Font size
WorksheetsYEAR END REVIEW 1
Total questions: 174
Worksheet time: 3hrs 11mins
What is part of the exposition of a story?
Meeting the main character(s)
Learning where and when the story takes place.
Finding out how the problem gets resolved.
The story starts getting more exciting.
The turning point of a story, or the point of the highest interest and suspense, is called...
the climax
the inciting incident
the exposition
the resolution
What is plot?
The pattern or sequence of events that make up a story.
An engaging way to discuss events in a story.
The way the events in a story end.
A challenging goal.
Resolution occurs at the...
beginning of the story
middle of the rising action events
end of the story
middle of the story
What can be described as the beginning of the conflict: if this point didn't happen, the rest of the story couldn't take place.
resolution
inciting incident
climax
falling action
Characters, setting, and the introduction to a major conflict are all part of...
the exposition
the falling action
the climax
the resolution
Which part of the story ties up loose ends revolving around the conflict?
falling action
climax
inciting incident
rising action
Rising action is where...
the story gets resolved
the turning point in the story occurs
the characters and setting are introduced
interest and suspense occurs around the main conflict and character
What are number 1 and number 5 in the picture?
exposition, falling action
rising action, climax
exposition, resolution
climax, falling action
What are number 2 and number 6 in the picture?
inciting incident, resolution
inciting incident, climax
exposition, rising action
rising action, falling action
John wished he could get rid of the dread he felt in the pit of his stomach that told him something terrible was about to happen and happen today.
Allusion
Flashback
Foreshadowing
Craig thought high school was his best school years. But with a smile, he thought back to that first day in 9th grade. He was so nervous he got off at the wrong school, spilled icing on his shirt, and dropped his notebook in a puddle. Hie chuckled and shook his head, then ran to catch up with his friends yelling, "Hey, wait for me!"
Allusion
Flashback
Foreshadowing
Serena desperately wanted to get her driver's license, but she was nervous about the driving test. Her father pulled into the parking lot of the DMV. Serena felt the scar on her arm. She shuddered as she recalled the day of the horrible accident. It had been raining all night and the roads were so slick. The other car came crashing across the lane into them. The sound had been so loud. But that was then. Becca looked up at the sun and opened the car door.
Allusion
Flashback
Foreshadowing
Cupid's arrow sure hit bullseye with Jenny and Mark. They are truly two lovebirds.
Allusion
Flashback
Foreshadowing
Chris loved taking Rango to the park. He returned, put the leash away and hugged Rango's neck as he said, "You are my very best friend, Rango?" Chris's mother looked over to her husband as a look of concern spread across her face. The old dog walked slowly to his water bowl.
Allusion
Flashback
Foreshadowing
Looking at the eager young faces staring up at her, Jennifer remembered the day she first played volley. Her coach had said, "Just be there and play fair. Have fun!" Even now I still use this good advice, she thought. She cleared her throat, and in her best 'coaching' voice she said, "Just be there and play fair. Have fun!"
Allusion
Flashback
Foreshadowing
I love animals too, but with two cats, a dog, a snake, a gerbil, and four beta fish, James is the real Doctor Dolittle!
Allusion
Flashback
Foreshadowing
Mark's mom reminded him about missing curfew. Mark knew he would be grounded and hated his parent's reminders. It took twenty minutes to get home. Curfew was at 12:00, so at 11:40, he got into his car to leave. Mark thought his dad worried to much. As he pulled away, he thought, "What could go wrong?"
Allusion
Flashback
Foreshadowing
Simon is such a good Samaritan that I was not surprised when he pulled over to see if he could help the elderly lady cross the street yesterday.
Allusion
Flashback
Foreshadowing
The mood at the dance was so dismal, you would swear the Grim Reaper was the DJ playing each and every song.
Allusion
Flashback
Foreshadowing
Which of the following best defines foreshadowing?
Foreshadowing hints at events that may occur later in the story.
Foreshadowing reflects on events that have already happened in the story.
It is the sequence of events in the story.
It is the underlying message or main idea of the story.
Foreshadowing helps build suspense, excitement and curiosity to promote continual reading. Foreshadowing may appear in _________________________.
i. Character's speech ii. Character's actions
iii. Description of setting iv. Character’s nature
A. i, ii
B. i, ii and iii
C. iii and iv
D. i, ii, iii and iv
In the following, which line subtly hints at foreshadowing?
Emily admired the new painting she had just hung on the wall, its vibrant colors brightening the room.
After a long day, Emily finally settled into her favorite armchair with a cup of tea, reflecting on the pleasant events of the week.
The old grandfather clock in the hallway chimed thirteen times as Emily closed the door behind her, its sound echoing through the empty house.
Emily noticed a strange draft coming from the basement, but she soon realized it was the old windows.
Define foreshadowing.
flashback of what happened previously
hint at something that will happen later
Giving human-like characteristics to non-living things
Comparing two unlike things using like or as
An author's technique that uses clues to give the reader hints of events to come.
Flachback
Inferencing
Foreshadowing
Setting
The literary element that means "giving a hint that something is going to happen" is (a) .
Characterization
Symbolism
Foreshadowing
Literal Meaning
What is the definition of theme?
A universal truth, a sentence stating the lesson/essage the author tries to reveal to the audience
Events that occur within the story
Author's reason for writing the story
Location of the stories
Susie was waiting for Tina to arrive in the crowded lunch room. She looked through the crowd to see if she could spot Tina from afar. Tina was standing in an area all by herself. She had a perplexed look on her face, as there were no other seats available. Thankfully, Susie had saved her a seat, and all was well.
What is the moral?
Lunch is best when it's crowded.
Be nice.
Friends look out for one another.
Susie is nice.
Three flies notice an overturned honey pot. Two of the flies decide to land in the honey and start eating it. But the oldest fly stays back. The two flies tease the older fly, but then get stuck in the honey.
What is the theme of this story?
Some prizes aren't worth it.
Overreacting leads to illness.
Insects value food over safety.
Always send a tester.
Susie was waiting for Tina to arrive in the crowded lunch room. She looked through the crowd to see if she could spot Tina from afar. Tina was standing in an area all by herself. She had a perplexed look on her face, as there were no other seats available. Thankfully, Susie had saved her a seat, and all was well.
What is the theme?
Lunch is best when it's crowded.
Be nice.
Friendship comes in many forms.
Susie is nice.
Jim was stacking boxes at work. There was a certain height he had to reach. He stretched his body, but could not reach to place the final box at the top. Bill happened to see Jim struggling and came to his rescue, since he was a foot taller.
What is the theme?
Teamwork can accomplish a goal.
Tall people are the best.
Work hard to reach a goal.
People can be like boxes.
The three-year-old peered down from the diving board and looked back at his mother behind him. His knees began to buckle as he took another step forward. "Splash!"
What is the theme?
It takes courage to accomplish your goals.
You should never give up.
It takes loyalty to reach your dreams.
People make sacrifices for others.
She sobbed for hours trying to think of a way out of having to tell her father she wrecked her new car. After stewing over it for quite some time, she called her father on his cell phone. "Thank you," he said.
What is the theme?
Sometimes, crying is good for you.
It's important to be honest.
Driving a car is a big responsibility.
Experiencing loss/grief is difficult.
To identify a theme in a story, a reader can ask ...
What has the character learned?
What is the setting?
Who is the narrator?
ALL of the above.
Which of the following statements about theme is TRUE?
Authors NEVER use the same theme twice.
Themes only repeat in short stories.
All poems have the same theme.
The same themes can occur in different stories/different authors.
Where can a reader find the theme?
It stated directly in the text.
A character tells you.
The reader must understand what the character has learned.
Books or movies do not have themes.
Little Red Riding Hood gets herself into danger by disobeying her parents and revealing too much information to a wolf on her way to her grandmother’s house.
Which is it?
Theme Topic
Moral
Main Idea
Theme Statement
Never talk to strangers.
Which is it?
Theme Topic
Moral
Main Idea
Theme Statement
Trust
Which is it?
Theme Topic
Moral
Main Idea
Theme Statement
Appearances can sometimes be deceiving.
Which is it?
Theme Topic
Moral
Main Idea
Theme Statement
Charity
Which is it?
Theme Topic
Moral
Main Idea
Theme Statement
Instead of sabotaging one another, the chefs worked together to create a masterpiece.
Which is it?
Theme Topic
Moral
Main Idea
Theme Statement
Kindness can achieve more than cruelness.
Which is it?
Theme Topic
Moral
Main Idea
Theme Statement
Be kind to others.
Which is it?
Theme Topic
Moral
Main Idea
Theme Statement
War does not solve problems.
Which is it?
Theme Topic
Moral
Main Idea
Theme Statement
Love
Which is it?
Theme Topic
Moral
Main Idea
Theme Statement
“What would you do if you could fly?" Mrs. V asks as she glances from the bird to me.
"Is that on the quiz?" I ask, grinning as I type.
"I think we've studied just about everything else." Mrs. V chuckles.
"I'd be scared to let go," I type.
"Afraid you'd fall?" she asks.
"No. Afraid it would feel so good, I'd just fly away.”
― Sharon M. Draper, Out of My Mind
First Person
Second Person
Third Person Limited
Third Person Omniscient
"Leslie sat in front of Paul. She had two long, brown pigtails that reached all the way down to her waist. Paul saw those pigtails, and a terrible urge came over him. He wanted to pull a pigtail. He wanted to wrap his fist around it, feel the hair between his fingers, and just yank." Sideways Stories From Wayside School, Louis Sachar
First Person
Second Person
Third Person Limited
Third Person Omniscient
― Jacqueline Woodson, Peace, Locomotion
― Rebecca Stead, Goodbye Stranger
― J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit
How can you know that something is written in first person point of view?
pronouns like I, my and him are used
the author is addressing the reader
the narrator is not in the story
pronouns like I, my and we are used
he?
we?
What poetry term is used when the same consonant sound is used many times in a line but at ANY PART of the words.
consonance
rhyme
poetry
alliteration
Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese.
Alliteration
Assonance
The squeaky wheel gets the grease.
Alliteration
Assonance
Sheep should sleep in a shed.
Alliteration
Assonance
Are you hungry? Let's find a cafe for ________, __________ and __________. (use alliteration)
egg, chips and cola
coffee, cakes and tea
coffee, cakes and cola
fish, chips and coffee
Great, gregarious Gary from Gryffindor likes grapes.
onomatopoeia
assonance
consonance
imagery
What poetry term is being used in this sentence: "so the sounds sailed the sea with her"
consonance
alliteration
The pushy fish said, “Hush!”
Alliteration
Rhyme
Consonance
Assonance
All the cat’s paw-prints were gone.
Alliteration
Rhyme
Consonance
Assonance
The rhino and the tiger like ice cream.
Alliteration
Rhyme
Consonance
Assonance
Larry laughed during lunch.
Alliteration
Rhyme
Consonance
Assonance
Do you like blue?
Alliteration
Assonance
Consonance
None of the above
A dove moved silently above the waves.
Assonance
Consonance
Alliteration
None of the Above
Big bumbling bumblebees rode light, lilting breezes
Alliteration
Assonance
Consonance
None of the Above
What type of irony is this?
A mother comes into the TV room and discovers her 11-year-old watching television instead of doing his homework. Pointing to the screen she says, “I see you are busy, kiddo, but when you're finished with your serious studies there, maybe we could take some time out for recreation and do a little math.”
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
What type of irony is this?
A couple appears in court to finalize a divorce, but during the proceeding, they reconcile and decide to remarry instead.
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
What type of irony is this?
Romeo and Juliet are secretly married, but Juliet's parents insist that she should marry Paris. Juliet tries to fake her death in order to run off with Romeo, but, being a typical teenager, neglects to tell Romeo about her plan. She becomes unconscious after drinking a sleeping potion given to her by the apothecary. When Romeo discovers Juliet, he thinks that she is dead, not knowing that she is merely unconscious. He consumes poison and kills himself.
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
What type of irony is this?
Dad is finally out of patience with picking up after his son, who cannot seem to put his dirty clothes in the hamper instead of letting them drop wherever he happens to be when he takes them off. Dad says to him, “Would it please Milord if I, his humble servant, were to attend to the laundry?"
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
What type of irony is this?
On Friday night, Jim leaves with friends to watch a basketball game but when he arrives, there is a chess tournament going on instead. The basketball game is actually on Saturday night.
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
What type of irony is this?
Dwight is seated at his desk working diligently when Jim sneaks up behind him silently. Jim, a great prankster, is dressed as a bear. Dwight is known to practice karate in case of bear attacks, and he takes bear attacks quite seriously, but Jim does not know this. Everyone in the office sees Jim about to “scare” Dwight out of his wits, but they do nothing.
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
What type of irony is this?
Jan buys herself something she has wanted for a long time – an iPhone 11 – after months of saving her allowance. When her grandmother visits days later, she surprises Jan – with an iPhone 11.
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
What type of irony is this?
“Clear your desks,” says the teacher. “All you need is a pen.” The teacher then passes out clean sheets of college ruled loose leaf paper. “Please put a proper MLA heading at the tops of your paper,” the teacher continues, “and number your paper 1 – 10.” The students seem anxious and are oddly quiet. “Now,” says the millionaire teacher seriously, “write down ten things you would like me to buy you at the mall this weekend.”
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
What type of irony is this?
You pull up to a red light next to a group of the toughest, meanest looking motorcycle riders you've ever seen. You sneak a glance at the guy in the front, who is covered with tattoos and has a helmet with teeth on the visor. Then you look at his jacket, where you see the tiniest, cutest kitten head popping out of the zipper.
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
What type of irony is this?
The temperature in the English classroom is, like it often is, egregiously warm. “Why is it always so cold in here?” asks a sixth grader, without raising his hand.
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
What type of irony is this?
The winner of the annual St. Mary’s Benefit raffle for $10,000 turns out to be Jeff Bezos, one of the richest men in the world.
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
What type of irony is this?
A man hates his wife's cheap, fake jewelry. When she dies, he slowly sinks into poverty and decides to sell the fake jewelry for the few measly dollars he can get for it. He discovers that it's not fake after all, but worth thousands of francs.
Situational
Dramatic
Verbal
Match the type of irony to its denfinition
Dramatic
Situational
Verbal
Dramatic
The reader knows that the wife survived the plane crash, but his wife thinks he didn't.
Situational
The winner of the spelling bee fails their spelling quiz.
Verbal
Someone states during a rainstorm, " It's such a beautiful day!"
Dramatic
The narrator reveals that the man inherits a fortune, but doesn't tell his family.
Situational
The man realizes he won the lottery but lost his ticket.
Verbal
The cashier sweetly tell the customer to, "Have a nice day!"
Identify the type of irony: “That was as much fun as having a root canal,” RJ. said after the difficult math test.
Dramatic
Situational
Verbal
Identify the type of irony: Sari carefully avoided the puddles, but she didn’t see the pond and fell in.
Dramatic
Situational
Verbal
What was said is the opposite of what was meant
Verbal Irony
Dramatic Irony
Situational Irony
In Toy Story, human characters are not aware that the toys speak and move, but the audience is.
Verbal irony
Dramatic irony
Situational irony
What type of irony is this ?
Verbal irony
Situational irony
Dramatic irony
Irony usually involves something that is
False
Unimportant
Unexpected
Firefighters leave the firehouse to put out a fire at the school. After the fire is quelled, they return to the firehouse to shower. When they arrive, they find it has burned down.
Verbal Irony
Situational Irony
Dramatic Irony
"Her face is as white as snow," is an example of ______
Metaphor
Simile
Personification
Hyperbole
What word imitates a sound in the following sentence: "I heard the humming of bees?"
heard
humming
bees
None of the above
What figure of speech is described as the usage of exaggerated terms in order to emphasize or heighten the effect of something?
Metaphor
Personification
Onomatopoeia
Hyperbole
Which of the following is not an example of simile?
He eats like a pig.
She is as white as snow.
Love is a battlefield.
She acts like Maria Clara.
Which of the following words does not imitate a sound?
Buzz
Clap
Rough
Thud
"My wallet is crying," is an example of
Personification
Simile
Onomatopoeia
Metaphor
It is a figure of speech that compares two unrelated objects or ideas without the use of as or like.
Simile
Metaphor
Hyperbole
Onomatopoeia
It is described as the use of word which imitates a sound.
Onomatopoeia
Personification
Hyperbole
Metaphor
"Ribbit!" the frog said to the snake. "You must let me pass!" is an example of what two types of figurative language?
Onomatopoeia - Metaphor
Simile - Personification
Onomatopoeia - Personification
Hyperbole - Personification
What is the difference between Simile and Metaphor? Give examples.
Which of the following is an example of metaphor?
Her voice is a garbage dump.
Her voice is a car engine.
Her voice is music to my ears.
Her voice is a pile of rocks.
Which of the following sentences is an example of personification?
The stars danced in the night sky.
The car drove down the road.
The cat meowed loudly.
The light bulb is glowing brightly.
Which of the following is a simile?
Select all that apply.
He is as stubborn as a mule.
The moon is shining brightly.
She dances like a peacock.
He is as tall as a giraffe.
Which of the following is an example of oxymoron?
enormous flea
jumbo shrimp
tiny elephant
giant ant
Which of the following is an example of onomatopoeia?
Select all that apply.
Bang
Jump
Whisper
Crash
Which of the following is an example of hyperbole?
I have a hundred things to do today.
'I have a million things to do today.
I have only one thing to do today.
I have nothing to do today.
Which of the following is an example of personification?
The wind whispered through the trees.
The rock is hard and unyielding.
The river flowed gently.
The sun is shining brightly.
Which of the following is an example of simile?
Select all that apply.
He runs like the wind.
The sun is shining brightly.
She is as strong as an ox.
She is as brave as a lion.
Which of the following is an example of simile?
His words were like a knife cutting through butter.
His words were a thunderstorm.
His words were a forest.
His words were a car engine.
Which of the following is an example of oxymoron?
giant ant
tiny elephant
jumbo shrimp
enormous flea
Which of the following words is an example of onomatopoeia?
Laugh
Zoom
Walk
Think
Which of the following is an example of exaggeration?
Select all that apply.
I'm so hot I could melt.
I'm so fast I could outrun a cheetah.
I'm so smart I could solve any problem.
I'm so strong I could lift a mountain.
Which two figures of speech make comparisons?
simile and personification
simile and metaphor
personification and hyperbole
metaphor and personification
When words are literal, they mean exactly what they say.
True
False
Knowing the type of figure of speech is more important than understanding the meaning of it.
True
False
I’m on a heavy diet until my wedding day.
PARADOX
OXYMORON
if you don’t risk anything, you risk everything
PARADOX
OXYMORON
Me, I always tell the truth. Even when I lie
PARADOX
OXYMORON
He was forced to stand down from his position as president.
PARADOX
OXYMORON
He is the only honest thief.
PARADOX
OXYMORON
Identify the paradox
The clouds swam lazily in the sky
The person who wrote that book can't write
I was confused by the lesson
Read the following phrase.
You never know what worse luck your bad luck has saved you from.
PARADOX
OXYMORON
He installed the new wireless cable in the television room.
OXYMORON
PARADOX
Only choice
Paradox
Oxymoron
Both
Neither
Less is More.
IRONY
OXYMORON
PARADOX
NONE OF THE ABOVE
Identify the paradox.
The dress cost a million dollars.
I’d rather be lucky than smart.
It’s twelve minutes until midnight.
She stood in the empty room.
"If I know one thing, it's that I know nothing."
Irony
Oxymoron
Paradox
Kelly Clarkson sings: "Oh, he's so beautiful--such a beautiful disaster." She is using...
Paradox
Oxymoron
Simile
Situational Irony
If you want peace, you must prepare for war.
Oxymoron
Paradox
Irony
Dramatic Irony
Which word would create an oxymoron if you added it to the word "clearly?"
hot
sweet
lucky
misunderstood
Identify the paradox
Your enemy's friend is your enemy.
Wise fool
more equal
Those who work hard become successful.
Choose the sentence which parallelism structure is being used.
I love creating videos and eating pizza.
I love creating videos and to eat pizza.
Choose the sentence which parallelism structure is being used.
Tanjiro wanted to train and to go travelling.
Tanjiro wanted to train and to travel.
Gabi started the engine, released the break, and checked the seats.
Parallel
Not parallel
Mikasa wants neither the black scarf nor the yellow scarf.
Not parallel
Parallel
Armin likes either walking the dog or to go for a jog.
Parallel
Not parallel
The audience in Wall Maria cheered, laughed, and cried too.
Parallel
Not Parallel
Determine if the sentence is Faulty or Correct
The student was scolded by her tutor, reprimanded by her dad, and told off by her mother.
Faulty
Correct
Determine if the sentence is Faulty or Correct
The teacher told the students that they should get a lot of rest, that they should study, and to do some prayers before the exams.
Faulty
Correct
Fill in the blank: The concept of parallelism in writing involves the use of ______ structures.
Different
Similar
Opposite
Complex
Using all ______ or passive voice is a way to achieve parallel structure.
active
passive
complex
simple
Identify the parallel structure in the following sentence: 'She likes to swim, to run, and to bike.'
She likes
to swim, to run, and to bike
likes to
swim, run, bike.
Choose the sentence that does not have parallel structure: A) I like to jog, to swim, and to read. B) She wants to dance, sing, and to travel. C) He enjoys cooking, baking, and to eat. D) We plan to hike, to camp, and to fish.
I like to jog, to swim, and to read.
She wants to dance, sing, and to travel.
He enjoys cooking, baking, and to eat.
We plan to hike, to camp, and to fish.
Fill in the blank: When listing verbals like gerunds or infinitives, stick to one type or the other and remain _________.
inconsistent
consistent
confusing
awkward
Choose the sentence that is not parallel: A) She likes to swim, to run, and to hike. B) He enjoys reading books, playing video games, and cooking meals. C) My goals are to exercise daily, eating healthy, and to get more sleep.
A) She likes to swim, to run, and to hike.
B) He enjoys reading books, playing video games, and cooking meals.
C) My goals are to exercise daily, eating healthy, and to get more sleep.
Choose the sentence that is parallel: A) She likes to swim, running, and to hike. B) She likes swimming, running, and hiking. C) She likes to swim, to run, and hiking.
A) She likes to swim, running, and to hike.
B) She likes swimming, running, and hiking.
C) She likes to swim, to run, and hiking.
Which of the following sentences is in passive voice?
The dragon was slain by the gryphon.
Mylie plays guitar on the weekends.
I want this to be done ___
precisely, carefully, and immediately
with accurate measure, carefully, and immediately
precisely, with proper precaution, and immediately
Rewrite the following sentence using parallel structure: I like swimming, to run, and reading.
I like swimming, to run, and to read.
I like to swim, running, and reading.
I like swimming, run, and to read.
I like swimming, running, and reading.
Rewrite the following sentence using parallel structure: The coach told the players to work hard, that they should be disciplined, and to not give up.
The coach told the players to work hard, to be disciplined, and to not give up.
The coach told the players to work hard, that they should be disciplined, and to give up discipline.
The coach told the players to work hard, that they should be disciplined, and to not working hard.
The coach told the players to work hard, that they should be disciplined, and to give up.
Parallel structure creates patterns that are easy to follow so the reader understand the main idea.
true
false
Rewrite the following sentence using parallel structure: The teacher told the students to study hard, that they should be focused, and to not procrastinate.
The teacher told the students to study hard, to focus, and to not be procrastinating.
The teacher told the students to study hard, to be focused, and to not procrastinate.
The teacher told the students to study hard, to be focused, and to avoid procrastination.
The teacher told the students to study hard, to be focused, and not procrastinating.
Rewrite the following sentence using parallel structure: She enjoys hiking, biking, and to go for a walk.
She enjoys hiking, biking, and to run.
She enjoys hiking, biking, and to drive.
She enjoys hiking, biking, and to swimming.
She enjoys hiking, biking, and walking.
Which is true about the passive voice in English?
The subject comes before the verb
The object comes before the verb
It emphasizes action and the person doing the action
Which sentence is the most parallel?
Michael loves to walk his dog, fishing at the lake, and to run in the park.
Our company focuses on branding, marketing, and selling the highest quality products on the market!
Shelby loves to read mystery novels, to bake cookies, and to watch documentaries.
Benson is playing the guitar, and the piano is being played by his brother.
Which sentence is the most parallel?
Fredericka loves playing basketball, to hike, and studying medicine.
Martin turned in his report, and feedback was given by his boss.
Harry sings in the choir, plays competitive basketball, and studies for his tests.
Our club is focused on promoting diversity, expressing ideas, and connecting each person to the support network he or she needs to thrive.
