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WorksheetsABG QUIZ
Total questions: 15
Worksheet time: 11mins
A patient’s lab results are as follows:
Na⁺ = 140 mmol/L
K⁺ = 4.5 mmol/L
Cl⁻ = 105 mmol/L
HCO₃⁻ = 18 mmol/L
What is the anion gap?
A. 14.5 mmol/L
B. 19.5 mmol/L
C.21.5 mmol/L
D. 24.5 mmol/L
Which of the following is a common cause of acute respiratory acidosis?
A. Diabetic ketoacidosis
B. Anxiety attack
C. Drug-induced respiratory depression
D. Hyperventilation
Which of the following is the primary buffer system in the extracellular fluid?
A) Phosphate buffer
B) Protein buffer
C) Bicarbonate buffer
D) Ammonia buffer
25-year-old female presented with complaints of Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain for 2 days.The patient has type 1 diabetes mellitus. She has missed her insulin doses for the past 2 days due to nausea.
Physical Examination:
Blood pressure: 95/60 mmHg
Heart rate: 110 bpm
Respiratory rate: 28/min (deep, rapid breathing—Kussmaul respirations)
Dry mucous membranes
Fruity odor on breath
Arterial blood gas (ABG):
pH: 7.25
HCO₃⁻: 15 mEq/L
PaCO₂: 35 mmHg
Serum glucose: 450 mg/dL
Serum ketones: Positive
1.What is the possible diagnosis?
A.Metabolic alkalosis
B.Metabolic acidosis
C.Respiratory alkalosis
D.Respiratory acidosis
A patient’s ABG shows the following electrolytes:
Na⁺ = 136 mmol/L
K⁺ = 3.8 mmol/L
Cl⁻ = 98 mmol/L
HCO₃⁻ = 30 mmol/L
Calculate the anion gap:
A. 8.0 mmol/L
B. 11.8 mmol/L
C. 13.5 mmol/L
D. 15.2 mmol/L
In respiratory acidosis, which of the following compensatory mechanisms occurs over long time?
A. Increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate
B. Hyperventilation
C. Decreased renal ammonium production
D. Increased respiratory rate
The patient reports multiple episodes of vomiting over the past 3 days to the Emergency department.His ABG report is as follows
ABG:
pH: 7.50
HCO₃⁻: 34 mEq/L
PaCO₂: 48 mmHg
Na⁺: 136 mEq/L
K⁺: 2.9 mEq/L
Cl⁻: 85 mEq/L
What is the probable diagnosis?
A.Respiratory alkalosis with compensation
B.Metabolic alkalosis with partial compensation.
C.Metabolic acidosis
D.Respiratory acidosis
Which of the following best describes a buffer?
A) A substance that increases pH dramatically
B) A solution that resists changes in pH when acid or base is added
C) A chemical that eliminates all acids from the body
D) A fluid that promotes enzyme digestion
What is Anion Gap?
Which of the following best defines the anion gap (including potassium)?
A. Difference between serum sodium and chloride levels
B. Sum of chloride and bicarbonate minus sodium and potassium
C. Difference between measured cations (Na⁺ + K⁺) and measured anions (Cl⁻ + HCO₃⁻)
D. Total anions minus unmeasured cations
A patient presents with lightheadedness and tingling after a panic attack. ABG reveals a high pH and low pCO₂. What is the likely acid-base disorder?
A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
Tina 23years old female presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset dizziness, breathlessness while at work. She describes feeling very anxious lately due to personal stressors and has had similar episodes in the past.
On examination
HR: 88 bpm
RR: 28 breaths per minute (rapid, shallow breathing)
SpO₂: 98% on room air
ABG report is as follows:
pH: 7.53
PaCO₂: 28 mmHg
HCO₃⁻: 22 mEq/L
What is the possible diagnosis?
A.Metabolic alkalosis
B.Respiratory alkalosis
C.Metabolic acidosis
D.Respiratory acidosis
Which of the following is not a cause of respiratory alkalosis?
A. High altitude
B. Fever
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Which of the following conditions is a cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA)?
A. Diarrhea
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis
C. Renal tubular acidosis
D.Ureterosigmoidostomy
Which of the following correctly pairs a buffer system with its location?
A) Bicarbonate buffer – inside red blood cells
B) Phosphate buffer – extracellular fluid
C) Hemoglobin buffer – inside red blood cells
D) Ammonia buffer – lungs
A known case of COPD , 67-year-old male came with Worsening shortness of breath productive cough, dyspnea, wheezing, and purulent sputum over the past 3 days. He has been using his inhalers more frequently.
On examination he has,
BP: 138/88 mmHg
HR: 105 bpm
RR: 24 breaths per minute
SpO₂: 88% on room air
ABG on room air:
pH: 7.28
PaCO₂: 58 mmHg
HCO₃⁻: 26 mEq/L
PaO₂: 60 mmHg
Chest X-ray: Hyperinflated lungs, no infiltrates
What could be the possible diagnosis?
A.Metabolic alkalosis
B.Respiratory alkalosis
C.Metabolic acidosis
D.Respiratory acidosis
