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WorksheetsRespiratory and GI System MCQs
Total questions: 15
Worksheet time: 8mins
In patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis, the most important aim of treatment is to:
Cure the disease completely
Improve appetite and digestion
Prevent the onset of hepatic encephalopathy only
Minimize disease progression and manage complications
Promote liver regeneration through supplements
A patient with cirrhotic ascites is admitted. Which of the following medications is typically started first to manage the fluid buildup?
Lactulose
Spironolactone
Frusemide
Metronidazole
Albumin
Which factor is least likely to contribute to a person's risk of developing drug-induced liver injury?
Genetic predisposition
Alcohol use
Prior allergic drug reaction
Age over 60
High physical activity
Which of the following would most likely be prescribed first to manage discomfort and symptoms in a patient with early haemorrhoids?
Oral corticosteroids
Antihistamines
Stool softeners or laxatives
Antibiotics
Antacids
Which receptor is responsible for bronchodilation when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system?
α1-adrenergic receptor
β2-adrenergic receptor
M3 muscarinic receptor
H1 histamine receptor
D2 dopaminergic receptor
What is a key action of histamine during the early stages of an allergic response?
Triggers vasodilation and increased vascular permeability
Promotes platelet aggregation
Decreases mucus secretion
Stimulates insulin release
Inhibits prostaglandin production
Prolonged use of nasal decongestant sprays may lead to which of the following?
Rebound vasodilation due to α-receptor desensitization
Increased β2-adrenergic stimulation
Reduced sensitivity to corticosteroids
Mucosal repair and dryness
Sedation and fatigue
Which statement best explains why second-generation antihistamines are preferred for daytime allergic rhinitis management?
They suppress mucus secretion more effectively
They do not impair driving or cause drowsiness
They act faster than nasal corticosteroids
They are better at relieving nasal congestion
They have higher bioavailability than first-generation
A 67-year-old male with COPD is admitted for worsening breathlessness. He uses tiotropium and salbutamol at home. Which of the following best describes the pharmacological target of tiotropium?
β2-adrenergic receptors to promote bronchodilation
Muscarinic receptors to inhibit bronchoconstriction
α1-adrenergic receptors to increase airflow
Histamine receptors to reduce inflammation
Dopamine receptors to improve ciliary movement
What is the primary mechanism of action of salbutamol in the management of COPD?
Blocks acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors
Stimulates β1 receptors to improve lung perfusion
Activates β2 receptors leading to smooth muscle relaxation
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis to reduce inflammation
Enhances mucus secretion to clear secretions
Which of the following side effects is most likely to occur with inhaled salbutamol at high doses?
Hyperkalemia and bradycardia
Insomnia and tachycardia
Sedation and constipation
Nausea and photosensitivity
Rhinorrhea and cough suppression
Which adverse effect would most commonly be associated with inhaled tiotropium?
Increased salivation
Productive cough
Dry mouth
Hypoglycemia
Drowsiness
A 29-year-old woman presents with a dry, irritating cough without mucus. Which therapeutic class is most appropriate to relieve this symptom?
Expectorants
Antitussives
Mucolytics
Nasal decongestants
Bronchodilators
Which of the following agents suppresses cough centrally by acting on the medulla?
Bromhexine
Diphenhydramine
Codeine
Benzonatate
Guaifenesin
Which feature distinguishes second-generation antihistamines from first-generation?
They provide faster onset of action
They are more effective in treating nasal congestion
They have less penetration into the CNS, causing minimal sedation
They are administered via inhalation
They are more suitable for acute asthma attacks
