these elements makes up about 25% of the mass of the sun?
helium
hydrogen
neon
silicon
The distance between objects, along with the masses of the objects, affect the gravitational force between the objects. Which claim can be supported by Newton’s law of universal gravitation?
When the masses of objects increase, gravitational force decreases.
When distance between objects increases, gravitational force decreases.
When distance between objects decreases, gravitational force decreases.
When the mass of objects decrease, the distance between objects decreases.
During a sunspot cycle, the number of sunspots rises and falls, and their locations change. What is the length of the sunspot cycle?
about 1 month
about 11 months
about 1 year
about 11 years
Living things can be grouped depending on how they get food. Some organisms get food from eating other organisms. Other organisms can make their own food. In which group do organisms that can make their own food belong?
consumers
decomposers
predators
producers
Plants perform photosynthesis and respiration. Dead plants are broken down and become part of the soil. Which of the following matter do plants help to cycle through ecosystems?
carbon only
carbon and oxygen only
carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen only
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and water
During cellular respiration, an organism’s cells break down glucose to provide energy for life activities. Which of these substances is also produced during cellular respiration?
carbon dioxide
fat
oxygen
protein
What is the role of ATP in the cell?
supplies energy for cellular activities
causes cellular respiration
digests cellular invaders
absorbs sunlight
What is energy?
anything that takes up space
anything that has mass
the ability to conduct current
the ability to do work
Which of the following statements about energy pyramids is true?
The largest proportion of organisms are found in the top level.
The smallest proportion of organisms are found in the top level.
Carnivores are most likely to be found in the bottom level.
Producers are most likely to be found in the top level.
Which of these claims about ecosystems can be supported by evidence?
Animals do not travel from one ecosystem to another ecosystem.
The total amount of energy in an ecosystem does not change.
Air cannot be used by organisms once the air moves out of an ecosystem.
Matter lost by one ecosystem is gained by the surrounding environment.
One of the largest cypress trees in Florida has a tree trunk with a diameter of about 3.5 m. What is the source of MOST of the carbon in the cypress tree’s trunk?
The carbon created by the tree during photosynthesis
The carbon stored in tree seeds
The carbon dioxide molecules the tree absorbed from the atmosphere
The nutrients containing carbon that the tree absorbed from the soil
The diagram shows an energy pyramid. Which type of organism would be in Section 2 of the pyramid?
autotrophs
carnivores
herbivores
producers
Carbon exists in many forms on Earth. The diagram below shows part of the carbon cycle. Based on evidence in the diagram, what is happening in Step 1?
Animals are releasing energy into the environment and storing carbon.
Animals are decomposing and releasing carbon into the soil.
Animals are converting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to oxygen.
Animals are breaking down organic molecules and releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
An astronomer observes a sunspot. Which of the following describes this feature of the Sun?
a location where heat rises to the Sun's surface
a location that produces most of the Sun's heat energy
a location that is cooler than other parts of the Sun's surface
a location where energy and matter leave the Sun's atmosphere
The table below shows the range of frequencies, in Hertz (Hz), for part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Which of the following types of radiation has the longest wavelength?
Infrared
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma rays
Which of the following groups contains the most reactive elements?
the alkali metals
the alkaline earth metals
the carbon family
the noble gases
Each group in the periodic table has its own characteristic properties based on the number of
neutrons.
valence electrons.
protons.
ions.
Chemistry is
a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance.
the study of matter and how matter changes.
anything that has mass and takes up space.
a rapid reaction between oxygen and a substance called a fuel.
Every chemical reaction involves a change in
mass.
energy.
concentration.
state.
An equinox occurs when
neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun.
the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.
the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun.
Earth's axis is parallel to the sun's rays.
What captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis?
solar cells
stomata
chlorophyll
carbohydrates
What happens during respiration?
Oxygen is released into the air.
Glucose is broken down, releasing energy.
Carbohydrates are released into the bloodstream.
Water and carbon dioxide are converted into energy.
What is a giant ball of hot gases that undergo nuclear fusion?
a planet
a star
a star cluster
a solar system
The Milky Way galaxy is an example of a(n)
spiral galaxy.
globular cluster.
elliptical galaxy.
irregular galaxy.
The strength of the force of gravity depends on
the masses of the objects and their speeds.
the masses of the objects and the distance between them.
the weight of the objects and their speeds.
the masses of the objects and their weights.
A star is born when
a nebula expands.
helium and oxygen combine.
nuclear fusion starts.
a protostar begins to cool.
The variable that determines whether a protostar becomes a low or high mass star is its:
Surface temperature
Age
Mass
Color and brightness
The force that pulls together the matter in stars is
gravity.
nuclear fusion.
dark energy.
dark matter.
The temperature of the moon's surface varies greatly from day to night because the moon has
maria
no atmosphere
many craters
highlands
Which of the following statements about mass and weight is true?
Mass measures the force of gravity on an object and weight measures the amount of matter an object contains
Weight measures the force of gravity on an object and mass measures the matter an object
Weight and mass both measure the amount of matter an object contains
Weight and mass both measure the force of gravity on an object
In a heliocentric system, Earth revolves around:
Mars
The stars
The moon
The sun
Identify the reactants in the following formula for photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide and oxygen
Organic matter and oxygen
Carbon dioxide and water
Oxygen and water
Which cell structure controls what substances enter and leave the cell?
cell membrane
cytoplasm
cell wall
nucleus
A student notices that a drinking straw placed in a glass of water appears to be bent. What is this effect called?
radiation
reflection
refraction
absorption
Jordan adds some soil and plants to a large glass jar to build a terrarium. He waters the plants and then adds two snails, two crickets, and an earthworm to the jar. Jordan then places the lid tightly on the jar and sets it on a sunny windowsill. Based on the law of conservation of mass, which of the following is expected to occur inside Jordan’s terrarium?
The mass will increase as the plants grow and decrease when the snails eat the plants.
The mass will increase as the earthworm digest the soil.
The mass will decrease when the crickets die.
The mass will neither increase not decrease.
Which of the following pictures shows how the Moon appears from Earth when it is at
position 7?
A
B
C
D
A space prop that lands on a planet that has half the pull of gravity of Earth. What effect does this have on the space probe's weight and mass?
its weight is reduced to half its weight on Earth, and its mass remains the same as on Earth.
Its weight remains the same as on Earth, and its mass is reduced to half its mass on Earth.
Both its weight and mass are half of what they are on Earth.
Both its mass and weight remain the same.
Nancy observes the Moon from the same location outside each night for one week. She notices that when it first appears each night, the Moon is a little farther east than it was the night before. Which of the following is one explanation for her observation?
The Moon's speed of rotation changes as it revolves around Earth.
The Moon revolves around Earth as Earth revolves around the Sun.
The Moon and Earth take the same amount of time to complete one rotation.
The Moon completes one rotation each time Earth completes one revolution.
The Andromeda Galaxy was previously called the Great Andromeda Nebula because astronomers thought this patch of light was composed of glowing gases. In the 1900s, scientists determined the nebula was actually a spiral galaxy. Which of the following describes the relationship between this galaxy and other astronomical bodies?
The galaxy is the largest star an is found in the universe.
This galaxy is surrounded by thousands of stars in the universe.
This galaxy includes a universe that is composed of millions of stars.
This galaxy is one of billions of galaxies in the universe and contains billions of stars.
Which of the following properties do astronomers look at in order to classify stars?
Brightness
Size
Color
All of these
One physical property of a star is apparent magnitude. Which of the following is used in determining the apparent magnitude of a star?
the constellation the star is in
the distance the star is from Earth
the number of times the star rotates
the number of prominences the star makes
How long does it take for light from a star four light years away to reach us?
One Year
Two Years
Three Years
Four Years
What is the name of the phase when we can only see a small curved part of the moon?
Waxing Crescent
First Quarter
New Moon
Waning Gibbous
