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WorksheetsEMT Ch. 7 (Pathophysiology)
Total questions: 36
Worksheet time: 18mins
What is pathophysiology?
The study of how disease processes affect the function of the body
The study of the structure of the human body
The study of the chemical processes within living organisms
The study of the genetic makeup of organisms
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
To convert glucose into ATP
To selectively allow substances in and out
To produce ribosomes
To store genetic information
Why is oxygen important for cell metabolism?
It helps in the production of glucose
It is required for aerobic metabolism
It stores energy for the cell
It acts as a building block for proteins
What is homeostasis?
The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions
The process of increasing heart rate and blood pressure
The function of the sympathetic nervous system
The regulation of neurotransmitters
What is tidal volume?
What is the normal tidal volume of air moving into or out of the lungs with each breath?
1 liter
0.5 liter
2 liters
0.25 liter
What is the formula for calculating the minute volume of air moving in and out of the lungs per minute?
Tidal volume + respiratory rate
Tidal volume x respiratory rate
Tidal volume - respiratory rate
Tidal volume / respiratory rate
What is the normal range for minute volume in liters per minute?
3-5 liters
6-8 liters
9-11 liters
12-14 liters
What can cause upper airway obstructions?
Excessive exercise
Foreign objects, infection, trauma
High altitude
Dehydration
What part of the brain controls respirations and can be affected by infection, drugs, toxins, or trauma?
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
What is a pneumothorax?
A type of lung infection
A hole in the chest wall
A blockage in the airway
An inflammation of the alveoli
What happens when the alveoli's ability to exchange gases is compromised?
Increased oxygen levels
Decreased carbon dioxide levels
Low oxygen (hypoxia) and high carbon dioxide (hypercapnia)
Increased blood pressure
How does the body compensate for gas exchange deficits?
By decreasing heart rate
By increasing respiratory rate and/or tidal volume
By reducing blood flow to the lungs
By increasing blood sugar levels
What can cause the improper movement of O₂ and CO₂ in the body?
Excessive exercise
Bleeding, dehydration, anemia, or liver failure
High blood pressure
Overeating
What is the role of stretch receptors in blood vessels?
To increase blood sugar levels
To monitor and adjust blood pressure
To regulate body temperature
To control heart rate
Which condition is a major risk factor for stroke and heart disease?
Loss of tone
Excessive permeability
Hypertension
Loss of regulation
What happens when there is a loss of regulation in blood vessels?
Pressure increases
Vessels constrict
Shock may occur
Capillaries leak fluid
What is the average stroke volume of the heart per contraction?
50 mL
70 mL
90 mL
100 mL
Which factor is NOT a determinant of stroke volume?
Preload
Contractility
Afterload
Heart rate
How is cardiac output calculated?
Stroke volume + heart rate
Stroke volume x beats per minute
Heart rate - stroke volume
Beats per minute / stroke volume
What happens to cardiac output when the heart rate is very fast?
It increases significantly
It remains unchanged
It reduces because there is not enough time for the heart to refill
It doubles
What do pediatric patients rely on to compensate for poor perfusion?
Increased preload
Increased heart rate
Increased afterload
Increased contractility
What does the V/Q match refer to in the cardiopulmonary system?
Ventilation and perfusion balance
Volume and quantity balance
Velocity and quality balance
Viscosity and quantity balance
What is hypoperfusion?
Adequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells
Inadequate perfusion, meaning insufficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells
Excessive removal of waste products
Increased blood flow to tissues
Which category of shock is characterized by low blood volume?
Distributive
Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Obstructive
What is the main issue in cardiogenic shock?
Low blood vessel tone
Heart fails to pump
Blood cannot flow
Low blood volume
In which type of shock does blood fail to flow properly?
Hypovolemic
Distributive
Cardiogenic
Obstructive
Which of the following is a sign of compensated shock?
Major mental status changes
Decreased blood pressure
Delayed capillary refill
Organ systems begin to die
Which of the following are signs of decompensated shock?
Altered mental status
Hypotension
Hypertension
Pale, cool, clammy skin
What percentage of the body's water is located inside cells (intracellular)?
60%
70%
25%
5%
What is the result of fluid loss in the body?
Edema
Dehydration
Hypertension
Hyperhydration
What is edema associated with?
Increase in blood pressure
Swelling due to movement of water
Decrease in body temperature
Increase in heart rate
Which of the following can affect the nervous system?
Stroke
Motor vehicle crashes
Infection (i.e. meningitis)
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
What is the primary function of glands in the endocrine system?
To produce red blood cells
To secrete hormones that send messages to control bodily functions
To filter waste from the blood
To provide structural support to the body
What can digestive dysfunction impact in the body?
Blood pressure and heart rate
Hydration levels and nutrient transfer
Bone density and muscle strength
Skin elasticity and hair growth
What does hypersensitivity in the immune system refer to?
Normal immune response
Exaggerated immune response
Lack of immune response
Delayed immune response
