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WorksheetsSOL Remediation 2025
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 34mins
The molecule to the right represents the structure of a monomer for a macromolecule. The part in the box represents glycerol. What is the rest of the monomer made of?
Monosaccharide
Fatty acid tails
amino acid
nucleotides
Which of the following could represent a possible gamete from an organism whose somatic cells have the genotype AArrEe as a result of meiosis?
ArE
AArrEe
AArEe
Arre
Two samples of macromolecules are tested. Sample A contains nitrogen and is made of amino acids. Sample B contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and provides quick energy. What are the likely macromolecules each sample represents?
Sample A: Carbohydrate; Sample B: Protein
Sample A: Nucleic acid; Sample B: Lipid
Sample A: Protein; Sample B: Carbohydrate
Sample A: Lipid; Sample B: Nucleic acid
Which of the following best explains why lipids are ideal for forming the cell membrane?
Their hydrophobic tails prevent free movement of water-soluble substances.
Their monomers dissolve easily in water and pass through the membrane.
They contain nitrogen and can bond with proteins in the cytoplasm.
They fold into specific shapes that allow enzymes to catalyze reactions.
A biologist isolates an unknown macromolecule that folds into a specific 3D shape and becomes nonfunctional when exposed to high heat. Based on this, which macromolecule is it most likely to be, and why?
Lipid, because lipids form membranes and are heat-sensitive
Protein, because its function depends on shape and denatures at high temperatures
Carbohydrate, because sugars are used for short-term energy
Nucleic acid, because it stores genetic information and is easily broken by heat
The images shows interactions between water molecules. Which image best represents the interaction between two water molecules?
A
B
C
D
The diagram compares the vacuole in an animal and a plant cell. Which of the following statements correctly compares the vacuole in both types of cells?
Animal cells have a large central vacuole for water storage, while plant cells do not.
Plant cells have a large central vacuole that helps maintain turgor pressure, while animal cells have smaller vacuoles.
Both plant and animal cells use the vacuole mainly for protein synthesis.
Animal cells use vacuoles to maintain turgor pressure for structural support.
Which scenario best explains how molecules move from a lower to a higher concentration across a membrane using energy and a transport protein?
Molecules pass directly through the phospholipid bilayer along their concentration gradient without energy input by diffusion.
Molecules use a channel protein to move passively from high to low concentration without requiring ATP by facilitated diffusion.
Molecules are pumped through a membrane protein using ATP to move against their concentration gradient by active transport.
Water molecules move through aquaporins from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration by osmosis.
A student wanted to know how the concentration of sugar in a solution
surrounding a cell affects the movement of water. An experiment was set up using potato cylinders to represent cells.
Based on the information provided for the experiment, correctly match each of the following to its role in the experiment.
Independent Variable
sugar concentration
Dependent Variable
movement of water
Constant
size of potato pieces
A student wanted to know how the concentration of sugar in a solution surrounding a cell affects the
movement of water. An experiment was set up using potato cylinders to represent cells.
Based on this experiment, in which solution would a cell likely increase the most in mass?
In a 1 mol/dm³ sugar solution, water will move into the cell because the solution is highly concentrated compared to the cell.
In a 0.8 mol/dm³ sugar solution, less water will move into the cell because the solution is less concentrated compared to the cell.
In a 0.2 mol/dm³ sugar solution, water will move into the cell because the solution is more diluted compared to the other concentrations.
In pure water, water concentration is higher than inside the cell, causing water to move into the cell.
In eukaryotic cells, the process indicated by arrow A is called ______ and occurs in the ______.
transcription, cytoplasm
transcription, nucleus
translation, ribosome
translation, nucleus
In eukaryotic cells, the process indicated by arrow B is called (a)
In eukaryotic cells, the process indicated by arrow B is called translation and occurs in the (a) .
Given the DNA sequence, determine the complementary DNA sequence
(a)
Which amino acids would be used to form a protein based on the DNA strand GATTACA?
Leu- Met
His- Val
Asp- Asn
Phe- Pro
Which amino acids would be produced during translation from the mRNA sequence UGCUAU, which is complementary to a segment of DNA?
Phe- Ser
Cys- Tyr
Ser- Stop
Thr- Cys
Directions: Identify the type of RNA picture using the numbers at the top of each image. Then identify the missing functions under each picture.
Match the substances that are reactants (inputs) and products (outputs) of photosynthesis. Glucose is already labeled
D
A
B
C
Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms. The above images show several different organisms. Which organisms are classified as protists. Select all answers that apply.
Spirullum
Yeast Cell
Euglena
Paramecium
Dinoflagellate
The above cladogram shows the evolution of dinosaurs to modern day flying birds. Which structure in modern birds is analogous to the theropod arm, indicating an evolutionary relationship?
Tail feathers
Propatagium (fold of skin)
Leg bones
Beak
What can be inferred about the evolution of feathers based on the cladogram provided?
Feathers appeared suddenly in modern birds and were not in their ancestors.
Feathers are not related to dinosaur scales.
Feathers first evolved to keep birds warm, not help them fly.
Feathers evolved gradually from structures found in some dinosaurs.
Which type of evidence is the most reliable for creating a cladogram that shows how dinosaurs evolved into modern birds?
DNA and anatomical structures
Behavior patterns
Geographic location
Interactions within the ecosystems
Why are limb buds significant when comparing
amphibian, reptile, and bird embryos in this diagram?
Limb buds indicate these organisms share a closer evolutionary relationship due to similar limb development
Limb buds are unique to birds and reptiles only
Limb buds are unrelated to evolutionary connections and develop randomly
Limb buds show that amphibians are unrelated to reptiles and birds
In a simple experiment, two groups of healthy goats were kept in different conditions to test the germ theory of disease. Group A lived in a clean pen with clean food and water, while Group B was kept in an unclean pen exposed to germs. After two weeks, only the goats in Group B showed signs of illness. This demonstrated that germs cause disease, supporting the germ theory. The experiment also showed that keeping animals in clean environments helps prevent sickness. What important conclusions can be drawn from the goat experiment supporting the germ theory? Select 4 answers.
Germs cause disease in living organisms like goats.
Illness only appears in goats exposed to germs.
Clean pens and clean food reduce the risk of disease.
Disease can spread without any germs present.
The experiment proves germs are responsible for sickness.
At a local high school, several students develop sore throats and fevers. The school nurse sends throat swabs to a lab. Results show the presence of Streptococcus bacteria. The infected students are prescribed antibiotics and recover within days. A group of biology students reviews the case and compares the recovery time between students who took antibiotics early and those who delayed treatment.
Which conclusion best supports the germ theory based on the illnesses at the high school?
All students got better eventually, with or without antibiotics.
Students who rested more recovered faster.
Recovery began after antibiotics targeted the specific bacteria found in tests.
Students with allergies got a different type of medication.
A flu outbreak occurs in a local community. Lab tests show it is caused by the influenza virus. Because antibiotics do not work on viruses, doctors recommend rest, fluids, and antiviral medicine. To prevent more people from getting sick, the health department encourages flu vaccinations. Data shows that people who were vaccinated had fewer cases of the flu.
Students noticed that flu cases were lower among vaccinated people. What does this suggest about how vaccines support the germ theory?
Vaccines prevent all infections.
Vaccines help the body recognize and fight specific viruses.
Vaccines increase energy levels to fight illness.
Vaccines replace the need for antiviral drugs.
A medicine that targets DNA replication enzymes within cells would most directly impact bacterial reproduction because-
Bacteria require viral enzymes to copy their DNA, while viruses do not.
Viruses do not replicate DNA on their own, while bacteria do.
Viral DNA is protected by a capsid, preventing medicines from affecting it.
Bacteria do not use DNA in binary fission, unlike viruses.
Unlike bacteria, which can reproduce independently through binary fission, viruses require:
Specific environmental temperatures to divide
A supply of glucose and oxygen to produce ATP
A host cell to copy their genetic material and assemble new particles
Enzymes to digest cell membrane for cell entry
A farmer notices that certain crops grow better when planted after legumes like soybeans. A scientist explains that it's because the legumes improve the nitrogen levels in the soil.
What role are bacteria playing in this scenario?
Pathogens causing disease in crops
Producers creating energy for the plants
Nitrogen-fixing organisms enriching the soil
Decomposers breaking down animal waste
In a marine environment, a sudden drop in algae population occurs after a virus outbreak. What role did the virus most likely play in this scenario?
Decomposer breaking down organic material
Parasite reducing host population
Producer contributing to the food web
Symbiotic partner of algae
Based on the diagram of the cell, which kingdom would it most likely belong to?
Fungi- Cells have a nucleus and are heterotrophs.
Protists- Protists have a nucleus but some have a chloroplast.
Animalia- Cells have a nucleus and chloroplast.
Plantae- Cells have a nucleus and chloroplast for photosynthesis.
Based on the fossil record shown, what is the possible age range for Fossil X?
Between 50Ma and 100Ma
Between 250Ma and 300 Ma
Between 50Ma and 100 Ma
Between 200Ma and 250Ma
Glyptodont are a group of extinct, armored animals with spiky, club-shaped tails that went extinct approximately 12,000 years ago. Fossil evidence and DNA comparison shows that the glyptodont are a group of extinct armadillos. The hard, bony shells of both armadillos and Glyptodons serve primarily as a:
means of regulating body temperature.
method of camouflage in their environments.
form of protection against predators.
way to attract mates during breeding season.
The diagram illustrates how carbon moves through the ecosystem. What change needs to be made in the diagram to correctly show all pathways for the movement of carbon.
Arrow A because carbon dioxide does not move from combustion into the atmosphere.
Arrow B because fossil fuels do not increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Arrow C because carbon dioxide is not released into the atmosphere when animals breathe out during cellular respiration.
Arrow D because carbon dioxide does not move from the plants into the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
What is the relationship between the number of chromosomes in a parent cell and the number of chromosomes in its gametes as a result of meiosis?
The gametes have half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
The gametes have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
The gametes have twice the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
The gametes have four times the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Scientists create a DNA strand from a mRNA and make multiple copies of the DNA. How can scientists separate and analyze the DNA fragments by size?
PCR
Restriction enzymes
Gel electrophoresis
DNA polymerase
Which tool allows scientists to cut DNA, including DNA copied from mRNA, at specific sequences to study or modify genes?
PCR
Restriction enzymes
RNA polymerase
Gel electrophoresis
A frog lays 5,000 eggs, and only 50 survive to adulthood. A wolf gives birth to 4 pups, and typically 3 survive. What reproductive strategy best explains this difference?
Frogs invest energy in parenting, while wolves produce offspring in unstable environments.
Wolves rely on high numbers to ensure survival, while frogs invest in individual care.
Frogs rely on quantity to overcome high mortality, while wolves rely on parental care to increase survival.
Wolves reproduce more often to outcompete frogs.
A snake lays 50 eggs, with 5 surviving (10% survival). A kangaroo has 1 joey per year, with 90% survival. What explains the difference in success rate?
Kangaroos invest more energy caring for the offspring, increasing survival.
Snakes spend more energy caring for offspring, increasing survival.
Kangaroos rely on quantity to overcome high death rates because of predators.
Both species depend on environmental protection alone.
Two guinea pigs are crossed. They produce 3 black (dominant) offspring and 1 white (recessive) offspring. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents? (use paper to solve as needed)
BB × BB
Bb × Bb
BB × Bb
Bb × bb
A tall pea plant (dominant trait) is crossed with a short one, and half of the offspring are tall. What are the likely genotypes of the parents? (SOLVE ON PAPER)
TT × tt
TT × Tt
Tt × Tt
Tt × tt
Two heterozygous individuals (Rr) are crossed. If one offspring is randomly selected, what is the probability that it is heterozygous, and how would that affect the expression of the trait? (SOLVE ON PAPER)
50%; it will express the dominant trait
25%; it will express the recessive trait
75%; it will express the dominant trait
50%; it will express a blend of both traits
If Mendel crossed a true-breeding purple-flowered pea plant (FF) with a true-breeding white-flowered pea plant (ff), what would be the expected genotype and phenotype ratios in the F1 generation? (SOLVE ON PAPER)
100% Ff, all purple flowers
50% FF and 50% ff, mixed purple and white flowers
25% FF, 50% Ff, 25% ff, mixed flowers
100% ff, all white flowers
If a researcher mistakenly labeled a purple flowered pea plant as homozygous dominant (PP) but it was actually heterozygous (Pp), which experimental result would reveal this error after crossing?
All offspring having purple flowers
Some offspring having white flowers
All offspring having white flowers
Equal numbers of purple and white flowers
A bee visits multiple flowers in a meadow to feed on nectar, transferring pollen as it moves from one flower to the next. If a new bee species with different feeding habits enters the ecosystem, what evolutionary outcome is most likely?
Flowers will quickly go extinct.
Bees will stop pollinating flowers altogether.
Flowers may evolve new traits to attract the new bee species.
No change will occur in flower traits.
A hummingbird visits multiple flowers in a meadow to feed on nectar, transferring pollen as it moves from one flower to the next. A bee is also observed visiting the same flowers for nectar. What mutual benefits drive natural selection when bees and hummingbirds share the same flower?
Bees benefit but hummingbirds are harmed.
Only the flower benefits while pollinators compete for food, decreasing their chances of survival.
The flower benefits from increased pollination, and both pollinators gain food, increasing chances of survival.
Pollinators compete and reduce the flower’s ability to successfully reproduce.
The different color patterns shown in the butterfly
species suggests what evolutionary mechanism?
Difference species develop similar color patterns independently through a process called convergent evolution.
Color patterns are shared between different butterfly populations through breeding, which is called gene flow.
Differences in genes that create unique color patterns can lead to the formation of new species, a process called speciation.
Color patterns become more alike over time as a result of stabilizing selection.
Directions: Match the source of genetic information to the correct scenario.
A population of butterflies lives on an island. A few butterflies from a nearby island migrate and mate with the original population, introducing new color variations.
gene flow
In pea plants purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. Two heterozygous pea plants (Pp) are crossed. The outcome of the cross results in 3 purple pea plants and 1 white pea plant.
sexual reproduction
In a population of bacteria, a change in the DNA sequence causes some bacteria to survive exposure to antibiotics.
mutation
A lava flow covers a large area, destroying all living organisms and soil. After many years, small plants begin to grow on the cooled lava. Which type of ecological succession best describes this process?
Secondary succession because small plants start to grow on cooled lava
Secondary succession because the ecosystem is completely lifeless and does not contain soil
Primary succession because soil remains and plants grow quickly
Primary succession because all life and soil were destroyed by the lava flow
A farmland is abandoned and left to naturally return to a forested state. Initially, weeds and grasses appear, followed by shrubs and eventually mature trees. What kind of succession is this?
Secondary succession because weeds and grasses start to grow first.
Secondary succession because the farmland was abandoned.
Primary succession because the abandoned farmland contained no soil
Primary succession because because the farmland was abandoned.
A farmland is abandoned and left to naturally return to a forested state. At first, weeds and grasses appear, followed by shrubs and eventually mature trees. What type of succession is occurring?
Secondary succession because weeds and grasses are the first to grow after disturbance
Secondary succession because the farmland was abandoned but soil remained intact
Primary succession because the abandoned farmland had no soil for plants to grow
Primary succession because the farmland was simply left unused
Overfishing reduces the population size of key predator fish species in an ecosystem. How can this impact the overall marine food web?
It increases biodiversity by allowing all species to thrive equally
It has no effect because other predators will fill the niche immediately.
It improves fishery sustainability by reducing competition.
It disrupts predator-prey relationships, potentially causing a rapid increases in the prey populations.
Which of the following best explains why eutrophication can lead to the decline of aquatic animal populations?
Increased nutrient levels directly poison aquatic animals
Nutrients increase water temperature, making it uninhabitable
Algae blooms block sunlight and their decomposition depletes oxygen, causing dead zones
Eutrophication increases water clarity, which stresses fish
How does deforestation influence gene flow and species diversity in forest-dependent animal populations?
It reduces gene flow by dividing habitats, leading to decreased genetic diversity.
It promotes gene flow by connecting isolated populations.
It increases mutation rates, improving adaptability.
It has no effect since animals can easily migrate to new habitats.
What is the most likely cause of the evolutionary change from multiple toes to a single hoof in horses?
Mutation and natural selection favored individuals with a single strong hoof for faster running on open grasslands
Gene flow introduced new traits from other species with single hooves
The horse’s habitat became forested, favoring multiple toes for climbing
Overfishing disrupted the horse’s food supply, causing foot changes
