WorksheetsOLVAL02 REVIEWER FOR MIDTERM
Total questions: 42
Worksheet time: 21mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
FULL NAME (Last Name, First Name Middle Initial)
4 lines
2.
EMAIL
4 lines
3.
What is the essence of reason?
a)
Making sense of information
b)
Establishing and verifying facts
c)
Applying logic
d)
All of the above
4.
According to Immanuel Kant, how does reason differ from morality?
a)
Morality is based on desires, while reason is based on logic.
b)
Morality compels us to do what is right, while reason follows our desires.
c)
Morality involves conscious decision-making, while reason does not.
d)
Morality and reason are synonymous.
5.
What does ethical reasoning help determine?
a)
Right and wrong actions
b)
Emotional responses
c)
Personal beliefs
d)
Social status
6.
What type of reasoning starts with a premise and logically leads to a conclusion? (general-specific)
a)
Deductive reasoning
b)
Inductive reasoning
c)
Abductive reasoning
d)
Reductive reasoning
7.
Which type of reasoning involves drawing broader generalizations from specific information? (specific-general)
a)
Deductive reasoning
b)
Inductive reasoning
c)
Abductive reasoning
d)
Reductive reasoning
8.
What is an ethical framework?
a)
A) A set of laws
b)
B) A guideline for moral behavior
c)
C) A religious scripture
d)
D) A philosophical theory
9.
Which ethical framework focuses on the consequences of actions?
a)
A) Virtue ethics
b)
B) Natural law ethics
c)
C) Deontological ethics
d)
D) Utilitarianism
10.
Who proposed the Virtue or Character Ethics?
a)
A) St. Thomas
b)
B) Immanuel Kant
c)
C) Aristotle
d)
D) Confucius
11.
According to Aristotle, what is the highest attainment of virtues?
a)
A) Wealth
b)
B) Power
c)
C) Happiness
d)
D) Knowledge
e)
12.
Which ethical framework emphasizes "loving God and one's fellowmen"?
a)
A) Virtue or Character Ethics
b)
B) Natural Law or Commandment Ethics
c)
C) Deontological and Duty Framework
d)
D) Utilitarianism, Teleological, and Consequentialist Framework
13.
What is natural law according to the text?
a)
A) Laws established by humans
b)
B) Laws that depend on changing circumstances
c)
C) Laws revealed by reason and divine wisdom
d)
D) Laws enacted by Almighty God
14.
According to Rev. Charles Coppens, S.J., what is a key difference between natural law and positive laws?
a)
A) Natural law depends on human enactment, while positive laws depend on divine.
b)
B) Natural law is subject to change, while positive laws remain constant.
c)
C) Natural law flows from the intrinsic difference between right and wrong, while positive laws, does not depend upon the will of God.
d)
D) Natural law is promulgated by humans, while positive laws emanate from God alone.
15.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of natural law?
a)
A) Dependence on human reason
b)
B) Universality across time and space
c)
C) Emanation from God alone
d)
D) Promulgation through the light of reason
16.
According to Kant's deontological ethics, what determines the ethicality of an action?
a)
A) The consequences of the action
b)
B) The intention behind the action
c)
C) The social context of the action
d)
D) The individual's emotional state during the action
17.
What is the primary criterion for Kant's categorical imperative?
a)
A) Universalizability of the action's maxim
b)
B) Maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain
c)
C) Conformity to societal norms
d)
D) Achieving a desired outcome
18.
Who is considered the founder of utilitarianism?
a)
A) John Stuart Mill
b)
B) Immanuel Kant
c)
C) Richard T. Garner
d)
D) Jeremy Bentham
19.
What principle forms the foundation of utilitarianism?
a)
A) Principle of love
b)
B) Principle of justice
c)
C) Principle of utility
d)
D) Principle of duty
20.
According to John Stuart Mill, what constitutes happiness in utilitarianism?
a)
A) Material wealth
b)
B) Intellectual pleasure and absence of pain
c)
C) Physical pleasure
d)
D) Social status
21.
What distinguishes act utilitarianism from rule utilitarianism?
a)
A) Act utilitarianism focuses on consequences for individual acts, while rule utilitarianism based on adherence to rules.
b)
B) Act utilitarianism prioritizes duty, while rule utilitarianism prioritizes happiness.
c)
C) Act utilitarianism emphasizes intellectual pleasure, while rule utilitarianism focuses on outcomes.
d)
D) Act utilitarianism advocates for individual freedom, while rule utilitarianism advocates specific action.
22.
How does the consequentialist framework differ from deontology?
a)
A) Consequentialism focuses on consequences, while deontology focuses on duty.
b)
B) Deontology prioritizes happiness, while consequentialism prioritizes duty.
c)
C) Consequentialism emphasizes social justice, while deontology emphasizes individual happiness.
d)
D) Deontology advocates for collective welfare, while consequentialism advocates for common good.
23.
What is the primary aim of ethical reasoning?
a)
To justify practices and beliefs
b)
To establish facts
c)
To gain moral responsibility
d)
To act in morally responsible ways
24.
According to Weiss, what are the criteria for ethical reasoning?
a)
Logical reasoning, accurate evidence, and consistent ethical standards
b)
Emotional responses, personal beliefs, and social status
c)
Conclusive arguments, vague evidence, and inconsistent standards
d)
Irrelevant factors, incomplete evidence, and illogical assumptions
25.
When are individuals considered morally responsible for their actions?
a)
When they are ignorant of the consequences
b)
When they are unable to prevent harm
c)
When they knowingly and freely act, knowing it is morally wrong
d)
When they are coerced into acting against their will
26.
According to William Luijpen, what is justice considered in relation to love?
a)
A) The maximum demand of love
b)
B) The minimum demand of love
c)
C) The absence of love
d)
D) The alternative to love
27.
What concept does distributive justice primarily concern?
a)
A) Equality of opportunity
b)
B) Equal distribution of wealth
c)
C) Justice in legal proceedings
d)
D) Fair allocation of goods and privileges
28.
What is the aim of taxation in terms of distributive justice?
a)
A) To promote equality of wealth
b)
B) To minimize government intervention
c)
C) To ensure just compensation for public services
d)
D) To discourage personal wealth accumulation
29.
What is the basis for determining the rightness or wrongness of an action in Kant's deontological ethics?
a)
A) The action's consequences
b)
B) The action's conformity to societal norms
c)
C) The intention behind the action
d)
D) The individual's emotional response to the action
30.
Which ethical framework focuses on duties and obligations rather than consequences?
a)
A) Utilitarianism
b)
B) Virtue ethics
c)
C) Deontological ethics
d)
D) Natural law ethics
31.
What is the basis for determining the rightness or wrongness of an action in Kant's deontological ethics?
a)
A) The action's consequences
b)
B) The action's conformity to societal norms
c)
C) The intention behind the action
d)
D) The individual's emotional response to the action
32.
Which ethical framework focuses on duties and obligations rather than consequences?
a)
A) Utilitarianism
b)
B) Virtue ethics
c)
C) Deontological ethics
d)
D) Natural law ethics
33.
Ethical reasoning does not involve logical thinking.
a)
True
b)
False
34.
Morally responsible actions may cause harm to others.
a)
True
b)
False
35.
Ignorance and inability eliminate moral responsibility for causing harm.
a)
True
b)
False
36.
Utilitarianism focuses on the inherent goodness of actions.
a)
True
b)
False
37.
Love and Justice Framework emphasizes giving only what is strictly due to others.
a)
True
b)
False
38.
Virtue ethics evaluates actions solely based on their consequences.
a)
True
b)
False
39.
Distributive justice primarily concerns the equal distribution of wealth among all members of society.
a)
True
b)
False
40.
Justice is considered the maximum demand of love, according to William Luijpen.
a)
True
b)
False
41.
Taxation is considered a means of promoting distributive justice by ensuring just compensation for public services.
a)
True
b)
False
42.
Social justice refers to the unequal distribution of wealth and privileges within society.
a)
True
b)
False
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